Articles tagged with Europe
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study found that drinking less alcohol is the most effective way to avoid hangovers, contrary to popular claims that eating water or consuming hydrating drinks can prevent them. Researchers surveyed over 1,300 students and found no correlation between hydration and hangover severity.
The Philistines brought exotic plants, including sycamore, cumin, and opium poppy, which had a significant impact on Israel's floral biodiversity. These cultivars were not found in archaeological sites prior to the Iron Age, reflecting a distinct agrarian regime and dietary preferences.
Researchers found a clear transition in catches at depths of 600 to 800 meters, with significant increases in biodiversity and discarded biomass. The study suggests that a depth limit at around 600 meters could have specific conservation benefits.
Researchers developed a model to simulate Mediterranean tsunami impact, showing how waves would hit and flood coastal areas in southern Italy and Greece. The study highlights the need for local authorities to identify vulnerable areas and plan defense strategies.
The ESMO Women for Oncology Task Force aims to address inequalities among women oncologists, and the new award will be presented to Enriqueta Felip, who kick-started awareness of the lack of women oncologists in leadership roles. The award recognizes contributors who support the development of women in oncology.
A team of scientists has discovered how a plant sensor detects pathogens, bringing unprecedented detail to the 'gene-for-gene' hypothesis. The study reveals that the strength of binding between the sensor and pathogen proteins correlates with the plant's response, opening up new strategies for engineering enhanced resistance.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Europe, with four million deaths annually. Inequalities between European countries are stark, with higher death rates in Eastern Europe, indicating the impact on longevity.
The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) announced the award of its esteemed prizes to three exceptional medical oncologists: Nathan Cherny, Nagahiro Saijo, and Cornelis Punt. These pioneers have made groundbreaking contributions to palliative care integration, medical oncology in Asia, and immunotherapy approaches.
Patients without obstructive CAD are just as likely to experience angina after a heart attack as those with obstructive CAD. Non-invasive strategies to reduce angina burden could significantly impact patients' health and quality of life.
Researchers identified two new genetic susceptibility regions specific to European women with PCOS, including a region containing the FSH gene, which plays an essential role in ovarian function. The study provides crucial insights into the disorder's biological pathways, paving the way for new treatments and disease prevention approaches.
A new species of cave-dwelling snail from South Korea has been described, shedding light on the ancient distribution of subterranean biodiversity across Eurasia. The discovery suggests that these unique creatures may have once inhabited a pan-Eurasian range, with potential implications for conservation efforts.
Recent anthropological analysis of a 7000-year-old mass grave reveals victims were murdered and deliberately mutilated during the early Neolithic period. The study suggests that social tensions may have contributed to the termination of this era and that such massacres were frequent features of the early Central European Neolithic period.
The BigStorage project aims to develop new approaches for handling Big Data, leveraging theoretical research, complex infrastructures, and software packages. The European consortium will focus on high-performance computing and storage technologies to address the needs of climate research, medicine, and environmental sciences.
A research team at the John Innes Centre has identified and studied peas with mutations in genes coding for seed protease inhibitors, which can reduce protein availability by up to 10%. The study provides proof of principle for genetic approaches to improve crop traits, including the removal of allergenic proteins.
The wild boar population in Europe has been constantly growing since the 1980s, primarily driven by climate change. Mild winters lead to a sharp increase in population growth, as thermoregulation becomes less of an issue, allowing for more energy available for reproduction and offspring survival.
A recent US study found that fetal electrocardiogram ST segment analysis does not improve outcomes during labor and delivery or decrease cesarean deliveries compared to conventional fetal heart rate monitoring. The research involved 11,108 randomized patients and found no significant differences in negative outcomes.
Inflammation is a normal component of host defense, but elevated unresolved chronic inflammation is linked to various chronic diseases. Diet composition and micronutrient status can modulate inflammation.
Animal models are still crucial for medical research, according to experts, as they have led to tremendous progress in treating human and animal diseases. The authors argue that alternative methods, such as in vitro research, are not yet ready to replace animal models entirely.
Researchers from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München elucidated the molecular level interactions between an inherited mutation and a spontaneous somatic mutation in Ewing's sarcoma. The team discovered that a germline susceptibility variant increases risk for the disease by interacting with a driver mutation, promoting tumorigenesis.
A major European mouse study has identified the roles of 320 genes in mice, shedding light on their functions and potential links to human diseases. The study, led by Helmholtz Munich, provides valuable insights into genetic variations that can be used to develop personalized medicine approaches.
Researchers have identified two new species of parasitoid wasps with remarkable morphology, including the Pteromalus briani wasp's protruding hind legs and the P. janstai wasp's flattened middle section. These discoveries highlight the potential for new species to be discovered in thoroughly explored regions.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience reveals that latent heat release in ascending air masses plays a crucial role in the formation and perpetuation of stable high-pressure systems, also known as 'blocking', which can lead to extreme weather conditions. The research team analyzed massive amounts of climate data from around the wo...
The six-month-long eruption produced around 1.6 km3 of lava and 12m tonnes of SO2 emissions, affecting Iceland and parts of Europe. Monitoring stations recorded high SO2 spikes in Ireland, Austria, and other countries, with levels exceeding European health limits.
A large-scale genetic study has discovered that the regions of the genome underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are consistent across diverse populations. The study included nearly 10,000 DNA samples from East Asian, Indian or Iranian descent and an existing set of 86,640 samples drawn from Europe, North America and Oceania.
NASA's RapidScat instrument and Europe's METOP satellite detected tropical-storm-force winds in the northwest quadrant of Cyclone Enrique. The storm was re-classified as a tropical storm on July 17, with maximum sustained winds near 40 mph (65 kph) and higher gusts.
A team of UCLA researchers has discovered the structure of mysterious plasma waves in near-Earth space, which were first detected in the 1960s. The findings reveal a zebra-striped pattern that could explain how these waves are excited.
Scientists found that wheat pathogen causing yellow rust epidemics in Europe originated in the center of diversity in the Himalayan region. This can lead to significant impact on wheat production, especially organic farming in Denmark. Resistant crop varieties are crucial for disease management.
A team of researchers developed an artificial model system to study quantum effects in light harvesting, revealing a delicate interplay between molecular vibrations and electrons. The resulting theoretical model explains experiments perfectly, shedding light on the physical mechanisms necessary for energy-efficient photovoltaic cells.
A new study reveals that climate change is forcing North American and European bumblebee species to shrink their geographic ranges, with losses of up to 300 kilometers. The findings suggest that these pollinators may experience more rapid decline than other species due to warming temperatures.
A new study reveals that climate change is compressing the geographic ranges of North American and European bumblebees, leading to significant population declines. The research highlights the importance of conserving these vital crop pollinators globally to prevent their extinction.
Researchers have found that climate change is causing widespread declines of pollinators across continents, affecting critical roles played by bumble bees as wild pollinators. The study reveals that bumble bee species are being compressed into their northernmost ranges, leading to alarming effects on ecosystems.
Researchers found that blocking a specific pathway involving cannabinoid and serotonin receptors can reduce detrimental cognitive effects while preserving pain relief. The breakthrough aims to create safe cannabis-based therapies without memory impairment or other adverse effects.
A comprehensive analysis found that climate change is compressing the ranges of bumblebees in North America and Europe, leading to significant population reductions. The study highlights the alarming rate at which bumblebee species are disappearing, with some populations declining by over 90%.
Researchers at Brunel University have developed a cost-saving ultrasound degassing method for aluminum melt, achieving efficiency rates of up to 75% in batch operation. The method uses a plate sonotrode and has the potential to unlock greater efficiencies, pending industrial-scale engineering challenges.
A new LOEWE research focus at the Goethe University Frankfurt is investigating Bronze Age forts between the Taunus and Carpathian mountains. The study aims to uncover the social historical perspective of violent conflict during this period, comparing it to early Middle Ages conditions.
The European Nanomedicine Characterization Laboratory (EU-NCL) aims to bring safe and efficient nanotherapeutics faster to patients. EU-NCL partners with international reference facilities to harmonize analytical protocols, providing a trans-disciplinary testing infrastructure for preclinical characterization.
Research reveals higher mortality rates associated with poverty levels, with significant variation among urban areas. The study analyzed nine causes of death and a socioeconomic deprivation index in 15 European cities.
An international consortium is developing a comprehensive understanding of fertilization in flowering plants using comparative genomics and molecular biology techniques. The research aims to provide insights into the origins of fertilization and its role in improving crop productivity.
A group of top doctors and scientists propose a paradigm shift in NCD prevention and treatment, emphasizing the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles. They suggest integrating and collaborating with various stakeholders, including governments, companies, and organizations, to create effective change.
Researchers found that afamelanotide significantly improves pain-free sun exposure and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. The treatment reduced the number of phototoxic reactions and improved overall quality of life, offering patients increased daily functionality.
Researchers found interesting morphological distinctions in the mouthparts of larvae and new chromosome rearrangements in the second chromosome of <i> Ch. bernensis</i>. The study suggests a possible adaptive explanation for the geographical distribution of the species, with different genotypic combinations dominating at various sites.
The introduction of innovative techniques and devices has led to declining death rates from cardiovascular disease, but reimbursement systems are hindering their adoption. Delays in allocating reimbursement codes are limiting investment in future device therapies.
A study found that anthropogenic factors, such as cultivation, played a more important role in plant invasiveness than previously thought. The research analyzed Central European plants introduced to North America and found that residence time in the invaded range and habitats occupied in native ranges were key drivers of invasion.
A UK land cover map has shown a decline in semi-natural habitats and agricultural land between 2006 and 2012. Coniferous forest clear-cutting dominated the changes, with over 100,000 hectares lost.
Two species of dengue and chikungunya-carrying mosquitoes are spreading rapidly across the globe, with new areas identified as suitable for their survival. The expansion threatens communities worldwide, particularly in Africa where records are sparse.
A recent study revealed that 11 out of 14 popular VPN providers leak user information due to IPv6 weaknesses. This vulnerability affects users' browsing activities, including website access and online communications. Researchers warn that this exposure puts users at risk of being tracked by hackers or oppressive regimes.
A new study suggests that retreating sea ice in the Iceland and Greenland Seas may be changing the Atlantic Ocean's circulation patterns. This shift could lead to a cooling of western Europe as the Gulf Stream weakens, resulting from reduced oceanic convection.
A new study finds that as smoking declines overall, remaining smokers are actually less likely to smoke and more likely to quit. The study challenges the need to promote e-cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy, suggesting that current tobacco control policies have been successful in reducing smoking prevalence.
The European Society of Cardiology has published first-ever recommendations for managing cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic kidney disease. The guidelines emphasize the importance of considering renal impairment when choosing antiarrhythmic strategies, drugs, and anticoagulants.
Research highlights the potential role of moderate coffee consumption in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. Key findings include an estimated 21% reduction in CVD mortality risk at a daily intake of 3-5 cups, as well as associations with lower type 2 diabetes risk and improved lifestyle habits.
Researchers analyzed DNA from a 40,000-year-old jawbone from Romania and found that six to nine percent of the person's genome came from Neandertals. This shows that some of the first modern humans in Europe mixed with local Neandertals around this time.
Researchers from the University of Valencia analysed 154 brands of beer and found that heavy drinkers consume toxic substances exceeding safety limits. The study reveals low exposure for average consumers, but highlights concerns among those who drink large quantities of beer daily.
A 40,000-year-old jawbone discovered in Europe has revealed that modern humans interbred with Neanderthals after their arrival in the continent. The study, led by HHMI investigator David Reich, found that six to nine percent of the individual's genome is from Neanderthals, indicating a recent ancestry.
New calculations by researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute show a significant risk of major sea level rise in Northern Europe, with potential increases of up to 1.5 meters in Scandinavia, England, and northern Germany. The study highlights regional differences in gravity and land uplift affecting sea levels.
Scientists have discovered transient spikes in temperature at several spots on Venus' surface, indicating active flows of lava. The hotspots are clustered in a large rift zone called Ganiki Chasma, suggesting ongoing volcanic activity.
Researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna have discovered a new case of koi sleepy disease in Austria, which is believed to originate from Asia. The virus causes symptoms such as sunken eyes and swollen gills in infected fish.
Charging migrants for NHS services will not ease strain on the UK's National Health Service (NHS), according to experts. The new policy, which imposes a £200 surcharge per year, may push undocumented migrants into irregularity and prevent them from regularizing their residence.
Cardiovascular outcomes trials are considered a high-risk venture due to long treatment periods and large sample sizes required to demonstrate incremental risk reduction. Simplifying randomized controlled trials could bring new therapies to market sooner, mitigating the impact of exclusivity loss and reducing development costs.
A new trial found that hydroxychloroquine does not reduce pain, disability, or joint stiffness in patients with primary hand osteoarthritis. The study suggests that this medication should no longer be prescribed for this condition, highlighting the need for alternative treatment options.
A dose reduction strategy for TNF inhibitors can maintain good clinical response in RA patients even when the dose is reduced by one-third. Reducing the dose by two-thirds results in more flares, but these subsided when the higher dose was restarted.