Articles tagged with Conflicts Of Interest
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The article highlights how immigrant communities in the Bronx, NY are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. The authors advocate for a more equitable healthcare system to address these disparities.
A Viewpoint article explores challenges and solutions in palliative care during the pandemic. Key findings include strategies to optimize care delivery, address healthcare workforce shortages, and improve patient outcomes.
A study comparing opioid-related deaths in cancer survivors to the general population found that opioid-associated deaths in cancer survivors have increased at a rate similar to that of the general population. The findings suggest that opioids may not be contributing to rising rates of overdose among cancer patients.
A recent study discusses the parallels between diagnosing and treating cancer patients versus those with COVID-19. Key similarities include the importance of early detection and personalized care plans.
The study estimates peak ICU bed needs in US cities for a COVID-19 outbreak similar to Wuhan, China. It projects an average of 40% increase in ICU bed usage during peak surge periods.
Researchers evaluated COVID-19 transmission risk across different exposure window periods before and after symptom onset, finding significant transmission risks between 1 to 3 days before symptom onset. The study highlights the importance of early detection and isolation measures to prevent further spread of the virus.
Researchers found a significant increase in internet searches for unproven COVID-19 treatments, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, following public endorsements. The study highlights the need for critical evaluation of online health information during the pandemic.
A recent study evaluated Medicaid benefits coverage and reimbursement amounts for recommended adult vaccines across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The findings suggest that state policies vary widely, with some states providing more comprehensive vaccination services than others.
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the use of telemedicine in neurology, enabling patients with chronic conditions to receive timely care. The shift highlighted the importance of telehealth services for managing complex neurological disorders.
A randomized clinical trial investigates the safety and efficacy of two chloroquine diphosphate dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. The study suggests that high-dose chloroquine diphosphate may be effective in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Researchers examined 1.2 million US suicides and nonfatal attempts from 2006 to 2015, finding significant increases in mortality rates among younger adults. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address rising suicidal acts in the US population.
Rates of thyroid cancer among World Trade Center rescue/recovery workers are significantly higher than those in the general population. Asymptomatic cancers detected during heightened medical surveillance contribute to these elevated rates.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly 12,000 black adolescents and found that attending sexual health programs was associated with increased condom use and reduced number of partners. The study suggests that these programs can have a positive impact on sexual behavior among Black adolescents.
A study of nearly 7,000 resident surgeons found widespread racial/ethnic discrimination in US general surgery programs, linked to increased burnout and suicidal thoughts. The investigation aims to shed light on the prevalence and impact of these issues, highlighting the need for greater inclusivity and support.
A large observational study of over 33,000 women found that those born by cesarean section were at higher risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. The study, published in JAMA Network Open, controlled for various factors and found a significant association between cesarean births and increased risk of these conditions.
A recent study highlights the difficulties healthcare providers face when caring for cancer patients during a pandemic. The authors discuss strategies to mitigate these challenges and improve patient outcomes in Italy during the COVID-19 epidemic.
A study of young adult cancer survivors found that e-cigarette users were more likely to experience cancer relapse compared to non-users. The researchers analyzed national survey data and found a significant association between e-cigarette use and increased risk of cancer recurrence.
A study combining 47 studies with 23,000 participants estimated that cannabis withdrawal syndrome affects approximately 8% of individuals who stop using the substance. The syndrome's symptoms include irritability, nervousness or anxiety, depression, and headache.
From 1999 to 2017, approximately 64,000 firework-related eye injuries were treated in US emergency departments. The study found that men and children under 18 were more likely to be injured.
A study from Madrid's Hospital Infanta Sofía of COVID-19 testing and treatment in children shows promising results, with over 90% of pediatric patients experiencing mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. The study's findings highlight the importance of early detection and treatment in managing childhood COVID-19 cases.
A study surveyed 2,400 US 12th-graders from 2015 to 2018, finding an increase in marijuana vaping and edible use. The researchers also found that smoking marijuana was the most common method of use among this age group.
A large European study of over 100,000 adults found that a combination of healthy lifestyle factors, including low smoking and moderate physical activity, were linked to the longest periods without chronic diseases. The study's results provide new insights into the importance of healthy habits in preventing chronic disease.
Researchers analyzed medical data from 61 adults who visited an emergency department with scooter-related injuries. The study highlights the growing concern of motorized scooter injuries, particularly among young adults and pedestrians.
A recent study analyzing nearly 230,000 men found significant racial disparities in prostate cancer survival rates across the United States. The research identified geographic areas with lower survival rates for certain racial groups compared to white patients.
A cluster-spreading event was reported in a public bath center in Huai'an, China, where an infected individual transmitted the virus to eight others through bathing. The study highlights the potential for SARS-CoV-2 transmission in close-contact settings without adequate hygiene measures.
A recent study published in JAMA Network reveals that COVID-19 can cause acute myocardial inflammation leading to fatigue and signs of heart failure. Researchers identified the presentation of this condition in a patient who recovered from influenzalike syndrome and developed symptoms a week after upper respiratory tract symptoms.
A study of 72,000 adolescents and young adults found that exposure to family members with opioid prescriptions increases the youth's own risk of overdose. Higher rates of opioid prescription among young people also contribute to their increased risk of overdose.
A study published in JAMA Network found that COVID-19 is associated with increased risk of fatal cardiovascular outcomes in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. The researchers evaluated the relationship between pre-existing heart conditions and myocardial injury on patient mortality rates.
A recent observational study of 416 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, reveals that cardiac injury is a common condition among hospitalized patients and significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality. The findings highlight the importance of cardiac care for COVID-19 patients in need.
Researchers analyzed data from nearly 5,000 adults and found that taking more steps was associated with a reduced risk of death. Higher step intensity also showed a significant association with lower mortality rates, suggesting that stepping is a crucial factor in overall health.
Nontrauma center hospitals are disproportionately close to mass shootings in the US, according to a recent study published in JAMA Surgery. The researchers found that these hospitals were the nearest to most of the mass shootings that occurred in 2019, with an average distance of just 1.8 miles.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics examined the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of fracture in children, analyzing data from Sweden. The research found a significant association between PPI use and increased risk of fracture in children.
The study found that hospitalized patients with severe lung injury in California used a variety of vaping products, including e-cigarettes and flavored pods. The most common products were JUUL e-liquids, which were linked to the majority of cases.
Researchers examined associations between two common weight-loss surgeries and type 2 diabetes outcomes, finding improved glycemic control and weight loss after five years. The study included 9,700 adults who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy, suggesting these procedures may help achieve diabetes remission.
Over a 12-year period, list and net prices for branded US drugs increased significantly. Discounts on these medications sometimes mitigated this rise in costs.
A study comparing the financial performance of large pharmaceutical companies and S&P 500 Index companies found that pharmaceutical firms consistently generated higher profits over the 18-year period. The analysis used data from annual financial reports and controlled for various factors such as market size and industry structure.
A study by Eleni Linos found significant pay disparities among clinical department chairs at state medical schools, with men earning higher salaries than women. The researchers investigated 29 state medical schools across 12 states and identified key factors contributing to these differences.
Researchers evaluated aorta dimensions in older competitive runners and rowers to examine the association between long-term endurance exercise and aorta enlargement. The study found a significant positive correlation between years of endurance exercise and aortic diameter.
An analysis of 27,504 unique student surveys found self-reported medical student mistreatment was common, with public humiliation being the most common type. The study highlights the variation in mistreatment rates among female, Asian, underrepresented minority, and LGBTQ+ students.
Analysis estimates health consequences of indoor tanning bans, including reduced skin cancer risk and economic benefits. The study found that implementing such regulations could save billions of dollars in healthcare costs annually.
A seven-year follow-up study found no difference in patient-rated quality of life or satisfaction with treatment between those treated with antibiotics and those who underwent appendectomy. Patients taking antibiotics later had an appendectomy were less satisfied, highlighting the importance of successful treatment outcome.
A study examining nonprofit hospital finances found that those with higher net income provided more charity care, while lower-income hospitals offered less. The analysis suggests a correlation between financial status and charitable healthcare services.
A study of 1,800 patients found that only about half of their medical orders regarding ICU admissions were consistent with their actual care near the end of life. The researchers also discovered that the likelihood of care being consistent with treatment-limiting orders varied depending on the type of chronic illness.
A new study found that many US medical specialty guidelines are vulnerable to conflicts of interest due to the approval process used by guideline development committees. Most societies require approval by a committee representing the society as a whole, which creates a potential conflict between professional and economic interests.
An economic evaluation of 3.3 million drug insurance claims found that implementing reference pricing was associated with physicians and patients adopting the least expensive alternative within a drug class. The study suggests that this policy change may have a positive impact on healthcare costs and access to essential medications.
A study published in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine found that people with conflicts of interest were more likely to provide positive testaments about psychiatric drug treatments. The authors recommend stricter management or prohibition of COIs to promote transparency and validity in the approval process.
A new Ohio law allowing pharmacists to dispense naloxone without a prescription has been linked to an increase in naloxone dispensing rates. The study found that the law resulted in more naloxone being made available to patients, potentially saving lives in opioid overdose situations.
Researchers compared opioid prescribing at discharge from Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, before and after a 2018 law change. The study found significant reductions in opioid prescribing rates following the law's implementation.
A study of 660,000 veterans found that those who experienced an infection within the first 30 days after surgery had a higher risk of subsequent infections and deaths. The research suggests that post-operative infections may have long-lasting consequences for patients' health.
A Canadian study found that provincial bans on electronic cigarette sales to minors were associated with significant reductions in e-cigarette use among young people. The findings suggest that strict regulations can be an effective way to curb the growing vaping epidemic among minors.
Researchers analyzed 30-day mortality rates following ED visits, finding a significant increase in deaths among elderly patients. The study used Medicare data from 2009 to 2016 and found that the 30-day death rate for emergency department visits increased significantly during this period.
A study found that first-generation immigrants who spend more time in the US are more likely to use prescription opioids. The study revealed a significant increase in opioid use from new to long-standing immigrants, with nonimmigrants also showing a higher rate of opioid use.
A study of 18,000 adolescents found that positive family relationships during adolescence were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms from adolescence to midlife. The benefit was greater for females than males, particularly during the early adult years.
A recent study estimated that 6.5% of US women between 18-44 had a forced first sexual intercourse experience, equivalent to over 3.3 million women. Women who experienced forced sex were more likely to have unwanted pregnancies or abortions, and other health problems.
A study analyzed 453,577 US suicides between 1999 and 2016, finding patterns at the county level. The research also uncovered associated geographic and community-level factors contributing to suicide rates.
A study comparing survey and sales data found that estimated total cigarette consumption in England fell by almost one-quarter between 2011 and 2018. The decline is equivalent to approximately 1.4 billion cigarettes per year, highlighting the need for continued tobacco control efforts.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) has developed a rigorous process for disclosing interests and managing conflicts of interest to ensure transparency, proportionality, and consistency in clinical guideline development. The process applies to all individuals involved in ACP's clinical guidelines and guidance statements.
A study of 1,400 elementary and junior high school students in Tokyo estimated the rate of nearsightedness. Nearsightedness was found to be relatively common among Japanese schoolchildren.
A study analyzed claims data from 5.4 million inpatient admissions and 13.6 million ED visits to in-network hospitals between 2010-2016. The percentage of ED visits and inpatient admissions with out-of-network bills increased, resulting in higher patient financial responsibility.
A study of nearly 79,000 individuals found that approximately 0.8% of the US population has a sesame allergy. The survey responses indicated that sesame allergy is more common among children and individuals with other food allergies.