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Science News Archive August 2020 - Page 36


Page 36 of 45

Simple approach tested in small group visually evaluates mask effectiveness against viral droplets

A new study tests the effectiveness of different types of masks in preventing the spread of droplets that contain SARS-CoV-2 virus particles. The findings suggest that professional-grade N95 masks, surgical or polypropylene masks, and handmade cotton masks may block much of the spray produced when wearers speak.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience Advances·DateAug 7, 2020

New DOE grant to develop catalysts for renewable energy generation

A new DOE grant will support research on developing efficient electrochemical systems for renewable energy generation and storage. Dr. Eranda Nikolla's project aims to design catalytically active sites in non-stoichiometric, mixed metal oxides for oxygen reduction and evolution.

SourceWayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research·DateAug 7, 2020

Smartwatch tracks medication levels to personalize treatments

Researchers developed a custom smartwatch that analyzes sweat to track medication levels in real-time. This wearable technology can help personalize treatment approaches by tailoring ideal drugs and dosages to individual needs.

SourceUniversity of California - Los Angeles·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 7, 2020
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Scientists discover curious clues in the war between cf bacteria

Researchers discover that Pseudomonas and Burkholderia use Type VI Secretion Systems to compete for dominance in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. As Pseudomonas adapts, it loses its competitive edge, allowing Burkholderia to establish infection.

SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalCell Host & Microbe·DateAug 7, 2020

Renewables in Europe: Land requirements can be reduced at low cost

A new study finds that transitioning to renewable energy in Europe can reduce land requirements by prioritizing offshore wind power and large solar parks. The study suggests that these alternatives can achieve a fully renewable electricity supply while minimizing additional costs.

SourceResearch Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) – Helmholtz Centre Potsdam·JournalPLOS ONE·DateAug 7, 2020

Inexpensive, accessible device provides visual proof that masks block droplets

A simple, low-cost device tests mask effectiveness in blocking droplet emissions during normal wear. The study found that N95 masks without valves and surgical/polypropylene masks perform well, while hand-made cotton face coverings provide good coverage, but bandanas and neck fleeces offer little protection.

SourceDuke University Medical Center·JournalScience Advances·DateAug 7, 2020
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

The last unknown

A global team of researchers has verified the checklist of vascular plants in New Guinea and surrounding islands, revealing a staggering 13,634 species. This finding confirms New Guinea as the world's richest island for plants, with 68% of its flora found only on the island.

SourceUniversity of Vermont·JournalNature·DateAug 7, 2020

Making N-C bond directly from N2: summary and perspective

Researchers discuss direct conversion of N2 into organic compounds via N-C bond formation, with potential applications in sustainable systems. The review highlights the challenges and limitations of current methods, but also outlines promising future research directions.

SourceScience China Press·JournalNational Science Review·DateAug 7, 2020

Novel approach reduces SCA1 symptoms in animal model

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered a novel mechanism to regulate ATXN1 levels, reducing protein accumulation and improving SCA1 symptoms. Gene therapy targeting the cerebellum showed promising results by lowering ATXN1 levels and enhancing motor coordination in animal models.

SourceBaylor College of Medicine·JournalGenes & Development·DateAug 7, 2020
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

The costs and benefits of addressing customer complaints

Researchers found that effective complaint handling strengthens relationships between companies and customers in certain industries and for customers with specific expectations. Companies should tailor their strategies to the unique needs of their customer base to maximize economic benefits from complaint management.

SourceAmerican Marketing Association·JournalJournal of Marketing·DateAug 7, 2020

Machine learning research may help find new tungsten deposits in SW England

A machine learning technique has been developed to identify potential tungsten deposits in SW England. The research applies multiple datasets to predict areas where tungsten mineralization is more likely to occur, revealing new insights for UK mineral exploration and potentially other metals globally.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalGeoscience Frontiers·DateAug 7, 2020

Authors' 'invisible' words reveal blueprint for storytelling

A study published in Science Advances reveals that common but invisible words like 'a', 'the', and 'it' follow a consistent pattern across most storylines, regardless of genre or format. The research team identified three stages: staging, plot progression, and cognitive tension, which reflect how humans optimally process information.

SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin·JournalScience Advances·DateAug 7, 2020

Training neural circuits early in development improves response, study finds

Researchers at the University of Illinois trained light-sensitive neurons using timed pulses of light during early cell development, leading to improved connections, responsivity, and gene expression. The early training resulted in long-lasting improvements, whereas cells trained later had transient responses.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalScientific Reports·DateAug 6, 2020
Creality K1 Max 3D Printer

Creality K1 Max 3D Printer rapidly prototypes brackets, adapters, and fixtures for instruments and classroom demonstrations at large build volume.

Sports settings may help engage Australian men in weight loss

A pilot study found that Australian men who participated in a sports-themed weight loss program increased physical activity and lost more weight compared to those in the control group. The program, which included 12 weekly sessions, was deemed feasible and cost-effective.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Medicine·DateAug 6, 2020

Long neck helped reptile hunt underwater

A new study has revealed that the long-necked reptile Tanystropheus was a surprisingly adaptable creature, living in water and hunting underwater. The researchers reconstructed its skull in unprecedented detail, showing adaptations for life in water, including long teeth for catching prey.

SourceUniversity of Zurich·JournalCurrent Biology·DateAug 6, 2020
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

New research offers a minimally invasive approach to deep brain stimulation

A new approach to deep brain stimulation using light-sensitive proteins and harmless viruses could provide a minimally invasive treatment option for brain disorders. The technique has shown promise in reducing symptoms of Parkinson's disease by targeting non-neuronal brain cells.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateAug 6, 2020

Children's pester power a future target for interventions

A new study found that children's pester power significantly influences their family's dietary intake and parenting practices. The research suggests that children's influence on their homes may be an underdeveloped potential target for future interventions.

SourceElsevier·JournalJournal of Nutrition Education and Behavior·DateAug 6, 2020

A closer look at water-splitting's solar fuel potential

Researchers at Berkeley Lab and JCAP develop new technique to map out nanoscale changes in bismuth vanadate, leading to improved oxygen production and reduced degradation. The study provides insight into the material's properties and their impact on water-splitting reactions.

SourceDOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory·JournalSmall·DateAug 6, 2020
Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only)

Sony Alpha a7 IV (Body Only) delivers reliable low-light performance and rugged build for astrophotography, lab documentation, and field expeditions.

Placebos prove powerful even when people know they're taking one

Researchers at Michigan State University found that nondeceptive placebos can reduce self-reported emotional distress and brain activity related to emotional events. The study showed a significant reduction in brain markers of emotional distress within just a couple of seconds, suggesting genuine psychobiological effects.

SourceMichigan State University·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 6, 2020

BCG vaccine is safe and does not lead to an increased risk of COVID-19 symptoms

A recent study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that the BCG vaccine is safe and does not increase the risk of COVID-19 symptoms. The research also suggests a cautiously positive picture, with lower numbers of sick people and extreme fatigue among vaccinated individuals during the pandemic.

SourceRadboud University Medical Center·JournalCell Reports Medicine·DateAug 6, 2020
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

What will our cities look like after COVID-19?

The pandemic is accelerating the implementation of urban changes, such as bicycle infrastructure and street calming projects. Cities are also exploring new uses for public spaces, like rooftop gardens, to promote wellbeing and community interaction.

SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalCities & Health·DateAug 6, 2020

Provider access to chronic opioid prescribing resources improves guideline adherance

A new study finds that providers participating in an intervention with education and resources are more likely to adhere to national chronic opioid therapy guidelines compared to those who do not take part. The intervention includes access to a nurse care manager, addiction specialists, and monitoring of prescription usage.

SourceBoston Medical Center·JournalClinical Infectious Diseases·DateAug 6, 2020

Are we medically intervening in maternity care when we don't need to?

Researchers found that reducing caesarean section rates among first-time mothers can result in substantial economic savings, with net present values of €1.1million and £9.8million per annual cohort. Improving vaginal births after c-sections also yields significant benefits, with net present values of €3.5M and £23.0M per annual cohort.

SourceTrinity College Dublin·JournalPLOS ONE·DateAug 6, 2020
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Study finds dedicated clinics can reduce impact of flu pandemic

A new study finds that dedicated clinics for treating influenza can limit disease spread and hospitalizations. By opening these clinics during peak prevalence periods, the number of infections can be reduced by 0.4-1.5% and peak prevalence can be flattened by 0.07-0.32%.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalPLOS ONE·DateAug 6, 2020

Large proportion of NHS workers may have already had COVID-19

A large proportion of UK healthcare workers may have already been infected with Covid-19, with many experiencing mild symptoms such as anosmia. The study found that nearly two-thirds of participants reported losing their sense of smell or taste between mid-February and mid-April.

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalThe Lancet Microbe·DateAug 6, 2020

New CT scanning method may improve heart massage

A new CT scanning method developed by researchers from Aarhus University and University of Leicester has shown how the chest and abdominal region of a deceased person move during simulated heart massage. This detailed information can help clarify important physiological mechanisms and improve resuscitation techniques.

SourceAarhus University·JournalResuscitation·DateAug 6, 2020
Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4)

Apple iPad Pro 11-inch (M4) runs demanding GIS, imaging, and annotation workflows on the go for surveys, briefings, and lab notebooks.

New studies highlight racial disparities among stroke patients with COVID-19

Two new studies reveal significant racial disparities in stroke patients with COVID-19, with African American patients facing higher mortality rates and poorer post-procedure management. The research highlights the need for further investigation into these disparities to reduce negative outcomes and improve patient care.

SourceSociety of NeuroInterventional Surgery·DateAug 6, 2020

Anode material for safe batteries with a long cycle life

Researchers at KIT and Jilin University developed lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries. LLTO enables higher energy density, power density, and charging rate while improving safety and cycle life.

SourceKarlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 6, 2020

Non-invasive nerve stimulation boosts learning of foreign language sounds

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and UCSF developed a non-invasive device that stimulates the vagus nerve to improve language learning. Participants showed significant improvements in distinguishing Mandarin tones, with some reaching peak performance twice as quickly as control participants.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·Journalnpj Science of Learning·DateAug 6, 2020
DJI Air 3 (RC-N2)

DJI Air 3 (RC-N2) captures 4K mapping passes and environmental surveys with dual cameras, long flight time, and omnidirectional obstacle sensing.

Digital buccaneers boost box office bang

Post-theatrical release piracy is connected to higher ticket sales due to increased word-of-mouth advertising. Movie studios should focus on preventing pirated copies from leaking online before release.

SourceUniversity of Georgia·JournalManagement Science·DateAug 6, 2020

Racial disparities in high-cost cancer treatment for children

A new study reveals racial disparities in high-cost proton radiotherapy for childhood cancer treatment, with Black and low-income children facing barriers to access. The research highlights the urgent need for equitable healthcare policies to ensure all children receive quality cancer care regardless of their race or socioeconomic status.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Oncology·DateAug 6, 2020

Identifying local solutions in the Barotse floodplain for sustainable agricultural development

Researchers employed a gendered ecosystem services approach with Lozi communities to identify locally relevant strategies for sustainable agricultural development. The study found that agroecological intensification, such as multiple cropping and agroforestry, can restore and maintain ecosystem services in cultivated lands while reduci...

SourceThe Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture·JournalInternational Journal of Agricultural Sustainability·DateAug 6, 2020
Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station

Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Weather Station offers research-grade local weather data for networked stations, campuses, and community observatories.

Small towns have highest risk of intimate partner violence

A recent study by Washington State University criminologist Kathryn DuBois found that women from small towns are most at risk of intimate partner violence, with a 27% higher likelihood of being victims compared to urban areas and 42% more likely than suburban women.

SourceWashington State University·JournalJournal of Interpersonal Violence·DateAug 6, 2020

Is the gut biome a heritable trait?

Researchers investigate how genetics influence rumen microbiome in cattle, seeking to identify host genomic markers for heritability. The study aims to manipulate microbiomes to enhance agricultural production and develop more sustainable cow-calf systems.

SourceUniversity of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture·DateAug 6, 2020

Cancer vs. COVID: When a pandemic upended cancer care

A team of researchers at Michigan Medicine developed a guide to help oncologists navigate difficult conversations with patients due to the pandemic. The guide provides three core communication strategies and examples of language that can be used to respond empathetically, addressing concerns around risk, delays, and changes in treatment.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJAMA Oncology·DateAug 6, 2020

New fossil discovery shows how ancient 'hell ants' hunted with headgear

Researchers have discovered a 99-million-year-old fossil of an ancient 'hell ant' that shows how it hunted its prey with deadly precision. The fossil, which is one of the oldest and most well-preserved ever found, reveals the mechanism behind the hell ant's unique mouthparts and headgear.

SourceNew Jersey Institute of Technology·JournalCurrent Biology·DateAug 6, 2020
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Chemists create the brightest-ever fluorescent materials

Researchers develop a new class of materials that can seamlessly transfer a compound's bright fluorescence to a solid state, overcoming a long-standing barrier. The breakthrough has potential applications in solar energy harvesting, bioimaging, and lasers.

SourceCell Press·JournalChem·DateAug 6, 2020

People who feel dizzy when they stand up may have higher risk of dementia

A new study published in Neurology found that people who experience a sudden drop in systolic blood pressure when standing up may be at higher risk of developing dementia years later. The study also showed that controlling these blood pressure drops could be a promising way to help preserve people's thinking and memory skills as they age.

SourceAmerican Academy of Neurology·JournalNeurology·DateAug 6, 2020
Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition

Sky & Telescope Pocket Sky Atlas, 2nd Edition is a durable star atlas for planning sessions, identifying targets, and teaching celestial navigation.

Mix of contaminants in Fukushima wastewater, risks of ocean dumping

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant's stored contaminated wastewater contains multiple radioactive isotopes with varying levels of risk. These include tritium, a relatively short-lived isotope, and other isotopes like carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90, which pose more complex hazards to humans and the environment.

SourceWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution·JournalScience·DateAug 6, 2020

New multiple myeloma therapy shows promise in preclinical study

A new alpha-radioimmunotherapy has proven effective in preventing tumor growth and increasing survival in multiple myeloma tumor-bearing mice. The therapy targets CD38 protein on tumoral cells and reduces unwanted radiation exposure on normal tissues.

SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateAug 6, 2020

Surgical delays for very early stage breast cancer not tied to worse survival outcomes

A new study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that surgical delays for very early stage breast cancer patients did not impact overall survival. In fact, increased time to surgery was associated with a small increase in pathological upstaging, but no significant difference in survival rates.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalJournal of the American College of Surgeons·DateAug 6, 2020

Surface tension, not gravity, drives viscous bubble collapse

Researchers challenge previous understanding of viscous bubble behavior, concluding that surface tension and dynamic stress are key drivers of bubble collapse. In viscous liquids, bubbles exhibit structural instability characterized by radial wrinkles around the periphery, a phenomenon previously attributed to gravity.

SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience·DateAug 6, 2020
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.