A research team led by Susan Bergeson has developed a new medication to treat alcohol use disorder, receiving a $7.25 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to begin testing the drug. The treatment targets neuroinflammation as a major pathway in AUD.
David T. Felson, a renowned Boston University rheumatologist, has been honored with the Lee C. Howley Prize from the Arthritis Foundation for his groundbreaking research on osteoarthritis (OA). His work has led to significant advances in understanding OA risk factors, treatments, and outcome measurement.
Simon Fraser University professors Paul Tupper and Caroline Colijn found that physical distancing reduces COVID-19 transmission in all settings. Social bubbles are more effective in high-transmission settings but less so in low-transmission settings or activities with mixing.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to quantify ChIP-seq results, eliminating the need for spike-ins and ensuring reproducibility. The sans-spike-in method defines a physical scale for sequencing results, allowing comparison between experiments.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have successfully created biochemical random numbers using DNA synthesis, correcting a long-standing challenge in generating truly random numbers. The team achieved this by synthesizing DNA molecules with randomly placed building blocks, resulting in vast quantities of randomness that can be stored in a small ...
Researchers found that a combination of AI and human coaches can effectively train bottom- and top-ranked sales agents, improving performance. The study suggests that tailored designs for targeted agents can overcome challenges faced by different types of sales agents.
A research team led by George Mason University's Jiayang Sun is examining the impact of patient transfers between hospitals on health outcomes. The study aims to inform training and education programs for future scientists, with funding from the National Institutes of Health.
A widely used tuberculosis vaccine is associated with reduced likelihood of contracting COVID-19, according to a new study by Cedars-Sinai. The BCG vaccine was found to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the risk of coronavirus infections or severity of the disease.
Researchers studied a speck of purple pigment from an Egyptian portrait, revealing that it was likely made synthetically and mixed with clay and beeswax. The discovery sheds new light on the cultural significance of ancient portraits and their artistic techniques.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism of action by which abnormal proteins cause indirect damage to neurons, leading to dendrite defects in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases. The study identifies a problematic transcription factor called NF-κB, which becomes improperly regulated due to the presence of abnormal proteins.
A new study found that IgM and IgA antibodies decay quickly, while IgG antibody levels are maintained for at least three months after infection. The study also showed that infected healthcare workers had higher levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2 compared to asymptomatic cases.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) resolved a severe lymphatic disorder in a girl with Noonan Syndrome by targeting the SOS1 gene pathway. The treatment, an MEK inhibitor, led to a resolution of symptoms within three months and complete remodeling of her lymphatic system.
Cristiana Stan, a George Mason University researcher, has received $195,313 from NOAA to develop a coupled ensemble weather prediction system. The system aims to improve medium-range and subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts by refining stochastic parameterizations and improving model coupling.
A plant species, Fritillaria delavayi, has evolved to become better camouflaged in areas with high human harvesting, increasing its survival chances. Human activity is found to be driving the evolution of camouflage in this species.
Researchers from Cornell University and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered evidence of massive floods in Gale Crater, suggesting conditions for microbial life. The flooding, likely caused by a meteoritic impact, deposited unique geological structures indicating flowing water and wind on Mars.
Researchers found substantial quantities of polyester, acrylic, nylon, and polypropylene fibres in snow samples from Mount Everest. The high-altitude discovery suggests microplastics could have been transported from lower altitudes by extreme winds or fragmented during expeditions.
Scientists from the University of Groningen discovered how strontium titanium oxide can change its resistance based on changes in the number of electrons or accumulation of oxygen vacancies. This finding opens up new paths to memristive heterostructures combining ferroelectric materials and graphene.
Scientists have experimentally tested models of SARS-CoV2 RNA folding to reveal key regulatory elements. The research provides a foundation for understanding viral control and preparation for future 'SARS-CoV3' threats.
Researchers are analyzing termites to assess their role in infecting ironwood trees with a deadly bacterium, which has killed over 20% of the island's gago trees. The team is also planting new, resistant trees and studying how termites spread the disease.
Researchers have uncovered new details of human ribosome maturation, revealing a crucial step in protein synthesis. The study identifies key enzymes and proteins involved in the final trimming step, which is essential for producing functional ribosomes.
A fundamental way cells interpret signals from their environment has been revealed by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The Hippo pathway, which constrains cell division and regulates organ size, can be activated by multiple signaling inputs.
A new University of Michigan study finds that over half of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals who misuse alcohol or tobacco also have a co-occurring psychiatric disorder. Women are particularly affected, with higher rates of anxiety, mood disorders, and PTSD compared to heterosexual women.
The updated HCM guideline emphasizes shared decision-making in the management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It provides recommendations on evaluation and management, medical therapies, septal reduction therapies, and SCD risk assessment/prevention. The guideline aims to personalize treatment options based on patient goals and concerns.
Researchers are using neutron scattering to study how the coronavirus interacts with human cells and develop treatments that target the cell membrane. By understanding how the virus enters cells, scientists hope to create therapies that can slow down viral infection and reduce its harmful effects.
A team of researchers has developed biocompatible protocells that can generate nitric oxide gas, leading to blood vessel expansion. The synthetic cells are coated in red blood cell fragments and contain an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted into nitric oxide.
A synthetic probe offers a safe approach for visualizing chromosome tips in living cells. The probe can precisely deliver a fluorescent compound to telomeres on the tips of chromosomes, enabling researchers to understand their relevance to disease and aging. This breakthrough advances research into aging and diseases like cancer.
A study by USF Health found that resident physicians are interested in treating opioid addiction but lack the knowledge and skills to prescribe buprenorphine. The survey also revealed that only 3% of residents were currently waivered, highlighting a need for increased training and support.
Researchers analyzed data from 11 US hospitals and found that 22% of COVID-19 patients who suffered cardiac arrest could be revived. After resuscitation, 12% survived for at least a month, with survival rates similar to pre-pandemic levels among non-New York hospitals.
Scientists at University of Tokyo identify genes that give plant nucleus its shape, also regulate copper tolerance. The discovery reveals fundamental knowledge about genome regulation and points towards future methods for manipulating gene expression.
A Rutgers University study finds states use unfair 'pay-to-stay' fees to recoup incarceration costs, often through civil lawsuits and wage garnishment. The practice disproportionately affects low-income individuals and can lead to significant financial burdens upon release.
Scientists at Swansea University have developed a way to extract carbon atoms from waste plastics and turn them into carbon nanotube format for transmitting electricity. The project aims to create long-range electricity transmission materials from waste plastics, advancing global energy sustainability.
New observational study shows that certain Amazon rainforest regions increase photosynthesis in response to limited water stress, contradicting Earth system models. This discovery suggests the current models overestimate carbon losses in the Amazon rainforest due to climate change.
Indonesian wildfires are a major issue due to their impact on the environment and human health. The project aims to investigate the causes and possible solutions to these fires. Experts believe that the drivers behind the peatland fires are a combination of climatic processes, land use, and ignition by humans.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center discovered that people's brain activity and organization differ when reimagining common scenarios, leading to distinct neurological signatures. These signatures can help understand and study disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers analyzed seven Da Vinci drawings using Nanopore sequencing, finding a dominance of bacteria over fungi, with many exhibiting human or insect microbiomes. The study also identified human DNA, likely introduced by restoration workers, and correlations with geographical location.
A new study published in Science Advances found that frequent and rapid testing can be more effective than sensitive tests in curbing the spread of COVID-19. By targeting contagious individuals with stay-at-home orders, the virus could be driven towards elimination within weeks.
A commentary discusses the need to weigh scientific validity against social value in COVID-19 vaccine development, highlighting concerns about long-term efficacy and safety. Vaccination efforts could intensify debates around early deployment, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues.
A new study reveals that rare small cat species in the Indian subcontinent are insufficiently protected, with broadleaved forests and wetlands being critical habitats.
Researchers aim to fill knowledge gaps on spina bifida by setting up an international registry of patients and investigating the role of folic acid in disease risk. The grant will also fund whole genome sequencing to identify potential causes and underlying mechanisms of the disease.
A study found that pediatric CT use for abdominal pain decreased from 1.2% to 0.6% between 1997 and 2016, while adult CT use increased from 3.9% to 37.8% during the same period., Children evaluated in pediatric EDs were at lower odds of receiving CT than those in general EDs for abdominal pain with appendicitis diagnosis.
A study found that food labelling can encourage manufacturers to improve product nutrition. HSR labelling causes some products to become healthier, with positive reformulation examples including reduced fat and sodium content in instant soups and flavoured crackers.
Researchers have developed a new method for deploying CRISPR/Cas9 directly into target cells using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) coated with green tea phytochemicals. This approach has the potential to reduce costs and increase safety compared to existing viral methods, which are currently the only approved methods in trial globally.
A new paper offers a framework for studying online hate and counter speech, analyzing millions of Twitter interactions. Researchers found that organized movements are more effective than individuals in countering hate speech.
A study of 1 million Danish children found that growing up in low-income families increases the risk of developing mental disorders later in life. Children born into the lowest parental income quintile had a 25.2% chance of developing a clinically diagnosed mental disorder by age 37.
Researchers developed a highly efficient and long-lasting electrocatalyst for water oxidation using cobalt, iron, and ruthenium. The single atomic alloy catalyst's surface oxygen adsorption stabilizes the catalytic intermediate, increasing overall efficiency.
The European Society of Cardiology, Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology, and Asean Federation of Cardiology will present cutting-edge sessions on various aspects of cardiovascular disease. Key findings include discussions on COVID-19, acute coronary syndromes, sports cardiology, and atrial fibrillation.
Researchers found that zebra finches can distinguish between 16-56 different birds based on their unique sounds, a feat previously thought possible only for humans. The birds' ability to recognize each other's vocalizations suggests sophisticated social communication and complex mapping skills.
Researchers have found that gut immune cells express an antibody called IgA, which helps protect against harmful bacteria and may help bring flare-ups under control. This discovery opens up new lines of research for therapeutics and suggests a potential new player in managing MS symptoms.
Researchers found an inverse correlation between mumps IgG titers and COVID-19 severity in vaccinated individuals. Those with higher mumps antibody levels had lower disease severity, suggesting the MMR vaccine may be protective against COVID-19.
Researchers from University of Turku developed a new bioinformatics tool to predict microbial sensitivity to glyphosate. The tool classifies 80-90% of microbial species as sensitive or resistant, with 54% of human core gut bacterial species potentially affected.
A recent study has discovered a cell type that governs bone formation and maintenance, shedding light on the mechanisms behind osteoporosis. Researchers found that bone marrow adipogenic lineage precursors (MALPs) play a distinct role in regulating bone remodeling, and targeting these cells could lead to more effective therapies.
A case study reveals the effectiveness of calcium channel blockers like diltiazem in treating acute myocardial infarction due to variant angina. Nitrates are also found to be efficient therapy, inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation and arterial matrix protein synthesis.
Researchers found that pairs of antibodies targeting different parts of the viral spike protein can prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection at lower doses than single antibodies. This approach may help reduce the chance of the virus mutating and becoming resistant to antibody treatments.
Researchers used computer modeling to investigate the mechanisms behind silent hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. They found that a combination of biological factors, including damaged lung tissue, blood clotting, and air-to-blood flow mismatch, contribute to low oxygen levels. This understanding can inform treatment decisions for clinicians.
Research found that people focus more on the present when with others, while focusing on past and future when alone. Social interactions boost anxiety and anger, but alleviate sadness.
Researchers observed that monarch caterpillars become more aggressive in the absence of milkweed, their primary food source. The study revealed that limited food availability triggers an attack response among caterpillars, highlighting a previously unexplored aspect of insect behavior.
Forensic experts at Flinders University developed a system to trace dust DNA for terrorist investigations, matching soil profiles from specific regions or countries. This technique complements existing forensic intelligence tools and provides evidence of travel history.
Researchers developed a nanopowder made of sodium titanate nanofibers that can efficiently capture Co2+ ions, increasing surface area for improved removal efficiency. The seaweed-like morphology enhances the filter's ability to remove hazardous heavy metals and radionuclides from water.
A study of over 25,000 female health professionals found that a Mediterranean-style diet was associated with a 30% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The diet's impact on insulin resistance, body mass index, and inflammation were key factors in this reduced risk.
A phase 2 trial of the Oxford COVID-19 vaccine found it to be safe and provokes an immune response in healthy older adults, who are at a disproportionate risk of severe COVID-19 disease. The vaccine induces both T cell and antibody responses in older and younger adults, suggesting potential protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2.