A team led by Doug MacMartin will model the effects of introducing reflective aerosols into the stratosphere to reduce Earth's temperature and limit climate change impact. The research aims to better understand the benefits and risks of this approach, with the goal of informing society's decisions.
Researchers created a new type of machine learning model to predict power-conversion efficiency of materials for next-generation organic solar cells. The approach is quick and easy to use, providing important data on chemical fragments that affect performance.
A University of Arizona-led study suggests that excessive TV viewing can lead to increased stress in parents, particularly when children are exposed to more advertising messages. Collaborative communication with children is found to be a effective strategy in reducing parent stress.
Researchers used zebrafish with genetic mutations similar to those found in humans with Fragile X syndrome and autism to study sound sensitivity. The study revealed that the brains of these fish processed auditory information differently than normal fish, with more activity in the hindbrain and thalamus.
Researchers from EPFL have successfully produced a mouse heart organoid in its early embryonic stages using mouse embryonic stem cells. The study mimics the early stages of heart development in the embryo, preserving crucial interactions necessary for embryonic organogenesis.
Researchers found that Christian nationalist values among non-churchgoers were strongly tied to voting for Trump. In contrast, churchgoers' support for Trump was not influenced by their level of Christian nationalism. The study challenges the idea that the religious vote for Trump was driven by Christian leaders and institutions.
A randomized clinical trial found that e-cigarette use combined with individual counseling significantly increased quit rates compared to counseling alone. The study concluded that e-cigarette assistance can be an effective complement to traditional counseling services for smokers trying to quit.
Researchers used conductive fillers like single-walled carbon nanotubes to improve battery performance. The study found that combining NCM electrodes with as little as 0.16% by weight of SWCNT produced good electrical conductivity.
A recent study published in BMC Medicine found that people with low aerobic and muscular fitness are nearly twice as likely to experience depression. The study also found a 60% greater chance of anxiety in individuals with low fitness levels over a seven-year follow-up.
Researchers found that inducing liver regeneration with thyroid hormone boosted CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction, achieving 10.8% and 3.5% efficiency rates in neonatal and adult mice respectively. This discovery could lead to more efficient gene therapy for human diseases.
Researchers from MIPT and Harvard have developed an algorithm to automate the process of growing retinal cells in vitro, reducing processing time from two hours to 34 minutes. The approach enables high-throughput tissue production for drug tests and cell transplantation experiments.
A new study from Lund University found that high temperatures can limit insects' ability to reproduce and tolerate changes in temperature. Insects, being cold-blooded, rely on external sources for body temperature regulation, making them vulnerable to overheating.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have made significant breakthroughs in designing brain-like devices by predicting design rules for energy-efficient transition states. The study, published in npj Computational Materials, highlights the potential of oxide materials to mimic the behavior of neurons and synapses in the human brain.
A recent study found that racial/ethnic minorities comprise only a small percentage of patients with AL amyloidosis, despite being theoretically at higher risk. Younger age and more severe illness were observed among minority patients, who were also less likely to undergo aggressive treatment with stem cell transplantation.
A single clinical laboratory test has been developed to detect any infection from any body fluid, without special handling or processing. The test employs powerful DNA-sequencing technology and relies on specially developed analytical software to compare DNA sequences in the sample to massive genomic databases.
The study reveals that mosses like Ceratodon purpureus have spread across the globe by hitching rides on prevailing winds. This discovery highlights their ability to thrive in various environments and challenges our understanding of how airborne organisms disperse.
The VA Integration Support Program provides $50,000 grants to VA medical centers to facilitate veteran enrollment in SWOG and NCTN trials. This initiative aims to increase access to targeted treatments and immunotherapies for veterans with cancer.
A 3D-printed weather station was found to be accurate and viable for shorter campaigns, according to researchers. The low-cost sensors measured temperature, pressure, rain, UV, and relative humidity with accuracy comparable to commercial-grade stations.
Researchers developed machine learning models predicting critical events and mortality in COVID-19 patients using electronic health records. The models identified key drivers of critical illness, including acute kidney injury and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and predicted outcomes at various time windows.
Researchers have discovered a key enzyme SphK2 that suppresses the immune system's response to viral infections. The study found that inhibiting this enzyme can clear persistent viral infections and treat some types of cancer by promoting activation of the immune system.
Scientists have developed a platform using DNA self-assembly to create 3D nanoscale architectures that can conduct electricity without resistance. These structures can be used in signal amplifiers, ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors, and other quantum devices.
The collaboration aims to develop a small molecule drug targeting inflammatory cell trafficking in the gut, offering a safe alternative to current treatments for IBD. The company will apply its proprietary approach to develop antagonists of integrin targets.
A USask physicist is leading a world-first collaboration to develop a compact, precise magnetometer using diamond-based technology. The new device has potential applications in geological prospecting, medicine, and quantum computing.
Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method for creating ultrafast laser experiments on uncharged iron oxide clusters, which could lead to the creation of more efficient industrial catalysts. The study reveals how changes in atomic composition affect stability and reactivity of these fragments.
New research at Uppsala University reveals Swedish, Finnish and Russian wolves share a common genetic constitution, indicating a virtually pure origin from Finland and Russia. Genetic analysis of over 200 wolf samples found no evidence of hybridization with dogs in the Fennoscandian wolf population.
Two new papers address outstanding ethical issues in BCI technology, including physical and psychological effects, and offer guidance for addressing those issues. The studies also explore the potential of BCI technologies for cognitive enhancement and highlight the need for more public engagement with the field.
A report by the Academy of Medical Sciences highlights the need for improved UK COVID-19 testing services to combat future health challenges. The experts propose investment in innovative testing methods, including pooling multiple samples and adopting a more flexible approach to regulation, as well as ensuring a sustainable workforce.
A clinical trial combining a personalized cancer vaccine with Pembrolizumab has reported a 50% response rate for patients with head and neck cancer, significantly higher than previous trials without the vaccine. The preliminary data, presented by Dr. Julie Bauman, is promising and suggests the treatment is safe and tolerable.
A new predictive model estimates personal risk for advanced polyps and colon cancer in average risk individuals, helping physicians determine screening options. The study identifies lower and higher risk groups among average risk individuals, with approximately 10% deemed high risk for a colonoscopy.
A study found that a molecular system regulates electrical signals in the brain, enabling learning and memory. The research also identified a molecule that controls this process, which could lead to new treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's.
Researchers have developed a method to modify microbes for efficient production of compounds using computational models and CRISPR-based gene editing. This approach speeds up the research and development phase, enabling faster commercialization of sustainable bio-based products.
A study published in iScience explores the behavior of humans controlling a shared avatar in virtual reality. The research found that participants exhibited superior reaction times and more straight movements with the shared avatar compared to individual control.
Researchers found that mid-range levels of an immune marker at birth are associated with the lowest risk for autism spectrum disorder. Babies born with high levels of inflammation had a higher risk of developing ASD.
A randomized clinical trial found that vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and strength-training exercise program improved blood pressure and cognitive function in older adults. The study also investigated the combination of these interventions, which showed even greater benefits.
The TEAL respirator features sensors to detect proper wear and filter saturation, achieving a 100% success rate for fit testing. It can be sterilized and reused up to 100 cycles without significant loss of elasticity.
St Petersburg University researchers found that lack of TAAR5 leads to higher dopamine neurons and increased adult neurogenesis, potentially treating neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. TAAR5 is present in neurogenic areas and regulates adult neurogenesis.
Northern Arizona University researcher Jeff Foster leads an international effort to study and track the spread of brucellosis, infecting an estimated 500,000 people annually. The team aims to understand how infected livestock transmit the disease to humans and develop effective control strategies.
Researchers developed biodegradable esophageal stents using 3D printing to treat radiation esophagitis, promoting tissue regeneration and mitigating inflammatory reactions. This breakthrough could improve patient outcomes and quality of life for those suffering from this condition.
Scientists at KAUST create a perovskite ink suitable for mass production using slot-die coating, improving solar cell efficiency to up to 21.8%. The ink can also be coated onto silicon to produce tandem solar cells capturing even more of the Sun's energy.
A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry found that loneliness is highest in the 20s due to lower empathy, compassion, and self-efficacy. Levels of loneliness decrease in the 60s, with smaller social networks and sleep disturbances being consistent predictors across all age groups.
The USPSTF found that high blood pressure affects 3-4% of children and teens in the US, but recommends no routine screening due to lack of evidence. The organization suggests no routine screening for children without hypertension or symptoms.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a DNA-based approach to forecast ecosystem changes, identifying complex networks of species interactions in terrestrial systems. The technique analyzes DNA left behind in animal feces, allowing scientists to quantify indirect links among species and predict impacts on biodiversity.
A new NSF-funded project at Georgia State University will examine the operation of illicit supply chains used for virtual products and services. The research team will generate low-cost but powerful tools to counter online offenders and provide empirical evidence to inform policy and law enforcement interventions.
Researchers found that cold atmospheric plasma can kill the novel coronavirus on surfaces such as plastic, metal, and leather within 30 seconds. The treatment uses argon-fed plasma and has been shown to be effective against other viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
A RAND Corporation study highlights the need for policies and approaches to overcome barriers in integrating family caregivers into healthcare teams. The report suggests investing in programs that provide supportive services for family caregivers and expanding access to care coordinators to facilitate effective communication and inform...
Researchers found a 17% increase in the likelihood of having a baby with fetal macrosomia among women in relatively strenuous jobs. The study highlights potential inadequacies in workplace accommodation laws and urges lawmakers to consider the impact on maternal and fetal health.
The papaya mealybug, native to Mexico, can have severe impacts on livelihoods and food security, with a 65% yield loss in Ghana. Researchers mapped potential global spread using location data from India, Africa, and the Americas, highlighting areas such as southern DRC, northern Cameroon, and western Ethiopia.
Recent studies have revealed that cardiovascular adverse events, such as heart failures and arrhythmias, are common in cancer patients treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival rates for breast cancer patients but come with a risk of cardiac damage.
The U.S. Department of Defense has awarded Adranos a $2.1 million contract to further develop its high-performance solid rocket fuel ALITEC for long-range missile systems. This funding will support the expansion of ALITEC's utilization in prototype and operational systems, enhancing the military's range, performance, and lethality.
Using FDA-approved treatments increases the likelihood of success, but many smokers still struggle to quit. New research finds e-cigarettes containing nicotine are more effective than other therapies, including nicotine-free options and behavioral counseling.
Researchers from Skoltech have created a universal approach for predicting material properties based on their chemical composition. By assigning a Mendeleev number (MN) to each element, they have shown that this system is more effective than empirical solutions in identifying promising compounds with unique properties.
A comprehensive review synthesizes neurobiology of mindfulness, motivation, and learning to explain how MBIs promote behavior change. Mindfulness training increases interoceptive awareness, allowing patients to recognize and respond to negative thought patterns and cultivate self-compassion.
A new primate species, the Popa langur, has been discovered in central Myanmar, with only 200-250 individuals remaining due to habitat loss and hunting. Genetic analysis reveals it separated from known species around 1 million years ago.
Research from Penn State Clinical and Translational Science Institute finds significant increases in diseases of despair diagnoses, including alcohol-, substance-, and suicide-related disorders. The rates increased by 37%, 94%, and 170% between 2007 and 2018, with the most substantial percentage increase among men ages 35 to 74.
A randomized controlled trial found that regular walnut consumption reduced inflammation in healthy older adults, associated with lower risk of heart disease. The study suggests walnuts' anti-inflammatory effects may provide a mechanistic explanation for cardiovascular disease reduction.
Two University of Arizona research teams will explore the origins and evolution of life in the universe using $12 million NASA grants. Led by Betül Kaçar and Dániel Apai, the teams will investigate essential attributes of life and its relationship with metal elements on ancient Earth and potential habitability on alien planets.
A recent study suggests that bacteria can extract useful materials from rocks on Mars and the Moon, paving the way for new technologies to support human exploration and settlement. The findings also highlight the potential of microorganisms to enhance the removal of rare earth elements from lunar and Martian landscapes.
Researchers at the University of Exeter and Plymouth found that animal groups consider various factors, such as group cohesion, individual strength, and prize importance, before deciding to fight. This study highlights complexity in group conflicts and provides insights into conflict resolution in humans.
Research published in top US family medicine journals saw a significant increase in female authors, from 29% to 42% between 2008 and 2017. Grant funding and co-author presence influenced gender distribution in research output.
Researchers at Stanford University and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory propose a new explanation for the source of powerful eruptions on Europa's icy surface. The model suggests that water pockets embedded in the ice shell itself could be the origin of these eruptions, rather than the subsurface ocean.
A new study finds that burnout has a greater impact on work stress than vice versa, leading to a downward spiral of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced performance. Providing adequate support and promoting employee control are key to preventing this cycle.
Researchers from Osaka University have successfully polished a single-crystal diamond wafer to near-atomic smoothness using plasma-assisted polishing, which could enable the material's use in high-performance power devices and heat sinks. The technique avoids damaging the crystal structure and preserves its chemical properties.
A new gene therapy project at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience seeks to repair brain damage caused by MS by identifying molecules that stimulate myelin and axon repair. The goal is to develop a drug promoting functional recovery of the nervous system, potentially revolutionizing treatment for advanced MS.
A study published in Radiology found that digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with synthetic mammography improved cancer detection rates compared to traditional digital mammography. The technique reduced radiation exposure and detected a higher proportion of early-stage cancers, particularly among women with dense breasts.
A Stanford-led team created a computer model that accurately predicted the spread of COVID-19 in 10 major cities by analyzing three factors: daily destinations, duration, and crowd density. The model reveals that most infections occur at 'superspreader' sites and disproportionately affect minority and low-income populations.
A study by UMass Amherst researchers found that postpartum care visits often fall short, with women receiving only 91.1% of recommended blood pressure screenings and just 8.7% depression screenings. The researchers analyzed data from over 20 million visits and identified room for improvement in the delivery of postpartum care.
A study found a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (60.5%) among the Xavante population, with severe cases threatening sight. The researchers used a portable retinograph to detect diabetic retinopathy and found 16 cases, highlighting the need for screening in remote communities.
About 9% of trans adults in the US access hormones from non-licensed sources, posing health and safety risks. Lack of insurance coverage is a top issue affecting transgender people, ranked second only to direct violence.
Two distinct maternal lineages have been identified in rice through a study of over 3000 genotypes. This discovery sheds light on how rice adapted to its environment and could help improve breeding for climate change adaptation and food security.
A new survey more than doubles the known number of copies of Isaac Newton's groundbreaking science book, challenging the idea that it was only read by expert mathematicians. The research suggests that the Principia was widely read and comprehended in 17th-century Europe.
Researchers found that competing groups of insectivores consume the same type of food, such as chironomids, which could lead to an unprecedented ecocatastrophe. The study sheds new light on the decline in insect populations and highlights the potential cascading effects on ecosystems.
A University of Oregon study finds three-fold benefits in muni market efficiency since the Real-time Transaction Reporting System was launched. Timely disclosure reduces transaction costs and increases municipal trading volume across liquidity levels, benefiting all stakeholders.
Empathy and perspective-taking are two essential social skills that enable us to form connections with others. A recent study reveals that both abilities are processed in the brain by a 'main network' specialized in empathy or changing perspective, which is activated in every social situation.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed a technique to guide bacterial colonies into creating highly customized three-dimensional objects made of nanocellulose. The objects show great potential for medical use, including supporting tissue regeneration and replacing damaged organs.
Researchers discovered a new overlapping gene in SARS-CoV-2 that has the potential to encode a protein longer than expected by chance. The gene, ORF3d, has been independently identified and shown to elicit a strong antibody response in COVID-19 patients.
The University of Texas at San Antonio's Bexar County Fostering Educational Success Housing First Project aims to address critical housing needs of at least 25 students pursuing college degrees each year. The program provides rental assistance, wrap-around support, and educational resources for 12-24 months to support degree completion.
Hady Salloum and his team at Stevens Institute of Technology will commercialize an underwater security system to protect ports, ships, and supply chains from surface and underwater intruders. The system uses patented technology to detect human divers and small boats, ensuring safer travel, shipping, and logistics.
A University of Kansas study found that demolishing over 500 abandoned homes in Kansas City did not significantly reduce nearby violent or property crime. Instead, socioeconomic and housing characteristics were stronger predictors of change in crime rates.
Women with premature menopause are at higher risk of developing coronary artery disease due to the presence of clonal hematopoiesis in their blood cells. The study found a 36% increased likelihood of clonal hematopoiesis and a 48% higher risk of coronary artery disease among women with premature menopause.
Researchers propose a new approach to create lifelike robots by integrating materials science, mechanical engineering, computer science, biology and chemistry. This Physical AI can help humans in tasks that are dangerous or impossible for them, such as medicine and security.
A meta-analysis of eight randomized clinical trials found that low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer-caused death by 0.4%, translating to one preventable death per 250 at-risk adults. The study suggests the benefits may outweigh potential harms from overdiagnosis, aligning with US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations.
A Cornell University-led collaboration has created a new 3D printing technique that produces cellular metallic materials at supersonic speeds, resulting in mechanically robust and porous structures. These structures are 40% stronger than similar materials made with conventional manufacturing processes.
Researchers identified a genetic signature in localized prostate cancer that can predict metastasis and treatment response. The signature, called META-16, was highly effective at predicting time to metastasis and response to anti-androgen therapy.
Researchers found epigenetic biomarkers that indicate chronic stress in commercially raised chickens, potentially leading to improved animal welfare and quality meat. The study suggests a diagnostic tool could be developed to track recurrent stress in production animals.
The Michigan Translational Research and Commercialization program awarded Wayne State researchers $270,000 to develop transformative innovation projects in AI, AR, and intelligent automation. The funding will support projects led by Jeremy Rickli, Ming Dong, and Arash Javanbakht, aiming to bring disruptive solutions to the market.
A new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation shows that simultaneous robotic-assisted kidney transplant and weight loss surgery is safe for obese patients. The procedure resulted in a significant reduction in surgical complications and improved cardiac function, with all patients experiencing a substantial weight loss.
Researchers found that methylation of a specific region in the IGF2 gene, known as DVDMR, determines IGF2 protein expression levels in breast cancer. High IGF2 levels are associated with increased BC aggressiveness and metastasis.
Studying arterial deposits, researchers found that activated immune cells accumulated on the interior arterial wall, causing damage to the arterial lining. This discovery suggests a misguided adaptive immune response is involved in heart attacks, holding promise for personalized treatments and prevention of clinical complications.
Researchers observed Asian short-clawed otters solving food puzzles twice, several months apart, with the otters solving it 69% faster on average. This suggests a capacity for long-term memory and provides evidence of 'social learning,' where one otter's solution is quickly adopted by its closest friends.
A team of researchers from Australia, India, and Bangladesh have developed a neuron-growing ink that uses the body's own electrical signals to guide the growth of nerve cells. The bioconductive ink can be printed in lines to direct where neurons grow, cracking a major challenge in nerve engineering.
Research finds that buprenorphine therapy in primary care can be financially sustainable, with rural practices and physician-led treatment generating the most revenue. Effective hearing loss screening also shows promise, with increased referral rates to audiology specialists leading to improved health outcomes.
Researchers at Charité and Tel Aviv University are investigating the causes of drug tolerance in invasive fungal pathogens. They aim to identify molecular pathways that explain this phenomenon and develop new treatments for life-threatening fungal infections.
A study by the University of Bristol found that urban gulls adjust their foraging patterns to coincide with human activity, such as school breaks and waste centre opening hours. This adaptability helps them thrive in cities by maximizing energy intake from fluctuating food sources.
A new study from the University of Georgia found that physical education is more important for kids' fitness than BMI. Students who were overweight but active in PE were more likely to stay active after school.
The Substantial Gainful Activity Project found that vocational rehabilitation services can increase earnings for individuals with disabilities. The project demonstrated a 17 percentage point increase in clients with a signed individualized plan for employment and an 8 percentage point increase in closures with competitive employment.
The EAR-PC study found that 25% of patients over 55 had signs of hearing loss and referral rates increased by 10-fold after electronic prompts. The findings suggest effective hearing loss screening in primary care can improve health outcomes for older adults.
Research at Humane Society International found that human organoid models outperform xenografts in predicting patient responses and developing new medicines. Funding for human biology-based approaches remains scarce, highlighting a need to accelerate the transition to more effective non-animal technologies.
Researchers have detected a sub-glacial lake bed in northwest Greenland, containing unique fossil and chemical traces of past climates and life. The discovery may hold valuable insights into the glacial, climatological and environmental history of the region.
A recent study found that declining teenage pregnancy rates in England are related to local areas experiencing less youth unemployment, growing Black or South Asian teenage populations, and more educational attainment. The study also suggests that unaffordable housing and a lack of social housing contribute to lower conception rates.
Researchers identified at least 87 regions in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence that form compact structures, with at least 10% under strong evolutionary selection pressure. These structures are potential targets for small-molecule drugs and could be effective against future new virus strains.
Scientists have identified two paralogous androgen receptor genes that control social status in African cichlid fish, shedding light on the molecular basis of social hierarchy. These findings suggest independent mechanisms for regulating coloration and behavior, providing a framework for studying human social dominance.
Treating opioid addiction with buprenorphine in primary care can be financially sustainable, according to a microsimulation model. Physician-led treatment and shared medical visits with nurse care managers yield the greatest net revenue gains.
Researchers found that generating content during experiences increases immersion and enjoyment. People tend to create content that is directly relevant to their current experience, with positive effects on evaluations. Marketers can encourage consumers to generate content by offering incentives or social norms nudges.
A study by the University of Bristol found that Trump's tweets systematically divert attention away from harmful topics to unrelated issues representing his political strengths. This diversion significantly reduces negative media coverage of the harmful topic the next day.
A Cornell-led team is using robots with computer vision to optimize apple yields by controlling fruit numbers per tree. This can increase total crop values by $7,000 per acre, helping growers meet market demand for fruit size and quality.
A study by RUDN University linguists found that vocabulary size in a foreign language impacts the ability to distinguish between vowel sounds. Russian and English speakers were tested on their ability to match L2 vowels with those of their native tongue, regardless of their vocabulary size.
Scientists have developed an optical elastography technique that can detect biomechanical alterations in cells and tissues non-invasively. The new technique uses Brillouin microscopy to highlight microscopic processes driving mechanical modification in biological tissues.
Patient clinical data leverages reduce healthcare spending and utilization by reminding patients for preventive services, setting health goals, and improving quality improvement. Practices with targeted outreach and population health monitoring also see lower Medicare spending and utilization
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System are searching for biomarkers to predict the duration and severity of depression in adolescents. The goal is to identify teens who need more significant help with their depression, potentially leading to new treatments.
A new biomaterial-based cancer vaccine has shown promise in treating aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in mice, with 100% survival rate after a subsequent injection of cancer cells. The vaccine combines chemotherapy and immunotherapy to generate a sustained anti-cancer response.
Research by Matthew Staymates found N95 masks with exhalation valves ineffective at filtering respiratory droplets. Masks without valves block most droplets, making them a more effective choice for disease prevention.
Researchers in the FIThydro project developed new assessment methods and technologies to reduce negative ecological effects of hydropower plants. They also created a decision support system to help operators plan and assess hydropower plants, taking into account environmental policy requirements and international regulatory guidelines.
A recent meta-analysis of 5,188 studies reveals that crop diversification enhances ecosystem services while maintaining or improving crop yields. This 'win-win' result has significant implications for agriculture and the environment.
The project aims to study lower limb joint loading in active older adults engaged in sport using the VSimulators facility. The pilot data will contribute to designing a bespoke sports shoe for this demographic.
A new primary care tool, CommunityRx-H3, has been implemented to prescribe referrals for community health and social services. The study found that practice facilitators play a key role in implementing quality improvement initiatives, but face barriers such as limited time and lack of integration with the EMR system.
A survey of neurosurgical community members reveals widespread sexual harassment, with women more likely to report witnessing or experiencing it. The study highlights the need for a cultural shift in the profession to address the issue and prevent burnout among female neurosurgeons.
Researchers found that galaxy clusters today are 4 million degrees Fahrenheit, 10 times hotter than 10 billion years ago. The team used data from telescopes and space missions to measure the temperature of gas concentrations over time, confirming a theory about dark matter.
Researchers found evidence of a large volcanic cause of the largest mass extinction, with sedimentary mercury enrichments detected in rocks from the end of the Permian period. The study suggests that high-temperature volcanic combustion contributed to global warming and the loss of land and marine creatures.
Two studies suggest that older adults aged 70 and over with elevated LDL cholesterol levels have the highest incidence of heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol-lowering therapies, including statins, are as effective at reducing cardiovascular events in this age group as they are in younger people.
A study found that exoskeleton vests can help nurses by reducing physical strain, but further development is needed to make them comfortable and safe. The technology has the potential to improve care work and alleviate musculoskeletal disorders.
A new study reveals that astrocytes can remove cellular debris from the brain when microglia are impaired. This finding could lead to new therapies accelerating debris clearance and reducing neurodegenerative diseases.
Computer simulations show that neutron star mergers can lead to black hole formation under specific conditions. The threshold mass for collapse depends on the properties of dense nuclear matter.
A synthetic protein nanoparticle has been developed that can deliver cancer-killing drugs directly to malignant brain tumors. In a study, the treatment led to long-term survival in seven out of eight mice with glioblastoma, with no signs of regrowing tumor cells.
A recent study found that maternal body condition and stress hormone levels can affect the traits of jacky dragon offspring, including gender and growth rate. The research suggests that thermal opportunity may play a role in conveying environmental information from mother to offspring.
Researchers created airflow videos showing how exhalation valves on masks defeat the purpose of slowing COVID-19 spread. The videos, published in Physics of Fluids, demonstrate that air can leave masks unfiltered through valves, reducing mask effectiveness.
The journal CrystEngComm has published a special issue to mark the Cambridge Structural Database's (CSD) milestone, featuring 33 papers showcasing diverse research enabled by the database. The CSD, curated by the CCDC, offers insights into solid-state and crystalline materials, from bond nature to MOF discovery.
A large-scale study found that electrical stimulation of the throat improved swallowing problems in patients with neurological conditions, allowing them to be discharged from hospital. The treatment was safe and easy to use, with most patients showing significant improvement in their ability to swallow.
A machine learning-based approach mapped key areas of COVID-19 research, revealing prioritized topics such as health care response, clinical manifestations, and psychosocial impact. The study also shows growing trends in protective measures and immunology research.
A study published in eLife found that individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit pessimistic beliefs are more likely to experience relapse. The study suggests that the way patients update their beliefs can be used as a risk prediction tool, allowing for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Mangrove forests are under pressure from three distinct threats: sea-level rise, lack of mud supply, and squeezed habitats. The study found that river dams decrease mud supply, while buildings and seawalls occupy space required for mangroves' survival.
Researchers have identified a gene, VSIG1, that prevents the development of metastatic tumour cells, enabling targeted therapies to be developed. The study validates the use of spiked-scRNAseq technology for testing drugs against metastases, including personalized approaches.
Potentially preventable hospitalizations among older adults are more common among Black and Hispanic Americans. Researchers found that increasing primary care access and affordable healthcare can reduce these hospitalizations.
A study found that consuming lactisole-supplemented sucrose increased energy intake and reduced serotonin levels in male subjects, suggesting a role for the sweet taste receptor in satiety regulation. The effect was not observed with glucose supplementation.
A Dutch study found that SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs between humans and minks, as well as within mink populations. The virus was initially introduced by humans, evolving over time.
A new study published in BMJ Quality & Safety shows significant reductions in opioid prescribing and consumption after surgery, with no increase in patient pain or satisfaction. The study's findings suggest that team-based approaches to reducing opioid use can lead to sustained success and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers found that repulsion between electrons is suddenly counteracted by an additional attractive force, enabling counterintuitive effects. This phenomenon could help understand unconventional types of superconductivity and explain divergences that pose a challenge for research.
Researchers have created a map of the proton-activated chloride channel (PAC), a protein that can help brain cells survive during stroke. Understanding its structure, they hope to develop ways to reduce permanent damage caused by acidosis and improve medical outcomes.
Researchers have successfully combined radar and optical observations to study interplanetary dust, gaining insights into meteor mass and composition. By correlating subtle signals in radar data with detailed optical information, scientists can now explore comets and aspects of solar system evolution.
Ali Abolmaali, chair of UTA's civil engineering department, is a recognized authority on computational mechanics and synthetic fiber reinforced concrete pipes. He has secured over $36 million in research funding from various agencies.
Researchers evaluated all new COVID-19 vaccines approved by FDA over last decade, analyzing premarket development time, clinical evidence, and safety database size. The study found that vaccine approvals took an average of 10 months, with varying levels of evidence and follow-up durations.
A UVA-led research team designs and manufactures thermoelectric devices with increased efficiency and reduced costs. They employ additive manufacturing and advanced materials science techniques to bridge the gap between material performance and device efficiency.
A new study found that over half of COVID-19 patients continue to feel fatigued 10 weeks after their initial illness. Researchers tracked 128 participants and discovered no association between COVID-19 severity or hospital admission with persistent fatigue.
Asteroid Bennu's surface boulders hold secrets to its 1.75 million-year history, which scientists studied through impact crater analysis. The findings provide crucial context for the returned sample, allowing researchers to understand the asteroid's geology and composition.
A team of scientists has developed an AI-powered 'electronic nose' to assess meat freshness accurately. The device uses a barcode that changes color over time in response to gases produced by decaying meat, and a smartphone app powered by artificial intelligence.