A Stanford-led team created a computer model that accurately predicted the spread of COVID-19 in 10 major cities by analyzing three factors: daily destinations, duration, and crowd density. The model reveals that most infections occur at 'superspreader' sites and disproportionately affect minority and low-income populations.
A study by UMass Amherst researchers found that postpartum care visits often fall short, with women receiving only 91.1% of recommended blood pressure screenings and just 8.7% depression screenings. The researchers analyzed data from over 20 million visits and identified room for improvement in the delivery of postpartum care.
A study found a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (60.5%) among the Xavante population, with severe cases threatening sight. The researchers used a portable retinograph to detect diabetic retinopathy and found 16 cases, highlighting the need for screening in remote communities.
About 9% of trans adults in the US access hormones from non-licensed sources, posing health and safety risks. Lack of insurance coverage is a top issue affecting transgender people, ranked second only to direct violence.
Two distinct maternal lineages have been identified in rice through a study of over 3000 genotypes. This discovery sheds light on how rice adapted to its environment and could help improve breeding for climate change adaptation and food security.
A new survey more than doubles the known number of copies of Isaac Newton's groundbreaking science book, challenging the idea that it was only read by expert mathematicians. The research suggests that the Principia was widely read and comprehended in 17th-century Europe.
Researchers found that competing groups of insectivores consume the same type of food, such as chironomids, which could lead to an unprecedented ecocatastrophe. The study sheds new light on the decline in insect populations and highlights the potential cascading effects on ecosystems.
A University of Oregon study finds three-fold benefits in muni market efficiency since the Real-time Transaction Reporting System was launched. Timely disclosure reduces transaction costs and increases municipal trading volume across liquidity levels, benefiting all stakeholders.
Empathy and perspective-taking are two essential social skills that enable us to form connections with others. A recent study reveals that both abilities are processed in the brain by a 'main network' specialized in empathy or changing perspective, which is activated in every social situation.
Researchers at Aalto University have developed a technique to guide bacterial colonies into creating highly customized three-dimensional objects made of nanocellulose. The objects show great potential for medical use, including supporting tissue regeneration and replacing damaged organs.
Researchers discovered a new overlapping gene in SARS-CoV-2 that has the potential to encode a protein longer than expected by chance. The gene, ORF3d, has been independently identified and shown to elicit a strong antibody response in COVID-19 patients.
The University of Texas at San Antonio's Bexar County Fostering Educational Success Housing First Project aims to address critical housing needs of at least 25 students pursuing college degrees each year. The program provides rental assistance, wrap-around support, and educational resources for 12-24 months to support degree completion.
Hady Salloum and his team at Stevens Institute of Technology will commercialize an underwater security system to protect ports, ships, and supply chains from surface and underwater intruders. The system uses patented technology to detect human divers and small boats, ensuring safer travel, shipping, and logistics.
A University of Kansas study found that demolishing over 500 abandoned homes in Kansas City did not significantly reduce nearby violent or property crime. Instead, socioeconomic and housing characteristics were stronger predictors of change in crime rates.
Women with premature menopause are at higher risk of developing coronary artery disease due to the presence of clonal hematopoiesis in their blood cells. The study found a 36% increased likelihood of clonal hematopoiesis and a 48% higher risk of coronary artery disease among women with premature menopause.
Researchers propose a new approach to create lifelike robots by integrating materials science, mechanical engineering, computer science, biology and chemistry. This Physical AI can help humans in tasks that are dangerous or impossible for them, such as medicine and security.
A meta-analysis of eight randomized clinical trials found that low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer-caused death by 0.4%, translating to one preventable death per 250 at-risk adults. The study suggests the benefits may outweigh potential harms from overdiagnosis, aligning with US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations.
A Cornell University-led collaboration has created a new 3D printing technique that produces cellular metallic materials at supersonic speeds, resulting in mechanically robust and porous structures. These structures are 40% stronger than similar materials made with conventional manufacturing processes.
Researchers identified a genetic signature in localized prostate cancer that can predict metastasis and treatment response. The signature, called META-16, was highly effective at predicting time to metastasis and response to anti-androgen therapy.
Researchers found epigenetic biomarkers that indicate chronic stress in commercially raised chickens, potentially leading to improved animal welfare and quality meat. The study suggests a diagnostic tool could be developed to track recurrent stress in production animals.
The Michigan Translational Research and Commercialization program awarded Wayne State researchers $270,000 to develop transformative innovation projects in AI, AR, and intelligent automation. The funding will support projects led by Jeremy Rickli, Ming Dong, and Arash Javanbakht, aiming to bring disruptive solutions to the market.
A new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation shows that simultaneous robotic-assisted kidney transplant and weight loss surgery is safe for obese patients. The procedure resulted in a significant reduction in surgical complications and improved cardiac function, with all patients experiencing a substantial weight loss.
Researchers found that methylation of a specific region in the IGF2 gene, known as DVDMR, determines IGF2 protein expression levels in breast cancer. High IGF2 levels are associated with increased BC aggressiveness and metastasis.
Studying arterial deposits, researchers found that activated immune cells accumulated on the interior arterial wall, causing damage to the arterial lining. This discovery suggests a misguided adaptive immune response is involved in heart attacks, holding promise for personalized treatments and prevention of clinical complications.
Researchers observed Asian short-clawed otters solving food puzzles twice, several months apart, with the otters solving it 69% faster on average. This suggests a capacity for long-term memory and provides evidence of 'social learning,' where one otter's solution is quickly adopted by its closest friends.
A team of researchers from Australia, India, and Bangladesh have developed a neuron-growing ink that uses the body's own electrical signals to guide the growth of nerve cells. The bioconductive ink can be printed in lines to direct where neurons grow, cracking a major challenge in nerve engineering.
Research finds that buprenorphine therapy in primary care can be financially sustainable, with rural practices and physician-led treatment generating the most revenue. Effective hearing loss screening also shows promise, with increased referral rates to audiology specialists leading to improved health outcomes.
Researchers at Charité and Tel Aviv University are investigating the causes of drug tolerance in invasive fungal pathogens. They aim to identify molecular pathways that explain this phenomenon and develop new treatments for life-threatening fungal infections.
A study by the University of Bristol found that urban gulls adjust their foraging patterns to coincide with human activity, such as school breaks and waste centre opening hours. This adaptability helps them thrive in cities by maximizing energy intake from fluctuating food sources.
A new study from the University of Georgia found that physical education is more important for kids' fitness than BMI. Students who were overweight but active in PE were more likely to stay active after school.
The Substantial Gainful Activity Project found that vocational rehabilitation services can increase earnings for individuals with disabilities. The project demonstrated a 17 percentage point increase in clients with a signed individualized plan for employment and an 8 percentage point increase in closures with competitive employment.
The EAR-PC study found that 25% of patients over 55 had signs of hearing loss and referral rates increased by 10-fold after electronic prompts. The findings suggest effective hearing loss screening in primary care can improve health outcomes for older adults.
Research at Humane Society International found that human organoid models outperform xenografts in predicting patient responses and developing new medicines. Funding for human biology-based approaches remains scarce, highlighting a need to accelerate the transition to more effective non-animal technologies.
Researchers have detected a sub-glacial lake bed in northwest Greenland, containing unique fossil and chemical traces of past climates and life. The discovery may hold valuable insights into the glacial, climatological and environmental history of the region.
A recent study found that declining teenage pregnancy rates in England are related to local areas experiencing less youth unemployment, growing Black or South Asian teenage populations, and more educational attainment. The study also suggests that unaffordable housing and a lack of social housing contribute to lower conception rates.
Researchers identified at least 87 regions in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence that form compact structures, with at least 10% under strong evolutionary selection pressure. These structures are potential targets for small-molecule drugs and could be effective against future new virus strains.
Scientists have identified two paralogous androgen receptor genes that control social status in African cichlid fish, shedding light on the molecular basis of social hierarchy. These findings suggest independent mechanisms for regulating coloration and behavior, providing a framework for studying human social dominance.
Treating opioid addiction with buprenorphine in primary care can be financially sustainable, according to a microsimulation model. Physician-led treatment and shared medical visits with nurse care managers yield the greatest net revenue gains.
Researchers found that generating content during experiences increases immersion and enjoyment. People tend to create content that is directly relevant to their current experience, with positive effects on evaluations. Marketers can encourage consumers to generate content by offering incentives or social norms nudges.
A study by the University of Bristol found that Trump's tweets systematically divert attention away from harmful topics to unrelated issues representing his political strengths. This diversion significantly reduces negative media coverage of the harmful topic the next day.
A Cornell-led team is using robots with computer vision to optimize apple yields by controlling fruit numbers per tree. This can increase total crop values by $7,000 per acre, helping growers meet market demand for fruit size and quality.
A study by RUDN University linguists found that vocabulary size in a foreign language impacts the ability to distinguish between vowel sounds. Russian and English speakers were tested on their ability to match L2 vowels with those of their native tongue, regardless of their vocabulary size.
Scientists have developed an optical elastography technique that can detect biomechanical alterations in cells and tissues non-invasively. The new technique uses Brillouin microscopy to highlight microscopic processes driving mechanical modification in biological tissues.
Patient clinical data leverages reduce healthcare spending and utilization by reminding patients for preventive services, setting health goals, and improving quality improvement. Practices with targeted outreach and population health monitoring also see lower Medicare spending and utilization
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Health System are searching for biomarkers to predict the duration and severity of depression in adolescents. The goal is to identify teens who need more significant help with their depression, potentially leading to new treatments.
A new biomaterial-based cancer vaccine has shown promise in treating aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in mice, with 100% survival rate after a subsequent injection of cancer cells. The vaccine combines chemotherapy and immunotherapy to generate a sustained anti-cancer response.
Research by Matthew Staymates found N95 masks with exhalation valves ineffective at filtering respiratory droplets. Masks without valves block most droplets, making them a more effective choice for disease prevention.
Researchers in the FIThydro project developed new assessment methods and technologies to reduce negative ecological effects of hydropower plants. They also created a decision support system to help operators plan and assess hydropower plants, taking into account environmental policy requirements and international regulatory guidelines.
A recent meta-analysis of 5,188 studies reveals that crop diversification enhances ecosystem services while maintaining or improving crop yields. This 'win-win' result has significant implications for agriculture and the environment.
The project aims to study lower limb joint loading in active older adults engaged in sport using the VSimulators facility. The pilot data will contribute to designing a bespoke sports shoe for this demographic.
A new primary care tool, CommunityRx-H3, has been implemented to prescribe referrals for community health and social services. The study found that practice facilitators play a key role in implementing quality improvement initiatives, but face barriers such as limited time and lack of integration with the EMR system.
A survey of neurosurgical community members reveals widespread sexual harassment, with women more likely to report witnessing or experiencing it. The study highlights the need for a cultural shift in the profession to address the issue and prevent burnout among female neurosurgeons.
Researchers found that galaxy clusters today are 4 million degrees Fahrenheit, 10 times hotter than 10 billion years ago. The team used data from telescopes and space missions to measure the temperature of gas concentrations over time, confirming a theory about dark matter.
Researchers found evidence of a large volcanic cause of the largest mass extinction, with sedimentary mercury enrichments detected in rocks from the end of the Permian period. The study suggests that high-temperature volcanic combustion contributed to global warming and the loss of land and marine creatures.
Two studies suggest that older adults aged 70 and over with elevated LDL cholesterol levels have the highest incidence of heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol-lowering therapies, including statins, are as effective at reducing cardiovascular events in this age group as they are in younger people.
A study found that exoskeleton vests can help nurses by reducing physical strain, but further development is needed to make them comfortable and safe. The technology has the potential to improve care work and alleviate musculoskeletal disorders.
A new study reveals that astrocytes can remove cellular debris from the brain when microglia are impaired. This finding could lead to new therapies accelerating debris clearance and reducing neurodegenerative diseases.
Computer simulations show that neutron star mergers can lead to black hole formation under specific conditions. The threshold mass for collapse depends on the properties of dense nuclear matter.
A synthetic protein nanoparticle has been developed that can deliver cancer-killing drugs directly to malignant brain tumors. In a study, the treatment led to long-term survival in seven out of eight mice with glioblastoma, with no signs of regrowing tumor cells.
A recent study found that maternal body condition and stress hormone levels can affect the traits of jacky dragon offspring, including gender and growth rate. The research suggests that thermal opportunity may play a role in conveying environmental information from mother to offspring.