A new machine learning approach has been developed by researchers at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to improve hurricane intensity predictions. The model uses artificial intelligence techniques and can run on a commercial laptop, offering more accurate forecasts than existing models. It also enables th...
A new optical switch created by an international team could replace electronic transistors in computers, manipulating photons instead of electrons. The device requires no cooling and is fast, with operations per second between 100 and 1,000 times faster than current commercial transistors.
A new study suggests that sedentary behavior can increase the likelihood of nighttime hot flashes in midlife women. The research found that sedentary behavior independently predicts objective and subjective hot flash experience, even when accounting for moderate-to-vigorous activity levels.
Researchers at Buck Institute for Research on Aging provide a framework for precision nutrigeroscience to study the need for individualized dietary interventions. Studies in fruit flies show that lifestyle and genetics impact lifespan and healthspan, leading researchers to challenge the field to adopt a more nuanced approach.
Researchers at Aalto University created intricate shapes like letters by manipulating tiny metal balls with vibrating plates and energy fields. The smart algorithm efficiently guided the particles to achieve desired shapes, inspired by natural phenomena like wind and water.
A new study found that 98% of popular TikTok '#alcohol' videos have positive portrayals, while only 4% describe negative alcohol-related consequences. The research highlights the need for age verification and responsible content creation on social media platforms.
A team of astronomers has observed six massive galaxies in the early universe that have mysteriously stopped forming stars due to depleted gas reserves. The discovery was made possible by the Hubble Space Telescope's high resolution and gravitational lensing, allowing researchers to study these galaxies in unprecedented detail.
Mathematical modeling suggests that contact-tracing apps can help achieve herd immunity by identifying individuals with greater exposure to others and targeting them for vaccination. The approach, known as 'hot-spotting,' could reduce the number of vaccine doses needed by up to half.
SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateSep 22, 2021
Researchers find hookworms resistant to multiple drugs used to treat them, with high prevalence in racing greyhounds. The study's results highlight the importance of regular deworming and caution against dog parks as potential breeding grounds for drug-resistant parasites.
Researchers at Penn Medicine and The Wistar Institute will explore new treatments for skin cancer using the grant, including projects on exosomal PD-L1 and autophagy inhibition. The team aims to improve patient outcomes and develop more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Weekly saliva polymerase chain reaction testing in asymptomatic staff and students in an urban public school district significantly increased SARS-CoV-2 case detection, surpassing county-level infection rates. This study highlights the effectiveness of targeted screening strategies in reducing COVID-19 transmission.
A large-scale study has identified thousands of genetic loci regulating blood gene expression, including cis and trans effects found in 88% of genes and 37% of trait-related variants. This research provides new insights into molecular relationships for various traits and diseases.
Skeletal muscle secretes a molecule that regulates around 35% of liver functions, with the remaining basal functions independent of muscle activity. Ageing alters this communication, leading to non-optimal functions and accelerated ageing.
The VCU Massey Cancer Center has established a Translational Research Center in Lung Cancer Disparities (TRACER) to address racial disparities in lung cancer. TRACER will investigate the interaction between stress, smoking, and gene expression to raise lung cancer risk in Black men.
Researchers aim to replicate natural tendon development using embryonic chicken and mouse models, with a focus on mechanical stimulation and nanoparticle design.
New research from Cornell University suggests that accelerating wind-energy technology deployment can achieve significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with potential to reduce global warming atmospheric average temperatures of 0.3 to 0.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. The study confirms that advancing wind energy...
Dr. Sofia Sheikh has been awarded a Mathematical and Physical Sciences Ascending Postdoctoral Research Fellowship to focus on fast radio bursts and develop improved technosignature detection methods. She will also mentor underrepresented students in physics and astronomy, leveraging the Allen Telescope Array's unique qualities.
The study examines clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in adults, highlighting its association with COVID-19. Key findings reveal MIS as a severe condition with distinct symptoms and outcomes.
A team of researchers from Harvard, MIT, and the Max Planck Institute developed a theory to explain how hydrodynamic electron flow could occur in 3D materials. They observed it for the first time using a new imaging technique, providing evidence of strong interactions between electrons in high-density materials.
The Copernicus Ocean State Report reveals record low Arctic ice levels, with a 90% reduction in average sea ice thickness in the Barents Sea. The report also highlights extreme variability in ocean temperatures and oxygen levels, posing significant challenges for marine ecosystems.
Researchers from University of Texas at Austin have discovered a way to accelerate the formation of CO2 hydrate structures that can store billions of tons of carbon for centuries. By adding magnesium, these structures form 3,000 times faster than current methods, offering a promising alternative to reduce climate change.
Researchers at Mount Sinai Hospital are testing a novel light therapy to slow Alzheimer's debilitating effects, aiming to improve both cognition and sleep. The treatment involves flashing pulses of light designed to enhance electrical brain waves and reset the sleep-wake cycle.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a flying microchip that can monitor air pollution, airborne diseases, and environmental contamination. The device, about the size of a grain of sand, uses wind to generate flight, stabilizing its trajectory through aerodynamic optimization inspired by nature.
Overdose deaths involving methamphetamine rose 180% from 2015 to 2019, outpacing increases in methamphetamine use. Riskier patterns of use, including frequent use and co-use with other substances, contributed to the surge. Diverse populations, particularly American Indians/Alaska Natives and young adults, are disproportionately affected.
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis found that COVID-19 infection during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of developing preeclampsia. Women with SARS-CoV-2 infection had a 62% higher odds of developing preeclampsia than those without the infection.
A new study found that benzo(a)pyrene plays a small part in the global risk of developing PAH-associated cancer, with 89% of the risk coming from other unregulated chemicals. Degradation products formed in the atmosphere can also be more toxic than the emitted PAHs.
Researchers developed phyllotaxis-alike vortex nanosieves that can generate multiple optical vortices within a single nano-device, enabling compact and efficient multiplexing of orbital angular momentum. The design uses judiciously arranged nanoholes on metal films to create multiple spiral patterns, each contributing to a specific OAM...
A chemical engineer is developing a novel biomaterial that can mimic the response of pediatric brain cancers to different approaches, allowing for customized treatment plans. The material will be designed to simulate the growth environment of cancer cells inside a tumor and can be used with patient-derived cells.
A new study from the University of Toronto suggests that social robots could be more persuasive if they project less authority. The research found that people are more likely to accept advice or instructions from a robot when it is presented as a peer helper rather than an authoritative figure.
A collaborative research between Owkin and Cleveland Clinic has developed an AI model that predicts liver cancer recurrence following liver transplantation. The model outperformed traditional scoring systems and showed promise for improving patient outcomes.
The mRNA-1273 vaccine has demonstrated sustained efficacy in preventing COVID-19 and severe disease, with consistent high levels of protection observed across various subgroups. Researchers have also found a marginal improvement in reduced cases among those vaccinated more recently during the Delta variant surge.
The Roman occupation of Carthage resulted in environmental degradation and economic collapse, as evidenced by the abandonment of the city of Zita in AD 200. Archaeological analysis indicates a shift from agricultural goods like olive oil to metal production, which led to unsustainable economic practices and eventually urban collapse.
Researchers adapted classical nucleation theory to understand protein assembly in cells, predicting precise locations and times for droplet formation. The approach offers a new understanding of cell biology and potential control over complex soft materials.
A team at TU Wien developed a new quantum transmission protocol using eight different paths for each photon, generating a record-breaking entanglement-based quantum key. This protocol is more robust against interference and allows for faster data transmission.
Researchers used machine learning to discover that sperm with a wide head relative to length are more likely to clump together and swim collectively, a rare behavior that sometimes helps them reach an egg faster. The study provides a new method for understanding how form and function are related in cells with complex behaviors.
A study by ICTA-UAB finds that implementing teleworking two, three or four days a week would reduce nitrogen dioxide levels by 4%, 8% and 10%. This is achieved through a decrease in traffic-related emissions, with the greatest reduction expected when all employees in the service sector work from home.
A new study found that COVID-19 vaccinated pregnant women pass high levels of antibodies to their babies, providing protection against infection. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines trigger the production of protective antibodies in mothers, which are then transferred to newborns.
Rutgers researchers have found that learning can be mimicked in synthetic matter, which could lead to new algorithms for artificial intelligence. The study involved changing the environment of nickel oxide material and observing its response.
Researchers from USTC constructed a novel COF membrane with sub-2-nanometer channels, exhibiting high monovalent cation permeation rates and low multivalent cation rates. The membrane's ion selectivity outperforms reported membranes.
Researchers have identified a molecule that slows cells' production of alpha-synuclein, a protein forming toxic aggregates in Parkinson's brains. The compound, A-443654, also reduces cell stress and may help degrade existing alpha-synuclein aggregates.
A nationwide team of researchers will investigate epigenetic therapies for cancer, with a focus on exploring new targets and investigating novel combinations. The project aims to improve current epigenetic therapies and enhance existing approaches such as immunotherapy.
A new study has identified unique genetic codes in the placenta that could detect pregnancy complications earlier than current tests. The researchers found specific biomarkers in maternal blood that indicate placental health and fetal well-being, allowing for real-time assessment throughout pregnancy.
Researchers found fecal contamination in Montana's Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness Area, primarily attributed to wildlife and pack animals. Human-associated bacteria were detected at lower levels, but not significantly related to landscape or elevation.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a 35.7% increase in global development assistance for health in 2020, reaching $13.7 billion. However, this surge still falls short of the estimated $33 billion to $62 billion needed to address the pandemic in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers used ALMA to observe distant galaxies and discovered two new, dusty galaxies near original targets, challenging our understanding of early galaxy formation. The discovery suggests that a significant portion of early galaxies may be hidden from view due to cosmic dust.
A study published in Neurology Clinical Practice found that adults with neurologic conditions are more likely to have had adverse childhood experiences such as abuse or neglect. The study suggests that early recognition of these high adverse childhood experiences may improve health outcomes for individuals with neurologic conditions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened food insecurity, particularly among families with children, with nearly 18% of households reporting low or very low food security. NYU researchers are developing a technological solution to reduce food insecurity and waste, including a mobile app called Food2Share.
The NIH will renew funding for the Clinical Genome (ClinGen) resource, which collects and archives information on clinically relevant genes and genomic variants. This expansion aims to improve the effectiveness, transparency, and validity of clinical genomics research.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute found that early human groups in Europe endured cold climatic conditions for over 7,000 years. The team used archaeological materials to generate climatic data, revealing a higher degree of climate flexibility than previously believed.
Single-cell analyses reveal turgor-associated metabolic modifications in watercored apples, leading to increased production of volatile compounds. A significant concentration of these compounds is detected at the border region, where a water potential gradient facilitates water transport to the watercore area.
Researchers have discovered six early massive galaxies that have run out of fuel, contradicting expectations of the early Universe. The galaxies' cessation of star formation was not caused by inefficiency, but rather depletion or removal of gas reservoirs.
Researchers have identified a specific gene, RARA, associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children that is sensitive to the treatment tamibarotene. Studies found that AML cells with high levels of RARA are more responsive to tamibarotene, suggesting its potential as a new treatment for pediatric AML.
Researchers have developed a microneedle patch that delivers a COVID-19 DNA vaccine into the skin, causing strong immune responses in cells and mice. The patch can be stored at room temperature for over 30 days, making it an important tool for global COVID-19 vaccine distribution.
New research reveals that individual personal pension plans perform worse than group personal pensions by up to 1.67% per annum without investment oversight. The study highlights the need for better monitoring and regulation to improve returns for individual investors.
A study published by The BMJ found that giving metformin to women with preterm pre-eclampsia may prolong pregnancy by a week, but the result was not statistically significant. If confirmed by future research, this could have important benefits for both mother and baby.
Scientists have developed a new method to distinguish electron properties in atomic orbitals using X-ray generators and high magnetic fields. This breakthrough could lead to novel directions for engineering atomic-scale devices, including quantum computers and ultra-dense magnetic hard drives.
Scientists at Kanazawa University have discovered a new method for determining the chirality of amines, which involves reactions with 'color indicator' molecules that produce different colors depending on the enantiomer present. The approach enables easy naked-eye differentiation between enantiomers and could be used to quantify enanti...
Researchers developed a computational model to optimize the use of additive manufacturing in spare parts supply chains, finding that centralized systems are more efficient for less frequent demand with high variability. The study's findings provide a step forward in understanding how to incorporate AM technologies into supply chains.
Researchers at Rice University have made a groundbreaking discovery about the reproductive habits of dinoflagellate algae, which can help coral reefs adapt to climate change. By studying sex in these tiny creatures, scientists hope to breed strains that are more tolerant of environmental stress.
A recent study published in AJR found that gallbladder polyps can fluctuate significantly in size and number over time. The authors suggest revising guidelines to reflect this variability, with no cases of gallbladder carcinoma identified in patients who underwent cholecystectomy.