A five-year study found that taking higher-than-recommended doses of vitamin D reduced the risk of atrial fibrillation by 27-32% in older men and women. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial involved 2,495 participants who received either a placebo or vitamin D supplementation, with lower risks observed in those taking higher doses.
Researchers applied sparse identification and latent variables (SINDy) to analyze experimental CAR T-cell killing assay data for glioblastoma cancer cells. The study aimed to extend the CARRGO model by capturing more precise interactions between CAR T-cells and glioma cells.
Researchers at Umea University discover new role for D-amino acids in stress-driven bacterial chemotaxis, revealing complex ecological systems and potential strategies to manipulate bacterial populations. D-Arginine plays a multifaceted role in shaping microbial communities and influencing niche selection.
Researchers studied fondant creation using automated kneading machines and light microscopy, linking it to theoretical physics models. The team found that different preparation methods influence fondant structure and texture, enabling better prediction and control.
A Clemson team created a novel metal-organic framework with combined conduction pathways, outperforming traditional MOFs. This breakthrough could advance modern electronics and energy technologies.
A new study analyzed coverage of BECCS in 166 newspaper articles to understand public opinion on the energy technology. The research identified eight key storylines, including Pro-BECCS narratives that emphasized its necessity and Revolutionary technology, alongside Anti-BECCS lines that highlighted environmental concerns.
A digital assay called STAMP has been developed to directly measure the presence of HIV in single drops of blood, providing a more efficient and accurate alternative to traditional methods. The test uses CRISPR-Cas13 technology to detect and signal the presence of HIV, allowing for real-time monitoring of viral loads.
The UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health is leading a new Lancet Commission on Evidence-Based Implementation in Global Health. The commission aims to improve how life-saving interventions are put into practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers used brain imaging to identify multiple subtypes of depression, finding distinct deviation patterns in functional connectivity among brain regions. This study provides leads for developing better treatments and personalized therapeutic interventions.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo discovered a method to bypass voice authentication security systems with high accuracy. They found that malicious actors can generate convincing copies of a victim's voice using deepfake software, evading existing spoofing countermeasures.
Researchers at TUM developed a new approach to measure human brain activity using microelectrodes and awake brain surgery. They found individual neurons specialize in handling specific numbers, providing insights into cognitive functions and developing solutions for brain function disorders.
The Rogel Cancer Center has received a $37 million National Cancer Institute grant to support its comprehensive cancer research and treatment programs. The center, one of the top-ranked in Michigan, will continue to improve outcomes for cancer patients and survivors with innovative research and treatments.
A game theory study from Dartmouth College reveals that being uncooperative can lead to a more equal outcome, even for the weaker party. By refusing to fully cooperate, players can resist extortion and ultimately achieve a better payoff.
Researchers have identified four species of coronaviruses in UK bats, including two novel ones, which are related to COVID-19 and MERS viruses. Regular monitoring of wildlife viruses is crucial for public health preparedness and biodiversity conservation.
A randomized trial will be conducted to test whether sticking with the initial medication or switching to a different one increases quitting success. The study aims to provide guidance for clinicians on handling relapses and may explore the effectiveness of e-cigarettes as an alternative to traditional cigarettes.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified disparities in end-of-life immunotherapy treatment, highlighting the need for further examination to ensure quality care. A new study also reveals a novel target to improve immunotherapy responses in KRAS-mutant lung cancer and strategies to manage immune-related toxicities.
Researchers from Osaka University have demonstrated a method of dehydrating CNFs to a dense powder without affecting their three key properties. The resulting CNF powders retain high viscosity, transparency, and tunable properties.
A third of under-fives attending Paediatric Emergency Departments have unmet vaccination need, with tetanus and MMR vaccination coverage levels below target. Researchers call for catch-up campaigns to reach this vulnerable group.
A team of researchers at UC Irvine has developed a freely available computer model to estimate the economic costs of hurricanes and typhoons. The model combines data from climate change science and household vulnerability information, providing return periods of asset losses and helping countries better prepare for these disasters.
A new study published in Pediatrics reveals that family caregivers of children with medically complex conditions experience bias and substandard treatment in hospitals and clinics. The findings emphasize the urgent need for additional medical training to address this issue.
Researchers discovered that a diet rich in the bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri can maintain associative learning ability in older nematodes. This finding suggests potential ways to use diet to reduce age-related cognitive decline in other animals, including humans.
Scientists using ALMA have discovered the most compelling chemical evidence to date of protoplanet formation. The discovery provides an alternate method for detecting and characterizing protoplanets, particularly those embedded in their parental circumstellar disks.
A 50-million-year-old katydid fossil found in Colorado reveals exceptionally preserved internal organs, including a testicle and digestive tract. The fossil belongs to the genus Arethaea and provides new insights into the evolution of this group of insects.
A team of researchers has analyzed 750 blue supergiant stars, offering insights into their evolutionary nature and physical properties. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of this critical phase in the lives of massive stars.
A University of Oklahoma assistant professor will study how relationships among non-profits, community groups, and local government agencies can improve disaster resilience by enabling organizational interactions. The project aims to strengthen the knowledge network of resources available to a community during emergencies.
Food Science of Animal Products, a new journal published by Tsinghua University Press on SciOpen, offers authoritative platform for animal-origin foods research. The journal features innovative technological breakthroughs and provides an outlet for scholars to publish scientific theories.
The study investigates the effects of DPDT on human colon cancer HCT116 cells and non-tumorigenic MRC5 fibroblasts. The results show that DPDT preferentially targets HCT116 cells, inducing apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, likely through DNA topoisomerase I poisoning.
A study found improved adherence to AAP guidelines for children with Down syndrome after implementing electronic health record integrations, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic reopening. The intervention resulted in higher follow-up visit adherence (69%) and improvements in audiology and sleep study components.
Researchers have discovered abnormalities in the DNA instruction code that lead to the aggressive spread of colorectal cancer. By studying DNA methylation levels, they identified unique gene regions associated with liver metastasis and found a link between these changes and cancer cell aggression.
The American Dental Association's new clinical practice guideline recommends conservative carious tissue removal (CTR) as an effective treatment option for moderate and advanced tooth decay. CTR involves removing most, but not all, of the decayed tissue before sealing the tooth with a filling or cap, which stops tooth decay.
A new study found that women's lean body mass and age significantly impact their ability to eliminate alcohol from the bloodstream. Women with obesity and those who are older have a faster rate of alcohol elimination compared to healthy-weight women and younger individuals.
A research team at the Wyss Institute engineered a 3D model of extracellular matrix to study the impact of tissue mechanics on T cells. They found that viscoelasticity played a crucial role in shaping T cell traits and functions, enabling the creation of functionally distinct T cell populations for adoptive therapies.
A team of international scientists has detected methyl cation, a crucial carbon compound, in a young star system using the James Webb Space Telescope. The discovery confirms the importance of CH3+ in interstellar chemistry and suggests that UV radiation may play a critical role in the early chemical stages of life.
The new sensor chip detects multiple disease pathogens with high sensitivity and eliminates chemical dye reagents. Results are available in about 30 minutes, showing promise for rapid point-of-care diagnostic capabilities.
A large-scale camera-trap survey reveals that tropical mammals living inside protected areas are not spared the effects of human activity, with specialist species thriving near low-density habitats and generalist species benefiting from diverse environments. The study informs biodiversity policy and highlights the importance of conside...
Cathy Sue Cutler is elected SNMMI president-elect to tackle talent shortages, funding issues and education gaps in the field. She aims to attract talent, enhance training opportunities and educate practitioners on theranostics for personalized medicine.
A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences confirms that the Megalodon shark was warm-blooded, with a body temperature estimated at around 27°C. This discovery provides empirical evidence for the extinct species' internal heat production, shedding light on its biology and ecological role.
A large randomized clinical trial found that culturing embryos for three days versus five days in the lab has no significant impact on live birth rates. Women's age affects outcomes, with younger women aged under 36 experiencing better results from cleavage-stage transfers.
The FRESCO-2 phase III study demonstrated statistically significant improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated with fruquintinib. Fruquintinib showed a favorable safety profile, with patients staying on treatment almost twice as long as those on placebo.
A new study found that a higher body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of five different rheumatic diseases, including gout and psoriatic arthritis. Women are more susceptible to these diseases than men, particularly those who have gone through menopause.
A small study suggests that vaginal progesterone treatment can increase the chances of conception in couples with unexplained infertility. The treatment, which is safe and low-cost, showed more than double the birth rate among treated women, but further research is needed to confirm these results.
Researchers at the Beckman Institute developed a new purification system that uses an electrified version of dialysis to separate salt and other unnecessary particles from wastewater. The method saves money and saps 90% less energy than its counterparts, making it a promising solution for global water scarcity.
SNMMI has elected Jean-Luc C. Urbain as Vice President-Elect, who will focus on bringing new precision oncology nuclear therapies to the clinic. He aims to implement SNMMI's strategic plan, promoting its brand globally and increasing membership and financial support.
Researchers grew single crystals of multiferroic material BiFeO3-based solid solutions near the morphotropic phase boundary and found substantial control of magnetism with low electric fields. High magnetic fields weakened the converse magnetoelectric effect due to suppression of phase transformation.
Researchers at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology found that manipulating chloroplast size is unlikely to improve photosynthetic efficiency in crops. They created tobacco lines with enlarged and reduced chloroplasts, but field tests showed minimal effects on productivity.
Researchers at Shibaura Institute of Technology have developed a faster way to synthesize CoSn(OH)6, a powerful catalyst required for high-energy lithium–air batteries. The new method uses solution plasma-based synthesis and achieves highly crystalline CSO crystals with improved catalytic properties.
A study found that monitoring early-response biomarkers enables personalized dosing in prostate cancer treatment, improving patient outcomes. The approach allowed patients to take
A new study by University College London researchers estimates that between 150,000 and 500,000 adults aged 20-49 and 250,000 to 600,000 adults over 50 may be undiagnosed with autism. This brings the total autistic population in England to over 1.2 million, approaching double the government's cited figure.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has recognized ten new SNMMI Fellows, including Virginia Pappas as an honorary Fellow, for their excellence in volunteer service and scientific discovery. The SNMMI Fellowship is among the most prestigious formal recognitions available to long-time members.
A new theoretical proof shows that overparametrization enhances performance in quantum machine learning, allowing for enhanced learning and classification tasks. The Los Alamos team developed a framework to predict the critical number of parameters at which a quantum machine learning model becomes overparametrized.
Researchers found that when a patient's congestive heart failure is mentioned during the initial check-in process, emergency room physicians are less likely to test for pulmonary embolism, potentially leading to delays in diagnosis. This anchoring bias can delay crucial testing and diagnosis of deadly medical conditions.
A new study finds that investing in nature can turn economic losses into gains, especially for the world's poorest countries. The research combines a global economic model with ecosystem service models to capture interactions between humans and the environment, highlighting the importance of public goods and services provided by nature.
The hospital-onset MRSA rate decreased by 41% and the MRSA bacteremia rate dropped by 54% among critically ill neonates after implementing nasal decolonization. The intervention was cost-effective, with a significant reduction in length-of-stay.
A new study reveals that some US truffle producers are accidentally cultivating winter truffles instead of European black truffles, a more valuable species. The researchers analyzed specimens from 10 anonymous truffle orchards and found that all but one were winter truffles.
A new study from Nationwide Children's Hospital analyzed 10 years of data on unintentional firearm fatalities among children to investigate cases where children younger than 15 unintentionally killed themselves or another child with a firearm. The majority of victims were male, and most incidents occurred at the victim's residence.
A study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found associations between phenol biomarkers and altered thyroid hormone levels in women attending a fertility clinic. The presence of certain environmental chemicals, such as bisphenol A and triclosan, was linked to changes in thyroid function, potentially affecting female fertility.
Researchers have identified a potential new drug that improves both liver fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The drug, Pegozafermin, mimics the body's natural hormone FGF21, controlling energy use and lipid metabolism in the liver.
A recent study published in the peer-reviewed journal Hypertension found that apparent resistant hypertension (aRH) is more common than previously reported, affecting nearly 1 in 10 hypertensive patients. Investigators also discovered that patients with well-managed aRH are more likely to be treated with mineralocorticoid receptor anta...
A recent study published in Nature Neuroscience clarifies the connection between autism and the microbiome, identifying autism-specific metabolic pathways associated with particular human gut microbes. The analysis, which harmonized dozens of previously published datasets, reveals a common microbial signature distinguishing autistic fr...
A nine-year experimental study found that mowing and herbicide application did not benefit sage grouse populations in central Wyoming. In fact, reducing Wyoming big sagebrush cover may negatively impact the birds' food sources and nesting sites.