The UVA School of Engineering and Applied Science has been awarded a collective $10 million in research grants by Susan G. Komen, including a $100,000 grant for doctoral student Catalina Alvarez Yela's work on triple negative breast cancer.
Researchers found that Washington DC and Milwaukee have power grids particularly vulnerable to geomagnetic storms caused by solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The study highlights the need for further monitoring and modification of these areas to prevent damage during space weather events.
Researchers developed the Stroop-CN model to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in cirrhotic patients. The model uses a simple Stroop test to identify cognitive impairment, and was found to be accurate even in patients with reduced quality of life.
Researchers warn that smart vapes with touch screens, animated displays, and built-in games can couple nicotine addiction with gaming disorder. The devices are user-friendly and attractive to youth, potentially broadening the market to include non-nicotine users.
A research team at HKUST discovered surface concavities on individual crystal grains of perovskite thin films, affecting film properties and reliability. They pioneered a new method to remove these concavities, resulting in improved efficiency retention under various tests.
Research on Lotus japonicus reveals periodic gene expression with a six-hour rhythm, influencing rhizobial infection and nodule distribution. Cytokinin maintains this oscillatory gene expression, ensuring proper root nodule formation and infection thread distribution.
Researchers at Duke University have broken through the performance wall of adaptive radar systems using convolutional neural networks, paralleling computer vision. They've released a large open-source dataset for other AI researchers to build upon their work, aiming to tackle industry needs like object detection and tracking.
A new study analyzed over a million patients' experiences with Medicare-funded end-of-life care. It found that Medicare Advantage Plans may offer less aggressive healthcare utilization near the end of life, including fewer hospitalizations and invasive medical treatments.
A global study by Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology demonstrates the benefit of marine protected areas to recreational fisheries, producing more 'trophy-size' fish just outside fully protected areas. The effect is growing stronger over time, with tangible benefits materializing in decades.
Researchers in Brazil identified two new serovars of Leptospira bacteria causing the disease, with one linked to cat ownership and increasing age. The study found that improving sanitary conditions and understanding animal contributions to transmission are key to preventing leptospirosis.
Researchers are developing a framework to combine AI and human intelligence in process safety systems, aiming to enhance safety and efficiency. The study identifies challenges and benefits of using Intelligence Augmentation (IA) and proposes strategies for effective implementation to minimize risks.
A new species of fossil snake, Hibernophis breithaupti, has been discovered in Wyoming, shedding light on the origin and diversification of boas and pythons. The discovery provides important new information on the evolution of small burrowing boas, specifically rubber boas.
A Tulane University study found that pharmacists have the best success rates in helping patients with high blood pressure get their hypertension under control. Pharmacists achieved the greatest improvements, followed by community health workers, who also saw significant reductions in blood pressure.
Researchers have found that speakers of Makhuwa, a Bantu language, process focused information in the same way as speakers of other languages. The study used EEG to measure brain activity when participants heard sentences with focused or non-focused words. The results show that focused information generated a more negative N400 respons...
A $1.5 million state grant is funding research into using fungal molecules in batteries, photovoltaics and electronic circuitry. The project, called NICER, aims to explore how these compounds can improve energy technologies, making them more sustainable and environmentally friendly.
A new study published in Optometry and Vision Sciences found that people with early vision loss are less accurate at estimating the distance of sound compared to those who lose sight later in life. This difficulty can have safety implications, such as judging distances while crossing roads.
This research perspective reviews the current state of chemoprevention and cancer interception progress in asbestos-induced mesothelioma. The study identifies potential targets for prevention, including inflammatory factors and novel chemoprevention agents.
Researchers have developed a method to screen human health and its deviations at a population level using infrared spectroscopy and machine learning. The technique can detect multiple health conditions with just one measurement, identifying healthy individuals and complex conditions simultaneously.
Researchers found that fish species on Trinidad Island adapt their egg-laying habits in response to predators, showing evolutionary plasticity. The study provides new insights into how aquatic organisms adapt to environmental changes, including those caused by climate change.
Researchers developed a universal influenza vaccine that targets the internal structural proteins of the virus, providing lifetime immunity against evolving viruses. Six out of 11 nonhuman primates inoculated with the vaccine survived exposure to the H5N1 virus, while unvaccinated primates succumbed to the disease.
A team of UCSF specialists predicts 24-hour seizure risk using brain activity patterns that foreshadow seizures. The discovery may improve quality of life for 2.9 million Americans living with epilepsy.
A new US-based database of hurricane evacuation orders can help leaders and communities increase resilience, create better policy, and ultimately reduce loss of life. The HEvOD database includes nationwide public-facing evacuation orders from 2014-2022, offering insights into effective strategies for future emergencies.
A recent study found that one-third of adults with medical debt and depression or anxiety delayed mental health care in the previous 12 months. Medical debt significantly increases the likelihood of delaying or forgoing mental health care among those with these conditions. The study highlights the need for healthcare systems to improve...
A digital archive created by archivist Jeff Kramer highlights the contributions of Albanian laborer Emin Kani Barin to UC's historic excavation at Troy. Kani's impressive skills and work ethic earned him recognition from Carl Blegen, the expedition leader, who described him as the dig's most important worker.
The HumanIC project focuses on designing hospitals with human-centered indoor climates to minimize the spread of airborne pathogens and improve thermal comfort. This can lead to a 9-20% reduction in costs associated with airborne diseases.
A study from Drexel University researchers found that temperature extremes are associated with higher rates of missed primary care appointments, particularly among older adults and those with chronic conditions. The study suggests that telemedicine coverage could help mitigate this issue as climate change worsens.
A study on the Han Chinese population found that natural selection signals linked to cold environments, subsistence strategies, and pathogen exposures shaped their biological adaptation. The research identified genes related to metabolism, such as FADS and MTHFR, associated with these adaptations.
A new citizen science initiative, FruitWatch, has significantly enhanced the accuracy of predicting flowering times for fruit trees across Great Britain. The study's findings show notable latitudinal delays in flowering times and provide precise, location-specific predictions for farmers.
A cross-sectional study in Australia and Canada found that physical exercise is associated with fewer depression symptoms in people with osteoarthritis. The study suggests that exercise may be particularly beneficial for individuals experiencing severe pain, improving mental health outcomes.
Site-specific digital twins offer a promising approach to urban design and community engagement by integrating virtual and physical realms, promoting inclusive and responsive development. The concept encourages scalability and specificity in applying DT techniques, facilitating data integration and cross-scale twinning.
Researchers found that anxiety disorders and depression significantly elevate the risk of incident DVT. Stress-related neural mechanisms may increase DVT risk through heightened activation of stress pathways.
A new study reveals significant discrepancies in the effectiveness of political ads on Facebook and Instagram, favoring more extremist groups. Over 70% of parties used user profiling in their ads, and the far-right AfD proved to be the most effective, with ads almost six times more efficient than competitors.
Researchers found two male skeletons with severe fracture and trauma injuries, suggesting earthquakes triggered building collapses during the 79CE eruption. The study provides new insight into the destruction of Pompeii, shedding light on the complex interplay between volcanic and seismic phenomena.
Researchers investigate interfacial hydrogen bond structure and dynamics to maximize catalytic activity in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Depositing three water layers in a water vapor environment is optimal for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, according to the study.
Karthik Suresh's dissertation on meson decay in GlueX earned him the prestigious 2023 Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) Thesis Prize. His work built upon previous research by Ahmed M. Foda and Amy M. Schertz, contributing to the development of a spectrum of mesons.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne have developed a compact, high-efficiency metasurface-enabled solenoid beam that can draw particles toward it. The technology has the potential to reduce pain and trauma associated with current biopsy methods.
The new guidelines from the Surgical Infection Society offer updated recommendations for antimicrobial agent selection, source control, and treatment of specific pathogens. These evidence-based guidelines aim to improve clinical outcomes and reduce mortality rates from intra-abdominal infections globally.
Researchers found that subretinal adeno-associated virus 8 injections trigger proinflammatory T-cell responses, but co-injection of immunodominant peptides can modulate the immune system. This study suggests a new approach to AAV gene therapy for retinal diseases.
Scientists have developed a formalised view to systematically compare internal world models across species. This enables the analysis of human and animal world models and their application to improve artificial intelligence. The study also aims to better understand mental illnesses such as depression and schizophrenia.
Research from the University of Illinois Chicago found that oil drops can break into smaller droplets at the surface, spreading pollution throughout the ocean. Increasing water viscosity may help prevent this process, making cleanup easier.
Researchers found an intermediate-mass black hole in star cluster IRS 13 near SgrA*, suggesting it could be a 'seed' for the central supermassive black hole. The discovery provides insights into the galaxy's evolution and the formation of intermediate-mass black holes.
Scientists at Yokohama National University have successfully developed a roll-to-roll process to create elastic substrates for stretchable electronic devices. The resulting materials demonstrated functionality even when stretched by 70%, opening up new possibilities for wearable technology and smart packaging.
Researchers discovered that OTX2 interacts with splicing factors to control alternative splicing in genes fueling medulloblastoma development. Disturbing the PPHLN1 gene splicing with an anti-PPHLN1 drug reduces tumor growth, opening possibilities for improved treatments.
A large cohort of primarily low-income, Black and white adults found persistently unhealthy sleep to be significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that maintaining regular sleep schedules over time may reduce the risk of adverse cardiometabolic conditions.
A recent study revealed that the rare Tibetan cypress has significantly reduced harmful genetic mutations, thanks to genetic purging. This process allowed the species to maintain its genetic health despite its small population size and habitat constraints.
The emergence of artemisinin-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites in eastern Africa threatens the efficacy of treatment and control strategies. To combat this, experts recommend using triple ACTs, enhanced community health worker networks, rapid diagnostic testing, and antimalarial treatments.
Researchers assembled and analyzed the genomes of two distinct mulberry cultivars to pinpoint key genetic variations and the pivotal role of MaVHAG3 in anthocyanin accumulation. The study highlights intricate genetic and molecular processes regulating fruit coloration in mulberries.
A UC Riverside-led research team found that obesity causes chronic changes in the brain, leading to reduced connections between neurons and lower testosterone levels. The study suggests that the primary site of obesity's effects on reproductive function is the brain, rather than the testes or pituitary gland.
The 65th Supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds includes significant updates to bird species classifications. Species splits for House Wrens and Barn Owls, as well as a lumping of Redpolls, are among the changes. These revisions provide taxonomic and nomenclatural foundation for bird rese...
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that mental health apps can significantly reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and suicidality in individuals waiting for their initial psychiatric appointment. The study, which involved over 2,000 patients, showed improvement in all groups, regardless of the app used.
Researchers discovered that multiple ant species have evolved specialized relationships with understory trees in Central America, mirroring similar mutualisms found elsewhere. The study suggests that these interactions can evolve independently, with two distinct clusters emerging around 3 million years ago.
A cohort study found that a healthy prenatal dietary pattern was linked to reduced risk of autism diagnosis and social communication difficulties in offspring. Adherence to this dietary pattern was not significantly associated with reduced restrictive and repetitive behaviors.
A new study has found that expanding rural areas around cities can cool down urban temperatures, with the largest effects seen in areas where the rural ring extends for at least half the city's diameter. The researchers recommend joining up patches of rural land and planting more woodland to mitigate urban over-heating.
Dr. Pamela Rendi-Wagner, new ECDC Director, stresses the need to restore and reinforce public trust in science after the COVID-19 pandemic. She highlights challenges such as war, climate change, and social inequalities, which can lead to misinformation and reversed medical advances. ECDC is taking steps to implement its expanded mandat...
A meta-analysis published in Ecopsychology found that even brief nature exposure can have a positive effect on symptomology, including affect, anxiety, and depression. The study suggests using nature exposure as an intervention to improve health and wellbeing for adults with mental illness.
A large-scale egg freezing study in London found consistent, predictable, and reliable success rates comparable to those of routine IVF. The 15-year study followed up on almost 30,000 eggs frozen between 2008 and 2022, with a live birth rate per embryo transfer of 26%.
A new study by researchers tracked how French infants aged four to 12 months use their mother's scent to perceive faces. The ability to perceive faces greatly improves between four and 12 months, with younger infants benefiting the most from the presence of their mother's odor.
Scientists assembled high-quality genome sequence of Amur grape, revealing its evolutionary journey and genetic secrets behind exceptional cold tolerance. The study identifies key genes responsible for resveratrol accumulation and sex determination, offering new avenues for grape breeding and cultivation.
Researchers at Ehime University have discovered a tRNA modification enzyme called ArcS that can act on nucleosides as substrates. The enzyme was found to recognize the preQ0 base in tRNA, not just its three-dimensional structure, and can synthesize archaeosine through a previously unknown pathway.
Researchers uncover CsGPA1's role in regulating floral organ number and fruit shape in cucumbers through the CLAVATA signaling pathway. This breakthrough offers insights into genetic manipulation for crop breeding improvements.