A Virginia Tech study found that female brains use a molecular process not seen in male brains to form fear memories. The researchers suggest that treatments for PTSD may need to be tailored differently for men and women. The discovery could lead to better understanding of PTSD and more effective treatments.
Researchers discovered that exercise enhances oxygen delivery to arthritic joints through tiny vesicles released from red blood cells, relieving tissue hypoxia and promoting joint health. Physical activity drives the circulation of these EVs into the joint, where they deliver oxygen and maintain joint function.
A study led by Raül Andero at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona found that the ratio of progesterone to estradiol hormones in saliva can predict memory performance, including fear extinction in both mice and humans. This hormonal balance may help identify optimal times for learning and memory tasks.
A new report describes a novel disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the TMEM63B gene, resulting in severe lung disease. The study identified five individuals from four unrelated families with similar symptoms of early onset respiratory distress, lung abnormalities, and developmental delay.
A new study found that rural patients at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea are less likely to be referred for evaluation than urban patients, even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Rural patients had a 25% lower odds of receiving a referral compared to urban patients.
Researchers from the University of Oxford have demonstrated a new family of quantum superpositions using highly nonclassical building blocks. The experiment used a trapped ion to create exotic motional superpositions with programmable control, revealing true quantum states.
Research reveals B7x facilitates immune evasion by creating a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to accelerated tumor growth rates and worsened survival outcomes. Combinatorial immunotherapy targeting B7x and PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 improves antitumor responses.
A new study found that protected bike lanes in NYC causally increase Citi Bike ridership, with a statistically significant effect of approximately 379 additional rides per station per month. However, painted bike lanes and sharrows showed no detectable causal effect, highlighting the importance of design details in cycling infrastructure.
A new study found that U.S. military veterans with both insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea have a substantially elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those with either condition alone. The risk is particularly high among younger veterans, even after accounting for demographic and metabolic factors.
Research reconstructs a timeline of chromosome folding that brings remote DNA regulatory regions into physical contact with genes they control. The study suggests that this early wiring may help pre-select genes for rapid activation by enhancers at the right time and in the right cells, orchestrating developmental decisions.
Researchers have published the first complete connectome of a fruit fly brain and 'spinal cord', allowing for the study of how neural circuits control complex behaviors. The open-source resource is poised to propel neuroscience research by providing insights into basic principles of nervous system interactions.
A pilot study of the Participant Engagement Portal (PEP) tool shows that 84% of participants had a positive experience, with high usability and satisfaction rates. PEP facilitates two-way communication between patients and clinicians, allowing for self-reporting of social risk factors and future research opportunities.
A project led by University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture researchers aims to reduce the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer by designing corn plants that better utilize nitrogen already in the soil. The goal is to decrease nitrous oxide emissions, increase nitrogen uptake, and optimize rooting patterns in corn.
Dr. Mey directs the Mitochondrial Energetics and Nutrient Utilization (MENU) Laboratory at Pennington Biomedical, researching precision nutrition and metabolic health. He will represent Pennington Biomedical and the Academy as a Media Spokesperson.
The ACT-CHIK project will conduct a Phase Ib/III clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a measles-virus-based chikungunya vaccine in four African countries. The project also aims to strengthen Africa's vaccine ecosystem by transferring the vaccine manufacturing process to an African manufacturer.
Mobile money can widen access, help small firms, and cushion shocks, but only with fair rules and safe systems. A study found that mobile money has helped lift around 194,000 households out of poverty, especially for female-headed households.
A new study found that women with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea reported worse symptoms, including sleep disturbance, fatigue, anxiety, and cognitive function, compared to men. The study suggests that current algorithms for diagnosing and treating sleep apnea may not consider the broader range of symptoms women experience.
Researchers used deep learning to model energy release during r-process nucleosynthesis in hydrodynamic simulations, gaining new insights into element formation. The results suggest that r-process heating is an important effect that should be better accounted for in future modeling.
Researchers have developed an alternative infection model using wax moth larvae to study bacterial pathogens, enabling efficient and ethically acceptable high-throughput testing. The model allows for broad screening of bacterial variants or potential new active compounds in a living organism.
A new analysis of NFL draft data reveals that higher-drafted players do not perform significantly better than lower-drafted ones, especially those chosen in the same round. Researchers found a distinct advantage for teams trading down for draft picks compared to those trading up.
A new review highlights that vitamin D deficiency is common and clinically important in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but the current evidence does not support a direct disease-modifying effect. Vitamin D supplementation shows modest benefits in some patients, particularly those with low baseline vitamin D levels.
The UMA solution proposes a distributed intelligence system to monitor and analyze charging station status in real-time, detecting anomalies and providing situational awareness. This approach enhances the security and resilience of electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
Ferroelectric thin films' thickness, strain state and domain architecture are influenced by van der Waals forces, which can be controlled through epitaxial growth on MoS2 substrates. This discovery enables the creation of higher-quality, larger thin films with improved performance.
LRBA deficiency, a rare inherited condition, impairs kidney function by disrupting water and sodium balance, leading to polyuria and electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment with desmopressin may help manage excessive urination in some patients.
Researchers have developed a gradient-laminated ceramifiable silicone foam composite that bridges the gap between passive insulation and dynamic impact resistance. The material exhibits exceptional thermal insulation and robust mechanical durability under extreme conditions, making it suitable for constructing intrinsically safe lithiu...
The UC3M project analyzes how Leganés transitioned from an agricultural environment to a commercial city, losing youth leisure spaces and local retail networks. Citizen testimonies reveal the history of the city is not only in official archives but also in daily resident experiences.
A new study found that AI-powered chatbots can make vaccine-hesitant parents more likely to say they will immunize their children against HPV, but no more than standard written public health materials. Additionally, the effects of the chatbots did not last longer than those of government health materials.
Researchers at Tohoku University's Advanced Institute for Materials Research have developed a method to summarize decades of scattered literature data into actionable information for catalyst design. By combining human intelligence, regression models, and AI agents, they can uncover new discoveries hidden in the literature data.
A new study reveals that the KDM3A/METTL16/PDK1 axis drives glycolysis and overcomes tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. The research suggests that targeting this axis with PDK1 inhibitors could be a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming acquired drug resistance.
The ESOT FiSensor combines electrical signals with light transmission, allowing simultaneous monitoring of vibration, pressure, temperature, and strain through a single fiber. Tests show exceptional performance with over 90% sensitivity retention after traveling 50 meters.
The SEB Conference 2026 will take place in Florence, Italy, from July 7-9, featuring over 600 talks on advances in experimental research. The event's theme is 'Reslience,' covering topics like biomechanics, wildlife conservation, and bio-inspired robotics.
Researchers developed anisotropy-tunable mesoporous polydopamine nanomotors with POM-mediated assembly, which combine intrinsic antibacterial activity, self-propulsion, and high drug-loading capacity. These nanomotors demonstrate enhanced antibacterial efficiency and biofilm eradication against drug-resistant bacterial biofilms.
The DFG is establishing 10 new Research Training Groups to support early-career researchers. Three of these groups are International Research Training Groups with partners in Australia and France. The groups aim to develop innovative materials, investigate conflict resolution strategies, and improve urban sustainability.
A new ultra-lightweight AI model, Multinex, advances low-light image enhancement by leveraging classical colour vision theory and Retinex principles. The model outperforms comparable compact systems, recovering detail and clarity from previously unusable images.
Researchers investigated the mechanism of a special glutamate receptor complex, GluK2/GluK5 kainate receptor heteromer, which consists of two GluK2 and two GluK5 subunits. Ligand binding at just the two GluK5 subunits is sufficient to cause receptor activation.
A nonvolatile phase-programmable spintronic terahertz emitter has been developed, allowing for ultrafast programming of terahertz wave phases. The device demonstrates reversible write-read-reset processes and spatial terahertz phase patterning with high signal-to-noise ratios.
A recent study found that SNAI1 overexpression drives cellular senescence, ribosome biogenesis, and DNA damage in renal tubular cells, exacerbating kidney fibrosis. The researchers identified 233 proteins with altered expression levels and demonstrated that Snail1 amplifies the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.
Researchers used X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze the paint layers of Mercker's 'Die Stätte des 9. November', revealing Nazi symbols covered up in oil paints containing titanium white. The study sheds light on the collaboration between artists and the Nazi regime during this period.
A cohort study found that smartphone acquisition at age 13 was linked to increased risk of insufficient sleep at age 14. Excessive smartphone use was also tied to higher odds of depression and obesity. Limiting screen time may protect adolescents from these outcomes.
Researchers found that Buyang Huanwu Decoction alleviates acute inflammation following spinal cord injury by regulating the complement and coagulation cascades. The treatment promotes neuroprotection and motor function recovery, suppressing microglia-mediated inflammation.
The NYU Earth Systems Institute aims to predict environmental changes and advance measures to prepare for a changing planet. The institute combines AI, engineering, and natural science expertise to improve weather and climate projections and strengthen food, water, and energy systems.
A new study has found that standard antibody-based tests can fail to detect all gluten residues in barley beer, leading to concerns about the safety of gluten-free products. Researchers developed a new mass spectrometry method to identify celiac disease-active peptides, which were found in some 'gluten-free' beers.
Scientists have isolated a key gene from maize's wild ancestor, teosinte, which enhances seed protein content. The study reveals the molecular mechanism behind the decline in maize protein content during domestication and provides a powerful genetic tool for breeding high-protein maize varieties.
Researchers at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia developed an octopus-inspired soft robotic arm with integrated tactile sensors, enabling autonomous grasp and manipulation in aquatic environments. The system combines distributed tactile sensing and decentralized control to detect contact and adapt grip autonomously.
Researchers developed a lock-in thermography-based method to rapidly characterize structural imperfections in freestanding oxide membranes. The study found distinct thermal responses for different types of defects, including microcracks and wrinkles, enabling efficient defect screening and quality evaluation.
A study found that implementing earlier egg introduction guidelines resulted in measurable decreases in egg allergy cases. The updated guidelines, based on randomized trial evidence, may contribute to a reduction in food allergy prevalence when effectively implemented.
Postoperative delirium is a strong predictor of long-term cognitive decline in older adults, according to a new study. Researchers found that delirium was associated with faster cognitive decline than mild cognitive impairment, and rehospitalizations did not explain the effect.
A study characterizes peripheral immune alterations in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, identifying a distinct CD14+CXCL10+ monocyte subpopulation associated with inflammatory network remodeling and disease activity. The monocyte subset is enriched in active sJIA states and exists in a heightened state of immune surveillance.
A new study has uncovered how antidepressants affect different groups of serotonin-producing brain cells in opposite ways. Researchers found two distinct subpopulations of neurons that respond differently to SSRIs, mirroring the clinical picture where unpleasant effects come first and relief comes later.
A digital model guides cleaner biohydrogen production by resolving the balance between microbial growth, by-product formation, and hydrogen generation. The study reveals that amino acid biosynthesis and selected gene targets can improve fermentative biohydrogen production, with potential applications in industrial biotechnology.
A recent study found that melanoma disproportionately affects Florida's senior population, with older men experiencing twice as many skin cancer-related deaths as women. The study highlights gaps in prevention and early detection, particularly among men and non-Hispanic populations.
The American Heart Association warns that extreme heat events are increasing, posing significant cardiovascular risks. The statement outlines contributing factors and recommendations to mitigate these risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as older adults and those with low incomes.
A new paper by over 20 protein experts examines widely held propositions about dietary protein, concluding that some science is insufficient or not robust enough to support certain claims. Key findings include the importance of protein quality, individual essential amino acids, and nuance in high-protein intake during weight loss.
A major security vulnerability was discovered, allowing attackers to fake their identity in smartphone text conversations by exploiting the difference between email and text message formats. The issue was patched in Android and Apple smartphones as well as all major wireless carriers, including Verizon and T-Mobile.
The Laboratory in Northern Kenya (LiNK) improves conservation-led veterinary medicine by providing accessible diagnostic infrastructure. The lab, established through a collaborative partnership, serves the northern Kenya landscape and enhances the country's national wildlife health infrastructure.
Researchers at Chiba University successfully synthesize bisleuconothine A and bousigonine B using a new organocatalytic reaction, unlocking the efficient production of these complex alkaloids with unique medical potential. The development paves the way for new therapeutics and accelerates research into complex indole alkaloids.
Researchers developed a mathematical formula to estimate microplastic mass and size concentrations from limited data, enabling more efficient surveys. The new approach allows for the estimation of small microplastics often overlooked in field surveys, which can help track pollution sources and trends.
Researchers uncover how a previously uncharacterized transporter protein controls magnesium transport in rice, leading to improved grain development, nutritional quality, and cooked texture. The study reveals that magnesium transport is closely linked to crop productivity and sensory traits.
By inducing rhythmic on-and-off activity in small portions of the brain, researchers triggered a recalibration of neural connections that normally only occurs during sleep. This approach offset the effects of sleep deprivation and revealed features of sleep key to its restorative effect, including improved tactile memory tasks.
Researchers found that superheating in magma delays crystal formation, allowing magma to rise rapidly and potentially promoting dramatic lava fountaining behaviour. This discovery helps address a long-standing scientific debate on how magma's thermal history influences crystallisation processes before and during eruptions.