Russian scientists have developed a new technique for antibiotic efficiency testing, which measures antimicrobial activity and determines the mode of action. The system allows for the analysis of thousands of compounds per day and provides insights into the efficacy of new germicides.
Researchers analyzed incubation rhythms of 32 monogamous shorebird species across 729 nests, finding significant within- and between-species diversity. The study suggests that the risk of egg loss from predators is a key factor determining incubation bout lengths, with cryptic nest behavior influencing this relationship.
Researchers have developed a method to manipulate microparticles using laser light, creating fast waterflows that allow for efficient surface cleaning without damaging the material. The technique also enables the assembly of micro- and nanoparticle patterns at solid-liquid interfaces with high precision.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University have discovered the mechanisms of DNA packaging in the cell nucleus, which has implications for epigenetic control of gene expression. The study reveals that chromatin structures maintain high levels of packing and flexibility despite traditional notions.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University have developed a bolometer device that measures electromagnetic radiation energy flow using graphene oxide. The device operates at room temperature without additional cooling, demonstrating the potential of graphene in practical applications.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University have developed a new, eco-friendly method for obtaining silicon nanowires, replacing hydrofluoric acid with ammonium fluoride. The produced nanowires show promising applications in micro- and optoelectronics, photonics, PV, sensorics, and biomedicine.
Scientists investigate how water flows near superhydrophobic surfaces, finding that liquids can exhibit unusual properties like hydrodynamic slip. The research uses an atomic-force microscope to measure the slip length and develop new theories for these systems.
Scientists developed a method to measure the oxygen coefficient of uranium in complex oxides using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The new technique provides accurate information on uranium oxidation state, essential for creating nuclear reactor fuel, waste disposal templates, and environmental rehabilitation technologies.
Physicists at Lomonosov Moscow State University have successfully controlled the polarization of light, reducing its speed by up to 10 times. This breakthrough has significant implications for the development of spatial light modulators, which could enable faster and more efficient data processing in photonic computers.
Physicists devise a method to control optical solitons in microresonators, allowing for stable pulse generation and spectral comb formation. This enables precise measurement of optical frequencies, including those in the radio wave range.
The study found that silver nanoparticles' protein corona reduces their toxicity by forming silver sulfide nanocrystals, which are non-toxic. In the absence of a soft corona, Ag2S crystals form, precipitating toxic silver ions.
Researchers found that even slight deviations from the ideal crystal structure significantly alter the display of the magnetocaloric effect. The study revealed previously unknown features of phase transition and deepened understanding of the causes of the giant MCE.
Researchers have discovered previously unknown regularities of arthropod limbs based on studies of the remipede Speleonectes tulumensis. The analysis revealed that mathematical formulas can predict the number of setae on each appendage, shedding light on the evolutionary mechanisms of these crustaceans.
Researchers found that platelets must undergo a process called mitochondrial necrosis, where they release calcium and reactive oxygen species, causing the cell to collapse. This programmed death allows platelets to transition into super-activated states, which accelerate blood clotting.
A team of Russian physicists developed a method to use the magnetocaloric effect for targeted drug delivery to implants, avoiding rejection. The technique involves applying an external magnetic field to lower the temperature of a magnetic material, releasing a controlled dose of medication at the implant site.
Gasotransmitters, such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, play a crucial role in regulating human behavior, neurophysiological processes, and mental disorders. These gaseous substances are produced by both the host cells and gut microorganisms, influencing energy metabolism, immune function, and cognitive activities.
Researchers discover a derivative of [3]-radialene, a small planar molecule, which can be used to create organic semiconductors. The molecule increases the electrical conductivity of polymers by several tens and hundreds of times, paving the way for new organic solar cells and field-effect transistors.
A team of Russian physicists used a personal computer with GPU to solve complicated integral equations of quantum mechanics, previously only solvable with expensive supercomputers. They achieved speeds up to 15 minutes for calculations that took days on supercomputers.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University demonstrated the effect of all-optical switching between streams of photons using non-linear metamaterials, which can manipulate photons in a new way. This breakthrough could lead to faster data transfer and high-speed communication technologies.
The two institutions will establish long-term partnerships for joint fundamental and applied research, investigating mechanisms for implementing innovative projects. They will also cooperate on organizing scientific, educational, and technological centers in Russia and the UAE.
The second detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes is a significant milestone in the development of physics. Scientists have found that the observed gravity waves were generated by two black holes with masses of 14 and 8 solar masses, which merged to form a single rotating black hole.
A scientist at Lomonosov Moscow State University studied the influence of carbon nanotube 'stuffing' on their electronic properties. The researcher identified four main reasons why this method is promising for tailoring electronic properties.
Physicists at Lomonosov Moscow State University propose a theoretical model for analyzing the conformational behavior of hydrophobically modified polymer gels in solution. The model explains experimentally observed phenomena and reveals new ways to control gel susceptibility, promising applications in drug delivery systems.
Lomonosov Moscow State University scientists have developed a new method to extract DNA from various organisms. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of preventive vaccines against infectious diseases, allergies, and cancers.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University develop nanoparticles that can efficiently penetrate into cancer cells, emitting light to aid in early diagnosis. The particles can also be used as targeted drug delivery systems, offering a promising approach for cancer treatment.
Scientists found that an early Arctic spring in Africa is killing red knots by disrupting their food supply. The birds' short beaks limit their access to shellfish, essential for survival.
Researchers developed a line of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, SkQ-ions, to protect cardiolipin molecules from oxidation. The study revealed that small doses of synthetic antioxidants could provide a distinct therapeutic effect despite the presence of large quantities of natural antioxidants.
Researchers developed gel nano-capsules that can release medicine in response to temperature changes, improving the efficiency of targeted drug delivery. The innovation overcomes existing challenges, such as aggregation and electrostatic interactions.
Russian scientists have identified a unique enzyme in E. coli that enables the bacterium to breathe, despite the presence of hydrogen sulfide, which would normally inhibit mitochondrial respiration. This discovery could lead to the development of new antibiotics that target specific types of bacteria without harming human cells.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University develop method to suppress fungal resistance to antifungal drugs by targeting ABC-transporters. The discovery has potential to improve effectiveness of antifungal medications and combat growing multidrug-resistant fungal strains.
Researchers created an efficient diode-pumped eye-safe laser using GdAl3 single crystals co-doped with Er and Yb. The laser emits safe wavelengths for human eyes and has advantages in telecoms due to low atmospheric losses.
Researchers describe the complex structure and proposed explanation for the unusual properties of Fe4O5, a recently discovered iron oxide that exhibits a four-dimensional crystal structure. The material shows similarities to magnetite but lacks ferroelectric properties, sparking interest in its potential practical applications.
A team of Russian scientists has identified a gene responsible for the development of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The study found that mutations in the T-cadherin protein are associated with an increased risk of cardiac ischemia, highlighting a potential new target for preventing cardiovascular disease.
A team of Russian scientists has measured the temperature dependences of two energetic gaps in iron-based superconductors, a breakthrough that could help solve questions about their appearance. The discovery confirms the existence of two-gap superconductivity, which was previously doubted, and highlights the complexity of this phenomenon.
Researchers identified a gene mutation increasing superoxide production, which damages DNA and cellular components. The study also shows the importance of understanding living systems and developing therapies for patients with related gene mutations.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University found that heat shock triggers DNA damage response, leading to cellular senescence. The study's results may help develop new methods for curing cancer.
Cell biologists from Lomonosov Moscow State University discovered a new way to regulate cell motility, enabling the development of new medicines for cancer and vessel diseases. The study found that protein kinase LOSK regulates dynactin, a complex protein necessary for retrograde intercellular transport.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University discovered the key trigger of Alzheimer's disease development, involving zinc ions and peptide aggregation. They propose a mechanism for transforming healthy peptides into toxic ones, paving the way for new medicine to block beta-amyloid peptide aggregation.
Lomonosov Moscow State University scientists discovered that skin cancer basal cell carcinoma contains gene mutations linked to other cancer types, including melanoma. The study found that 85% of BCC cases contain Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway gene mutations, which resist anticancer therapy.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University found over 10,000 problematic scenes in 105 Blu-ray discs, including 65 scenes with left-right view swap. This suggests a 21% probability of buying a Blu-ray 3D movie with at least one such scene.
Scientists designed a novel bispecific antibody that selectively blocks overproduction of TNF, a protein harmful when overproduced in autoimmune diseases. The prototype shows promise for treating conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University successfully controlled ultrafast motion of electrons down to three attoseconds, breaking natural obstacles and observing quantum interference. The achievement opens a new horizon for studying ultrafast processes in physics.
Scientists at MSU have created a new cathode material for Li-ion batteries that can enhance charge rates drastically. The material demonstrated high charge/discharge rates while retaining over 75% of initial capacity, making it a promising contender for commercialized high-power cathode materials.
Astronomer Maxim Pshirkov discovered a new source of gamma-radiation in the Gamma Velorum binary system, confirming that colliding stellar winds generate high-energy photon emission. The system's strong stellar winds produce a photon flux with energies exceeding 100 MeV, detected by Fermi LAT.
Researchers detected a trend of lowering aerosol percentage in Moscow over the XXI century. The decrease is attributed to reduced anthropogenic emissions of proto-aerosol gases due to higher petrol quality and lower sulfur oxide emissions, with significant effects during spring and autumn periods.
Biologists from Moscow State University found new luminescent creatures in the Red Sea, with unique fluorescent patterns that can help identify different species. The study published in PLOS ONE reveals insights into the role of glow in attracting prey and exploring symbiotic relationships.
Researchers from Lomonosov Moscow State University studied histamine molecules using gas electron diffraction and quantum-chemical calculations. They were able to determine the molecule's geometric structure and predict its mechanism of tautomerization, a spontaneous transition between structural states.
Researchers from Moscow State University have grown organic semiconductor crystals with extremely high light-emitting efficiency, promising a bright future for wet-processed organic optoelectronics. The solution-grown crystals outperform vapor-grown ones in luminescence efficiency and quantum yield.
Researchers at MSU clarify how living cells determine the start of protein synthesis, introducing a new facet to the mechanism. The discovery reveals that GTP hydrolysis plays a crucial role in determining whether a ribosome recognizes an AUG codon or not.
Russian scientists have predicted a decrease in solar magnetic activity, which could lead to cooler temperatures in Europe. The researchers used analysis of solar radiation and isotopes to create a model that predicts the Sun's behavior over the next thousand years.