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Université de Genève


The Down syndrome 'super genome'

A study by UNIGE and UNIL researchers found that individuals with Down syndrome have an excellent genome, better than the average genome of people without the genetic abnormality. This high-quality genome may compensate for the disabilities caused by the extra chromosome 21, enabling some fetuses to reach full term and grow up to old age.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalGenome Research·DateJan 19, 2018

Orbital mayhem around a red dwarf

Researchers at UNIGE detected an exoplanet with a highly inclined orbit around a red dwarf star, evading circular motion and instead following a polar path. This unusual behavior is attributed to the presence of an unknown companion planet that disturbs its path.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature·DateDec 18, 2017

Voices and emotions: The forehead is the key

Researchers at the University of Geneva discovered the brain regions used to categorize emotions communicated vocally, highlighting the crucial role of the frontal lobe. The study found that the inferior frontal cortex is activated when categorizing and discriminating emotions from voices.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalScientific Reports·DateDec 13, 2017

Trisomy 21: Research breaks new ground

The study found that trisomy 21 affects proteins on all chromosomes, leading to an overdose of proteins and dysregulated cellular functions. This deregulation disrupts the cell's ability to regulate protein production, resulting in symptoms such as intellectual impairment and congenital heart disease.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 28, 2017

Type 2 diabetes, it all starts in the liver

Researchers from UNIGE have identified a key role for the liver in the development of type 2 diabetes, linked to obesity and inflammation. By targeting the protein PTPR-γ, scientists may uncover new therapeutic strategies to prevent insulin resistance and related metabolic conditions.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 28, 2017

When magma prevents volcanic eruptions

Researchers from UNIGE and Roma Tre used thermal and experimental models to explain caldera resurgence, a process that prevents volcanic eruptions. The leftover magma behaves like a 'rubber sheet' due to its higher viscosity, stopping the new magma from reaching the surface.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 24, 2017

Lending late neurons a helping hand

University of Geneva researchers found that delayed neuronal migration in the fetus causes behavior disorders comparable to autism. They also discovered that correcting late neuron activity can restore interneuronal connections and prevent behavioral problems.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateNov 7, 2017

A new weapon against malaria

Researchers have identified two proteases essential for the malaria parasite's survival and dissemination, as well as a molecule capable of inhibiting them. This discovery could lead to the development of drugs blocking not only the parasite's development in humans but also its transmission to mosquitoes.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalScience·DateOct 26, 2017

Tubules to stop cell growth

Researchers discovered how TORC1 protein complexes regulate cell growth in response to sugar availability. In the absence of sugar, these complexes self-assemble into massive tubular structures that halt cell growth. The formation and disassembly of these tubules can be easily observed in living cells.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature·DateOct 4, 2017

Our muscles measure the time of day

Researchers discovered that muscle cell lipid composition varies with the time of day, influenced by a biological clock, which could help regulate insulin sensitivity. This variation is linked to type 2 diabetes development.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateOct 2, 2017

Drought -- a cause of riots

A study published in the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management found a systematic link between droughts and riots in sub-Saharan Africa. Droughts increase the possibility of rioting by 10% in a given month, with population density playing a key role in this relationship.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalJournal of Environmental Economics and Management·DateSep 26, 2017

Climate change can goad volcanoes into life

Researchers found that climate change led to a sharp rise in volcanic activity as the Mediterranean Sea dried up, contradicting previous hypotheses. The study used numerical models to test scenarios and confirmed that the massive loss of sea level was the primary cause of increased magmatic activity.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Geoscience·DateSep 25, 2017

A new approach to high insulin levels

Congenital hyperinsulinism is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to permanent activation of the GDH protein, resulting in excessive insulin production. This triggers chronic hypoglycaemia, brain damage, and intellectual retardation. A new study may pave the way for novel therapies, including a drug that inhibits the GDH accelerator.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalHuman Molecular Genetics·DateSep 18, 2017

The return of the comet-like exoplanet

Astronomers have discovered an exoplanet, GJ 436b, with a huge gas cloud resembling a comet's tail, caused by intense stellar irradiation. The planet's atmosphere loses hydrogen due to the star's radiation, forming a massive cloud that absorbs UV radiation.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·DateSep 14, 2017

Modeling human psychology

A mathematical model of embodied consciousness predicts states of consciousness and behavior, analyzing free energy and projective geometry. The model, developed by an international team of experts, has potential industrial applications in robotics, AI, and healthcare.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalJournal of Theoretical Biology·DateAug 16, 2017

Mercury is altering gene expression

Researchers measured the effect of low-level mercury concentrations on microalga gene expression, revealing widespread deregulation of genes involved in various processes. This study provides insight into the environmental and public health implications of mercury's entry into the food chain.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalScientific Reports·DateAug 15, 2017

A new test to detect reliably an autoimmune disease

Researchers at Université de Genève have developed a new test to detect anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), an autoimmune disease affecting around 0.5% of the population. The test targets the specific antibody that binds to cells, producing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factors, offering improved accuracy and standardization.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalHaematologica·DateJun 14, 2017

What the hair of a fly tells us about cancer

Scientists at the University of Geneva found that a protein called Sara plays a crucial role in guiding endosomes to differentiate between cells, a process essential for fly hair development. Mutant flies without Sara have naked backs, highlighting the significance of this mechanism in cancer tumour formation.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateJun 6, 2017

Random numbers: Hard times ahead for hackers

Researchers at the University of Geneva have created a self-testing quantum random number generator that ensures reliability and unpredictability. This device allows users to verify generated numbers in real-time, making it difficult for hackers to exploit bias or imperfections.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalPhysical Review Applied·DateMay 31, 2017

A fresh look inside the protein nano-machines

A new study by Université de Genève researchers reveals the basic geometry of the gene-to-protein code, highlighting the mechanical basis for DNA's map of functional proteins. The research focuses on the segment of the gene coding the hinges of nano-machines, which are essential for protein function.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalPhysical Review X·DateMay 24, 2017

The liver increases by half during the day

In a study published in Cell, researchers found that liver size in mice increases by almost half before returning to its initial dimensions. The fluctuations are influenced by the rhythm of food intake and physical activity. The discovery sheds light on how our circadian clock affects liver function.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalCell·DateMay 4, 2017

How to color a lizard: From biology to mathematics

Researchers at Université de Genève discovered that a lizard's skin color pattern forms a cellular automaton, a natural process generated by biological evolution, using a computational system invented by John von Neumann. Computer simulations implemented the discretisation of Turing's equations, which linked the biology-driven mechanis...

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature·DateApr 12, 2017

When writing interferes with hearing

Researchers found that certain 'super-readers' with reorganized brain circuits perform better in tasks involving written words, while others with intact auditory-visual integration achieve more accurate results. This study highlights the crucial role of brain interactions in cochlear implant success.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalNature Communications·DateMar 28, 2017

Copper-bottomed deposits

Scientists at Université de Genève studied over 100,000 combinations to establish a model predicting the amount of copper present in deposits. The researchers found that factors such as magma depth and duration determine the quantity of copper, with optimal conditions ranging from 20 km depth and 2 million years injection time.

SourceUniversité de Genève·JournalScientific Reports·DateMar 15, 2017