Articles tagged with Algorithms
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum used artificial intelligence to predict the structure of thin films, reducing the need for extensive experiments. The team developed a generative model that can generate images of the surface of a layer under specific process parameters, enabling the identification of optimal material formulas.
Researchers used a computer algorithm inspired by slime mould to create a three-dimensional map of the cosmic web structure in the local Universe. The analysis revealed that intergalactic gas is organised into filaments and detected at distances over 10 million light-years from galaxies.
Iowa State University engineers develop a closed-form solution for the inverse chirp z-transform, enabling efficient computation on the unit circle and lifting restrictions of existing algorithms. The algorithm achieves high accuracy with 64-bit floating-point numbers and operates in O(n log n) time.
Researchers at six universities, including UT Austin, are launching a partnership to turn AI 'black boxes' into human-understandable computer code. This will enable solving hitherto unsolvable problems in fields like drug design and cognitive science.
A new computer algorithm inspired by the mammalian olfactory system rapidly learns patterns and identifies smells even with strong sensory interference. The algorithm is applied to a neuromorphic computer chip, Loihi, which can learn to identify patterns or perform tasks a thousand times faster than traditional methods.
By using approximations instead of explicit kernels, researchers have accelerated machine learning speeds and improved AI's ability to handle large datasets. The new approach uses statistics to derive a nearly accurate kernel that can be computed much faster than traditional methods.
Researchers have successfully mapped the cosmic web's filamentary structure using a slime mold-inspired algorithm, providing insights into dark matter's role in shaping the universe. The study revealed that denser regions of intergalactic gas are organized into filaments that stretch over 10 million light-years from galaxies.
Researchers have developed an algorithm that uses the transit time of sound waves to assign echoes to specific walls. The drone's six degrees of freedom are sufficient for optimal microphone placement, reducing ghost wall detection. This innovation opens a new pathway towards practical applications in various fields.
A new algorithm has been discovered that can accurately register two point sets consisting of millions of points in a fraction of the time taken by conventional methods. The algorithm's accuracy is not compromised despite using approximations, and it has wide-ranging applications in computer graphics and computer vision.
Researchers developed a scalable method for estimating crop productivity in real time using satellite data, in-field camera networks, and ground measurements. The method provides highly accurate estimates of leaf area index (LAI) and can be used to detect underperforming fields or segments that need targeted management practices.
Researchers from UNSW Sydney have successfully analyzed the complex structure of benzene in 126 dimensions, shedding light on its stability and interactions. The discovery reveals unexpected electron behavior, where up-spin double-bonded electrons interact with down-spin single-bonded electrons.
Using Euclid's algorithm as an example, Dr. Lamport showed how a precise mathematical formula can be used to specify an algorithm, making it more efficient and easier to debug. By using math instead of code, developers can reduce the size of their programs by up to ten times and make debugging easier.
Computational biologists at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a new algorithm, MOCHI, to identify communities within the cell nucleus. The algorithm uses spatial arrangement and genetic interactions to subdivide interwoven nuclear components into groups.
A study by Stanford and UC Berkeley researchers found that algorithms are significantly more accurate than humans in predicting recidivism, approaching 90% accuracy. In contrast, human prediction rates were around 60%. The findings have important implications for criminal justice reform and the use of risk-assessment tools.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have developed an algorithm that can solve complex problems with remarkable facility on a personal computer. The SPA algorithm enables accurate weather forecasts with a prediction error of only 0.75 degrees Celsius, surpassing the performance of supercomputers.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo developed an algorithm that combines statistical modeling techniques with machine learning-based image recognition to analyze social media data. The algorithm predicts consumer purchases and allows brands to identify potential customers.
A team from Universitat Rovira i Virgili developed an algorithm that makes accurate predictions and generates interpretable models. This allows for a better understanding of the data, reducing biases in original data and providing valuable information for scientists.
University of Illinois researchers develop a new tire design that prioritizes puncture-free strength while maintaining elasticity for a shock-free ride. The study uses computer optimization to create unique structural patterns in the shear layer, ensuring the material can withstand pressure without failing.
A new AI algorithm developed by researchers can analyze retinal images to predict which patients with diabetic macular edema are likely to respond to anti-VEGF therapy. The algorithm achieved an 87% accuracy rate in predicting treatment response, offering a potential breakthrough in personalized medicine.
A Tel Aviv University study finds two writers composed 31 of 100 inscriptions from 8th-century BCE Samaria, providing insights into the logistical infrastructure of the kingdom of Israel and limited literacy rates in the early eighth century BCE.
Researchers have developed a custom artificial neural network that can analyze molecular signals controlling gene function, enabling biologists to understand complex mechanisms of gene regulation. This breakthrough enables the creation of machine learning algorithms that reflect common concepts in biology.
The MIT-developed model uses anonymized credit card transactions and quarterly reports to predict company earnings, outperforming human analysts on 57% of predictions. The researchers' method tackles the 'small data' problem by combining noisy signals with traditional financial data.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed an algorithm to analyze biometric data from smart devices and recommend personalized sleep and light schedules. The approach has been shown to estimate circadian rhythm variation with high accuracy, potentially benefiting travelers and service members.
A new algorithm called OnTAD rapidly identifies and elucidates the functions of topologically associating domains (TADs), which are disrupted in diseases like cancer. The tool reveals increased gene expression in hierarchical TADs, associated with active epigenetic states.
A Wayne State University research team will develop algorithms to detect and prevent cyberattacks on chemical process control systems, enhancing production efficiency and safety. The three-year project aims to create stronger safeguards against automation system attacks.
A team of Brown University researchers used a brain-computer interface to reconstruct English words from neural signals recorded in the brains of nonhuman primates. The study showed that neural data produced high-fidelity reconstructions that were clear to a human listener, using multielectrode arrays for the first time.
A new blockchain algorithm called Proof-of-Search (PoS) has been proposed to reduce the environmental impact of Bitcoin mining by redirecting wasted energy towards solving optimization problems. The algorithm preserves the robustness of PoW while introducing miniblocks to prevent corruption.
A new study proposes using standard compression algorithms like zip software to calculate entropy, providing insights into protein folding and other complex systems. This method has endless applications in fields such as biomedical simulations and basic research.
Economists propose a novel approach to measuring inequality, accounting for individual relationships and social interactions. The new method correctly calculates the Gini coefficient by considering differences between individuals' wealth, not just individual values.
A new framework for designing machine learning algorithms helps prevent undesirable behavior, including biases in medical diagnoses and financial predictions. The approach shifts the burden from users to designers, making it easier to create 'well-behaved' algorithms without requiring extensive domain knowledge or complex data analysis.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology have completed the first census of Wikipedia's 1,601 bots, shedding light on their functions and interactions with human users. The study found that bots play nine core roles, including fixers, connectors, and protectors, which together account for about 10% of all activity on the site.
Researchers at Stanford and UMass Amherst develop a new technique to create machine-learning algorithms that can learn to avoid undesirable outcomes such as gender bias and excessive risk. Their approach, called the Seldonian algorithm, enables users to specify what behaviors they want an AI system to avoid with high probability.
Researchers found that hiring algorithms are often opaque and biased, with few vendors disclosing concrete information on validation and mitigation. The study encourages transparency and conversation around ethical decision-making in pre-employment assessments using machine learning.
Researchers have created a spatial map of gene expression for individual cells in various tissues, including the liver and intestinal epithelium. The new algorithm, called 'novoSpaRc', uses machine learning to track gene activity and reveals new insights into tissue organization and regulation.
Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München have developed a new workflow for producing formaldehyde that increases yields by a factor of five, making it more efficient and sustainable than traditional methods. This breakthrough could significantly contribute to climate mitigation, with annual global production exceeding 20 m...
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology developed a meal-detection system that can accurately calculate carbohydrate intake in real-time, allowing for faster insulin administration. The system's estimates are remarkably accurate, outperforming previous systems by up to 17 grams.
A new co-regulation map of the human proteome has been created, enabling the prediction and assignment of functions to uncharacterized human proteins. The map reveals unexpected partnerships between proteins, including peroxisomal membrane protein PEX11β with mitochondrial respiration factors.
A team of international researchers has developed a new control algorithm that reduces the complexity of bilateral teleoperation systems while maintaining their performance. The proposed composited stated convergence scheme achieves this by reducing communication channels, resulting in better transient performance.
Researchers developed a compact depth sensor inspired by jumping spiders' impressive depth perception. The metalens sensor combines with an ultra-efficient algorithm to measure depth in a single shot, enabling applications in microrobots, small wearable devices, and virtual/augmented reality headsets.
A new study from UC Berkeley and Chicago Booth reveals significant racial bias in software programs that determine access to high-risk healthcare management programs. Fixing this bias could more than double the number of black patients automatically admitted to these programs.
Researchers developed an algorithm to recommend tags for social media posts, resulting in a 20% boost in popularity. The system takes into account user popularity and content emotional impressions to suggest effective tags.
A new study from the University of Illinois introduces a tool that helps quantify the connection between traffic accidents and city road networks. Researchers found that commuters willing to take longer trips can reduce accidents by up to 18%.
Developed by Chung-Ang University researchers, the new exosuit helps users walk and run more efficiently while reducing energy expenditure. It features a fabric vest, wires, and batteries, weighing just 5kg and automatically switching between walking and running modes.
A team of researchers at KAUST has developed a mathematical bridge between high-level symbolic representations and statistical data, enabling artificial intelligence algorithms to make use of vast stores of symbolic knowledge. This breakthrough could lead to significant improvements in machine learning and biomedical applications.
Researchers at MIT have created an algorithm that significantly speeds up the planning process required for robots to adjust their grasp on objects. The new approach uses motion cones to efficiently calculate feasible pushes and reposition objects in less than a second, compared to traditional algorithms that take over 500 seconds.
Researchers at Iowa State University have developed a new algorithm to solve the inverse chirp z-transform (ICZT), a problem that had gone unsolved for 50 years. The algorithm has been tested for numerical accuracy and shows promising results in terms of computational complexity.
The University of New Mexico-led project, Cognitive Autonomy for Human CPS: Turning Novices into Experts, seeks to develop a framework for improving autonomous technology's adaptability to real-life human behavior. The team will investigate ways to anticipate and mitigate common human-automation interaction problems.
Researchers at Duke University use machine learning to model complex biological circuits, achieving speeds of hours instead of years or months. By training a deep neural network on large datasets, they uncover patterns and interactions between variables that were previously impossible to discover.
Researchers at UCSB have enabled identifying a person behind a wall using only WiFi transceivers outside, utilizing received power measurements of a WiFi link. The proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 84% in correctly identifying the person behind the wall, with potential applications in surveillance and security.
A new algorithm developed by MIT student Trevor Henderson seamlessly blends different audio signals in real-time, recreating the portamento effect. The algorithm uses optimal transport to map pitches from one signal to another, producing a smooth transition without volume fading.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London used AI to analyze 17,000 healthy UK Biobank volunteers' heart MRI images, finding genetic factors account for 22-39% variation in left ventricle size and function. The study identified 14 genome regions associated with heart structure and function.
Duke University engineers used machine learning to design dielectric metamaterials that absorb and emit specific frequencies of terahertz radiation, reducing calculation time from over 2,000 years to just 23 hours. The new designs enable thermophotovoltaic devices that convert waste heat to electricity with higher efficiency.
A study found that cardiovascular disease risk prediction algorithms may underestimate the risk for people with severe mental illness, often defined as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. The algorithm consistently underestimated cardiovascular disease rates in this group, particularly in women.
Researchers at the University of Bern have been awarded prestigious starting grants for their innovative projects on digital 3D models and fluid-rock interactions. The €1.5 million AlgoHex project aims to develop algorithms for automatic hexahedral mesh generation, while the €2 million PROMOTING project seeks to model fluid pathways in...
A three-year grant of 1.2 million rubles will support PhD candidate Angelina Markina's work on efficient algorithms for microstrip antenna design. The project aims to develop mathematical models and prototypes for various frequencies, enabling multi-bandwidth applications including 5G.
Researchers at USC Institute for Creative Technologies found that spontaneous facial expressions are often context-dependent and do not accurately reveal intentions. The study challenges the assumption that facial expressions can be used to predict feelings and actions.
A study by Karolinska Institutet shows that a mobile phone-based treatment adjustment algorithm can improve symptoms and medication adherence in uncontrolled asthma sufferers. The digital tool, AsthmaTuner, analyzes lung function and symptoms to provide personalized feedback and treatment recommendations.
A study of 3.5 million books found that words describing women tend to focus on physical appearance, while those describing men refer to behavior and personal qualities. The analysis highlights the potential impact of biased language on AI systems and employee recommendations.
A new algorithm developed by University of Waterloo researchers increases the efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems and reduces power waste, with potential savings of up to 138.9 kWh/year for small home-use systems. The technique could lead to substantial reductions in emissions from large-scale solar farms.
A team of scientists at EPFL developed an algorithm that can estimate a microscope's resolution from a single image, boosting image quality and enabling optimized imaging conditions. The algorithm has been made available as an open-source plugin, allowing researchers to directly obtain the estimate and optimize their microscopes.