Articles tagged with Algorithms
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers used network analysis to rank films and their creators based on references in subsequent movies. The study found that influential films were mostly produced before 1980 and featured top US directors like Hitchcock, Spielberg, and Kubrick.
A new algorithm computes and enables realistic movement and distortion of 3D surfaces, including gravity, contact, and friction. The method allows users to freely design garments around a 3D character without worrying about physics.
A RIT researcher is developing new signal processing solutions to improve data analysis efficiency and reliability. The project aims to reduce the impact of faulty measurements in complex sensing systems by creating algorithms that can detect and mitigate corrupted data.
Researchers have developed a new method to replicate complex natural tessellations on surface meshes using layered fields and sparse linear algebra kernels. The algorithm is platform-independent, concise, and achieves considerable performance gains over existing serial Voronoi diagram codes.
A new machine learning algorithm combined with a handheld smartphone device can accurately estimate the gestational age of premature newborns. The technology has the potential to aid healthcare workers in remote and low-income countries, where preterm births are a leading cause of child mortality.
Researchers identify potential causes of bias in machine learning systems and demonstrate how changing data collection methods can reduce bias without compromising accuracy. They suggest identifying clusters of patients with high disparities in accuracy to inform data collection decisions.
A team of researchers is using a $820,000 DARPA grant to design a new kind of chip that can automatically match software with hardware, significantly reducing the time it takes. The chip, called DASH-SoC, aims to achieve this in just five nanoseconds.
The Orcasound project has developed a web application that enables citizen scientists to listen to livestreaming audio from hydrophones, complementing computer algorithms in analyzing data. The app aims to bring synergy between human listeners and sophisticated algorithms, saving audio data to online cloud storage for later analysis.
A University of Pittsburgh researcher is using video games to test and improve artificial intelligence algorithms. The goal is to create AIs that can learn from their mistakes in complex, uncertain environments. By analyzing gameplay data, the algorithm can refine its strategies for optimal decision-making.
Researchers developed a new approach to interpret machine learning algorithms, revealing how they can produce nonsensical answers even when given meaningful inputs. By reducing inputs to the bare minimum required for correct answers, the method provides insights into algorithmic limitations and potential solutions.
Researchers at Dartmouth College used the Bible to develop an algorithm that can convert written works into different styles for different audiences. The study, published in Royal Society Open Science, trained on over 1.5 million unique pairings of source and target verses from various versions of the sacred texts.
A study published in EPJ Data Science found that algorithms predicting crimes more accurately than existing models, with significant improvements in predictions for assaults and drug offences. The system used location and activity data from Foursquare users to make predictions.
A computational tool using machine learning and optimization algorithms matches refugees to host communities with the best resources for success. Annie MOORE predicts refugee employment likelihood and guides resettlement workers in finding suitable placements, improving integration outcomes.
A machine-learning model provides risk assessment for complex nonlinear systems, identifying the types of extreme events likely to occur. The technique simulates wave forces and stresses on structures, offering a faster and more accurate risk assessment than traditional methods.
Researchers at MIT have developed a software tool that automatically generates maps of favorable landing sites on Mars, taking into account scientific priorities and engineering constraints. The program uses fuzzy logic to deal with imprecision in the data and can explore different landing and exploratory scenarios.
A new clinical algorithm has been developed to identify eligible patients with uncomplicated staphylococcal bloodstream infections who can take antibiotics for fewer days. This reduction in antibiotic duration is significant and could help reduce antibiotic resistance on a broader scale, benefiting individual patients and public health.
New research reveals that AI can accurately interpret respiratory symptoms and diagnose lung diseases, surpassing human specialist results. The study trained an AI algorithm using high-quality data and found it to be more consistent and accurate than doctors in interpreting test results and suggesting diagnoses.
Researchers created a model of hybrid system with two unreliable servers, finding that heterogeneity improves data transmission speed and reliability. The new reliability measurement is introduced as the distribution function of failures within a given operation period.
Researchers created an algorithm using physics of panel degradation to analyze solar farm data, providing a portable EKG for solar farms. The approach can inform better panel designs, prolong lifespan, and cut electrical bills, ultimately transforming the industry's diagnosis and decision-making processes.
Researchers at Samara University have developed an algorithm that increases internet speed up to 50% by providing fast and reliable access to powerful data processing centers. The algorithm, called 'The Neighborhoods Method', can enable scientists to participate in experiments on the hadron collider level.
Researchers created a lensless camera by connecting a digital sensor to a plexiglass window, which acts as a makeshift lens. The system can capture recognizable images with computer algorithms decoding the pixelated data. This innovation opens up possibilities for various applications, including augmented reality goggles and biometric ...
Computer vision algorithms have made significant progress in tasks such as object identification and categorization. However, they struggle with determining whether two objects in an image are the same or different. Researchers at Brown University found that this limitation stems from the inability of these algorithms to individuate ob...
A KAIST team introduced Agile 3D Sketching with Air Scaffolding, combining hand motions and pen-based sketching to create 3D shapes. The technique allows designers to reduce time while enhancing accuracy in defining proportion and scale of products.
Researchers developed an Ensemble Poisson Kalman Filter (EnPKF) algorithm that combines urban crime data and ETAS model for real-time forecasts on crime rates and predicted hotspots. The algorithm has been tested on over 1000 violent gang crimes in Los Angeles, showing promise as a tool to support law enforcement
A study from University of Helsinki reveals that sudden cold spells occurred during the Eemian interglacial period, lasting hundreds of years and impacting northern European climate. The research suggests that disturbances in North Atlantic circulation contributed to these shifts, highlighting the sensitivity of this oceanic system.
Researchers from the Santa Fe Institute developed a new algorithm called SpringRank that analyzes wins and losses in networks to predict outcomes. The algorithm outperformed others in efficiency and accuracy, even when applied to diverse datasets such as NCAA basketball teams and animal social behaviors.
Artificial neural networks can now be trained directly on an optical chip, paving the way for less expensive, faster, and more energy-efficient AI. This breakthrough enables complex tasks like speech or image recognition to be performed more efficiently.
An international team of researchers developed a new computational method to predict the functions of thousands of microbial genes. The method, based on machine learning algorithms, analyzes 'big data' from human microbiomes and other environments to identify evolutionary signals that can assign biological roles to unknown genes.
A researcher at MSU developed an algorithm to improve information security tools by reducing the complexity of scalar multiplication in elliptical curve transformations. The new algorithm achieves a 5% reduction in precomputation stage complexity and a 4% reduction in main stage complexity.
The researchers developed a novel synaptic architecture that could lead to a new class of information processing systems inspired by the brain. Prototype chips containing over one million nanoscale memristive devices were used to implement a neural network for detecting hidden patterns and correlations in time-varying signals.
The Cheetah 3 robot can navigate staircases littered with debris and recover its balance when yanked or shoved, thanks to two new algorithms developed by MIT engineers. The contact detection algorithm helps the robot determine the best time for a leg to switch from swinging in the air to stepping on the ground.
Researchers at the Higher School of Economics have developed a new method for recognizing people on video using only one photo, achieving higher recognition accuracy compared to existing methods. The algorithm uses information on how reference photos are related to correct errors in video frame recognition.
Computer scientists at Harvard SEAS developed a new algorithm that exponentially speeds up computation by reducing parallel steps required to reach a solution. The algorithm samples directions in parallel and discards low-value directions, enabling real-world summarization processes to be developed at unprecedented scale.
Researchers developed an algorithm that accelerates the registration of 3D medical images by learning from previous registrations, reducing processing time to minutes or seconds. The 'VoxelMorph' algorithm uses convolutional neural networks and achieves comparable accuracy to state-of-the-art systems.
Researchers at Princeton University have improved a proteomics method to accurately count proteins in cells under different circumstances. The new approach, TMTc+, uses a combination of cell sample preparation and computer algorithm changes to provide superior measurement accuracy and precision compared to existing methods.
A new algorithm developed by researchers at UCLA Medical Center can predict hypotension in surgical patients with high accuracy, enabling physicians to take proactive measures. The algorithm uses machine learning to analyze physiological data and identifies subtle signs of impending hypotension, reducing the risk of serious complications.
Researchers developed an algorithm to determine the optimal caffeine dosage and timing for maximum alertness during sleep loss. The 2B-Alert app uses a validated mathematical model and optimization algorithm to provide personalized caffeine-dosing strategies, improving alertness by up to 64%.
Researchers at MIT developed an algorithm to prioritize and transmit data from sensors in real-time, ensuring the freshest possible data is received by a network. The algorithm calculates an 'index' based on data age, channel reliability, and node priority, guaranteeing optimal decision-making without overloading wireless channels.
Researchers from Rice University and Duke University developed a new method to accurately estimate the number of identified victims killed in the Syrian civil war. Using 'hashing with statistical estimation,' they produced real-time estimates with a lower margin of error than existing methods.
A newly developed algorithm determines ideal caffeine dosage and timing for optimal alertness. The algorithm improves neurobehavioral performance by up to 64% using the same total amount of caffeine, or reduces caffeine consumption by up to 65% while maintaining equivalent improvements in alertness.
Researchers developed a new algorithm, GDP-ADMM, to further enhance the capabilities of SHARP in reconstructing high-resolution images from ptychographic datasets. The new framework takes advantage of state-of-the-art mathematical aspects to improve data acquisition and image resolution.
Scientists developed a machine learning approach to predict microbial pathways, allowing for faster design and development of biofuels. The method accurately predicted biofuel production profiles, outperforming traditional kinetic models.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified a hidden driver, kinases Mst1 and Mst2, that regulates the function of different dendritic cell subsets and primes anti-tumor T cells. This discovery provides clues for new treatment strategies by modulating dendritic cell activity to shape the immune response.
The Swiss State Secretariat for Migration and the Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) are testing a new data-driven method to assign asylum seekers to cantons across Switzerland. The algorithm aims to maximize job chances, and its recommendations will be compared to those of randomly allocated individuals over several years.
A NIST study reveals that facial recognition experts achieve maximum accuracy when working with artificial intelligence, rather than another human. Trained professionals outperformed untrained control groups and algorithms performed comparable to top-performers.
A study by Cornell University and MIT offers a network-based solution to the minimum fleet problem, proposing a 30-40% reduction in taxi fleet size. The research uses a matching formula to optimize ride requests and vehicle dispatching, assuming a top-down model.
A new algorithm developed by Tufts University researchers enables the self-localization of IoT devices on 5G networks, eliminating the need for centralized anchors and improving location-based services. This scalable solution can meet the demands of a projected 50 billion connected products by 2020.
Researchers at MIT have developed a fleet of autonomous boats that can ferry goods and people, reducing street traffic. The boats can also be printed using 3D technology and equipped with sensors to monitor water quality, providing insights into urban health.
A new lane-change algorithm developed by MIT allows autonomous vehicles to model an entire range of driving styles, from conservative to aggressive, with safety guarantees. The system computes buffer zones on the fly and ensures collision avoidance within a given time frame.
Researchers developed a computational way of analyzing X-ray images of lungs to assess Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. The new method uses topology, combining CT scans, high-performance computing, and algorithms to identify lung function characteristics.
HRL Laboratories joins DARPA's Assured Autonomy program with the Expressive Assurance Case Toolkit (ExACT) to ensure autonomous vehicle systems perform as programmed without unsafe behavior. The tool kit mathematically verifies algorithms lead to safe and reliable system behavior, considering physics and dynamics of the system.
A new open-access software called PyFRAP has been developed to accurately analyze molecular diffusion in living cells. The program takes into account three-dimensional structures and provides reliable results, especially under complicated conditions.
Daniel Sheldon's NSF grant aims to develop efficient algorithms for complex models, enabling scientists to make predictions and test hypotheses from large datasets. He plans to address challenges in modeling animal populations, causal reasoning about citizen scientist data, and optimizing decision-making with multiple objectives.
A study by Columbia University researchers found that social networking site Instagram's recommendation algorithms amplify homophily, making women less visible and reducing their popularity. The algorithms, which turn loose on a network with homophily, effectively make women less visible.
Researchers investigate how algorithms create personalized content and 'filter bubbles' that can foster biases and inequality. The MyBubble project aims to provide transparency into online advertising and profiling.
Researchers at University at Buffalo School of Management developed a new algorithm to establish pricing and allocate resources for cloud computing. The study provides practical formulas that companies can use to determine necessary resources and set charges for their customers.
A new method developed by researchers at USC Viterbi School of Engineering uses machine learning to measure key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and arterial stiffness using just a smartphone. The method was validated with existing tonometry data and showed high correlation with actual tonometry measurements.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a method using deep reinforcement learning to create realistic computer animations. The system, dubbed DeepMimic, can simulate various skills, including acrobatic feats like break dancing and martial arts, and respond naturally to changes in the environment.
A new 'smart' algorithm is proposed to manage household energy usage, taking into account varying power sources like windmills and solar panels. The goal is to minimize costs while meeting energy demand, with the potential for future optimization through machine learning.
A study using machine-learning algorithms and MRI analysis predicts the severity of neurologic impairment after spinal cord injury. The results show variable accuracy in classifying patients and identifying potential prognostic texture features.