Articles tagged with Spacecraft
A recent VLA and ALMA study investigated Jupiter's atmosphere and Io's volcanic activity, shedding light on the giant planet's complex dynamics. The research revealed the vertical structure of Jupiter's atmosphere and found high-temperature compounds, including NaCl and KCl, in Io's atmosphere, suggesting differences in subsurface magm...
Astronauts in space can lose up to 20% of muscle mass after two weeks due to microgravity. Researchers are exploring the use of extracellular vesicles, which contain restorative chemicals, to trigger post-exercise recovery without traditional exercise.
Researchers have observed long, web-like plasma structures in the Sun's middle corona, which discharge particles into space through interactions within the structures. This innovative observation method could lead to a better understanding of the solar wind's origins and its interactions with the rest of the solar system.
The NASA Deep Space Optical Communications project has successfully demonstrated a new type of laser system that can transmit large amounts of data, including high-definition images and video, through space. The system uses a combination of flight and ground-based lasers to establish an optical link between spacecraft and Earth.
Researchers developed a new lidar technique using 3D flash lidar combined with super-resolution algorithm for hazard avoidance during landing. The technique improved the precision and safety of robotic vehicles on Mars, enabling them to navigate through challenging environments.
The study investigates the degradation of carbon fiber-reinforced ultra-high-temperature ceramic matrix composites at temperatures above 2000°C. The results show that the amount of zirconium in the alloy affects the composite's oxidation resistance, and modifying the matrix composition is necessary to prevent degradation.
The article discusses the selection of propulsion systems for deep-space exploration, focusing on micropropulsion technology. Key findings include the analysis of various micropropulsion modules, including cold gas and chemical propulsion systems, as well as their applications in different missions such as lunar exploration and Tianqin...
A Tohoku University researcher has increased the performance of a high-power electrodeless plasma thruster, moving closer to deeper space explorations. The breakthrough enables more efficient use of radiofrequency power to generate thrust energy in magnetic nozzle plasma thrusters.
Researchers develop a modular structure design method for a deployable space robot called Cubot to facilitate on-orbit missions. The system can perform tasks such as space debris removal and maintenance with reduced risk and increased efficiency.
A researcher developed a system to determine the pose of cooperative spacecraft using ToF cameras and reflector markers. The system consists of three steps: reflector detection, matching, and pose calculation, and was tested in experiments with high accuracy.
Researchers developed an intelligent FLC designer to create stable solar sail attitude control without a priori knowledge or excessive manual workload. The IFLCD uses neural network modelling and automatic design method to solve the black-box and time-varying control problem, making it suitable for unmanned and complicated systems.
Researchers have developed a method to map an asteroid's interior structure based on its spin changes during close encounters with Earth. This technique, called AIME, could help scientists plan more effective defense strategies for asteroids like Apophis, which poses a significant hazard if it were to make impact.
Researchers compiled 41 solar occultation observations of Saturn's rings from the Cassini mission to inform future investigations into their formation and evolution. The study reveals new information on ring particles' sizes and compositions, shedding light on the origins of the ring system.
Researchers designed a state-of-the-art walking robot that can assemble large constructions in space, such as telescopes. The E-Walker robot proved to be versatile and ideal for future in-orbit missions.
Cornell researchers have helped NASA's Dragonfly mission prepare for a smooth landing on Saturn's moon Titan by analyzing radar images of the Selk crater region. The team characterized the landscape, gauging the rim height of the crater and understanding its geology.
The MICROSCOPE satellite has confirmed the equivalence principle with unprecedented accuracy, supporting Einstein's general relativity. The result shows that any deviation in acceleration is less than 1 part in 10^15, ruling out some candidate universal theories of physics.
A new study suggests that Saturn's tilted axis is due to the loss of an ancient moon, Chrysalis, which collided with the planet around 160 million years ago. The collision caused the satellite to break apart, releasing fragments that formed the planet's rings and leaving Saturn out of Neptune's gravitational resonance.
Researchers found that topography influences comet surface activity across hundreds of meters, with hotspots observed even on uniform surfaces. The study used Rosetta mission data to track changes in 16 topographic depressions on Comet 67P.
A study of NASA astronauts found DNA mutations associated with spaceflight, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and blood cancer. Regular screening is recommended to monitor astronaut health.
Researchers designed a centered error entropy-based sigma-point Kalman Filter to enhance the filtering algorithm's robustness in spacecraft attitude determination. The proposed CEEUKF outperformed classical methods and other robust algorithms in simulating non-Gaussian noise, achieving higher accuracy and faster convergence rates.
Engineers use origami to build devices that grow wider as they are pulled apart. Researchers from Princeton and Georgia Tech have developed a general formula analyzing how structures respond to stress, enabling the creation of origami structures with negative Poisson ratios.
The development of LEO mega constellations has significantly impacted human scientific progress in communication, navigation, and remote sensing. However, unrestrained deployment poses a threat to spacecraft safety and space environment stability, requiring rational surveillance and governance mechanisms.
Researchers found compact fragments in the Aguas Zarcas meteorite that wouldn't break apart, leading to CT scans revealing deformed rocks with the same orientation. The team proposed a hypothesis that asteroids 'spit out' pebbles due to high-speed collisions and thermal cycling, which can cause rock brittleness.
MIT scientists have developed 3D-printed plasma sensors that can be produced for tens of dollars in a matter of days, ideal for CubeSats. The sensors use a glass-ceramic material and can withstand wide temperature swings, measuring energy and conducting chemical analyses to predict weather or monitor climate change.
Researchers develop a motorless sailplane concept that harnesses wind energy to explore Mars' atmosphere and geology. The innovative design, inspired by albatross flight, enables the sailplanes to fly for days at a time without relying on solar panels or batteries.
The university's latest satellite, SCOOB-I, orbits the Earth with advanced payloads, including a small Earth imaging camera and a solar spectrum sensor. The mission provides valuable insights into the Sun-Earth connection and its impact on climate, marking NTU Singapore's leadership in the growing space industry.
Researchers found that the asteroid is similar to 'Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrites,' which date back to the solar system's beginnings. The samples show signs of having been soaked in water, but the rock itself appears relatively dry, hinting at similar formation conditions between comets and asteroids.
Researchers at MIT developed a technique that enables an autonomous vehicle to plot a provably safe trajectory in highly uncertain situations. The algorithm considers probability of observing different environmental conditions and obstacles, and formulates trajectory planning as a probabilistic optimization problem.
Researchers from Korea Maritime and Ocean University have developed a way to synthesize high-performance functionally graded materials with minimized defects. By controlling the mixing gradient of component materials, they improved mechanical properties and eliminated interfacial cracks.
Researchers developed a new system using x-ray signals from pulsars to determine spacecraft location without prior information, allowing for autonomous navigation and reduced reliance on ground infrastructure. The algorithm combines observations from numerous pulsars to narrow down possible locations.
The OSIRIS-APEX mission will study changes in asteroid Apophis caused by its close flyby of Earth. The spacecraft will also approach the surface and fire its thrusters to expose the asteroid's subsurface, enabling scientists to learn more about its material properties and composition.
The researchers developed a power suit made of a layered carbon composite material that works as an energy-storing supercapacitor-battery hybrid device. This material could increase an electric car's range by 25% and boost its power, giving it the extra push it needs to go from zero to 60 mph in 3 seconds.
Researchers explore the influence of forebody and afterbody shapes on Mars ascent vehicle aerodynamic performance. Studies reveal that conical forebodies can reduce drag in slender ascent vehicles, while exponential forebodies improve resistance performance in short blunt bodies.
Researchers are developing systems to detect, characterize and track objects in cislunar space, or the space between Earth and the moon, to prevent lunar traffic jams and congestion.
The microsatellite will fly at a Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO), collecting data for commercial VLEO satellites with multiple applications. The satellite is designed to be sustainable, de-orbiting within days of its operational life.
Cornell University chemists have developed a class of nonprecious metal derivatives that can efficiently power cars and generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. The breakthrough could enable wider deployment of hydrogen fuel cells, replacing combustion engines and reducing waste.
Researchers conducted a free-flight ballistic range test to capture the attitude behaviors and aerodynamic characteristics of Tianwen-1 Mars entry capsule. The study revealed that the capsule is dynamically unstable in pitch and yaw directions, but statically stable in these directions.
A new collision-avoidance system using explainable artificial intelligence enables robots to safely navigate and perform tasks in space. The system was tested in simulations and prototype design, showing promise for future applications in on-orbit servicing and assembly.
The study reveals that the region within Io's orbit is dominated by oxygen and sulfur ions, with oxygen prevailing among the two. Further inward, within Amalthea's orbit, oxygen ion concentration increases unexpectedly.
Researchers analyzed images from NASA's Juno spacecraft to study the forces driving cyclones on Jupiter. Moist convection drives an upscale energy transfer at Jovian high latitudes.
The article discusses how scientists at Beijing Institute of Technology Press Co., Ltd. used key orbit design technologies to achieve a 23-day journey of lunar sample return with the Chang'E 5 mission. The success relied on precise orbit designs for lunar orbit rendezvous and docking, precision landing, and inclination optimization.
A researcher developed a computer simulation to predict asteroid impacts and study crater formation. The simulation, built using NASA-designed methods, can generalize results to all metal asteroid impacts.
Calculations at TU Wien show that Ramjet propulsion, which involves capturing protons and using them for a nuclear fusion reactor, cannot work as proposed. The analysis revealed huge dimensions required to achieve even minimal thrust, making it impossible for current technology to achieve.
The MIT team developed a levitating rover design using ion thrusters, capable of producing enough repulsive force to hover on the moon and larger asteroids. The concept uses tiny ion beams to charge up the vehicle and boost its natural surface charge.
Researchers use NASA's MMS data to study micro-scale physics in the Earth's magnetotail, revealing a key component missing from existing models: an ambipolar electric field. This discovery challenges existing understanding of thin current sheets and provides new insights into space weather
Scientists have discovered that hypervelocity dust impacts on a spacecraft can produce plasma explosions and create debris clouds, disturbing its operations. These events can also generate clouds of debris that expand away from the spacecraft.
Researchers developed carbon nanotube-based transistors that can maintain electrical properties and memory after being exposed to high levels of cosmic radiation. The transistors, especially double-shielded ones, showed promising results for future space exploration.
Scientists propose sending a spacecraft to Jupiter to observe centaur objects becoming comets, providing insights into the solar system's dynamics and composition. This unique opportunity could reveal the chemical makeup of comets and shed light on how Earth-like planets form.
Asteroid Bennu's surface is covered in boulders due to its highly porous rocks, which compress rather than fragment under meteoroid impacts. This contradicts previous observations of fine regolith on similar asteroids, such as Ryugu and Itokawa.
A new model developed by Skoltech researchers optimizes satellite radar system design, balancing performance characteristics with other mission parameters. The study identifies optimal designs for small satellite platforms, particularly in the 8-12 GHz and 4-8 GHz frequency bands.
The Chang'e-5 mission achieved a successful soft lunar landing using an innovative guidance, navigation and control system. The LAM used various sensors to navigate its descent and landing, with multiple sensors providing redundancy to ensure the success of the mission.
Researchers at Skoltech have identified a favorable window of opportunity for manned Mars missions in the mid-2030s. The study suggests that launching during the decaying phase of solar activity can help shield astronauts from cosmic rays, allowing for longer flight durations.
An international team of space scientists finds that humans can travel to and from Mars safely if the spacecraft has sufficient shielding. The round trip should be shorter than four years. Scientists also recommend timing the mission during solar maximum to shield astronauts and the spacecraft from radiation.
West Virginia University engineers are working on a $750,000 award from NASA to improve data transfer efficiency during space exploration. The team is developing AI-based algorithms that can compress data while retaining maximum information content, which could enable more efficient NASA missions and sustain Earth and solar observations.
A new method has been developed to detect stealth coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that can wreak havoc on Earth. By analyzing slow changes in the lower corona using difference images, researchers have successfully predicted the trajectory and potential impact of four stealth CMEs.
The Lucy spacecraft is carrying a time-capsule plaque featuring messages from prominent individuals to humanity's descendants. The plaque contains words of advice, wisdom, joy, and inspiration from Nobel Laureates, United States Poet Laureates, and other inspirational figures.
New research from the University of Arizona suggests that asteroid 16 Psyche may not be as dense or metallic as previously predicted. The findings propose an alternative origin story where 16 Psyche is composed of 82.5% metal, 7% low-iron pyroxene, and 10.5% carbonaceous chondrite.
A team of engineers from the University of Toledo is working with NASA to develop more resilient solar power conversion systems for future Mars and Moon missions. The three-year grant will investigate ways to make these systems tolerant to space-related radiation, which degrades their performance.
Researchers have discovered a persistent signature of plasma waves in the interstellar medium using Voyager 1's Plasma Wave System. The detection allows scientists to understand how the solar wind interacts with the interstellar environment.
The Interstellar Probe mission aims to study how our Sun interacts with the local interstellar medium and learn more about the formation and evolution of the heliosphere. The probe will take 'images' of the heliosphere using energetic neutral atoms and observe extragalactic background light, shedding new light on the region.