Articles tagged with Pandemic Influenza
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A recent study has identified a common attachment site on influenza A virus subtypes that can be targeted to develop a universal flu vaccine. This breakthrough discovery was made by researchers at The Scripps Research Institute and provides a blueprint for the development of new antiviral drugs.
Researchers have developed new techniques to quickly identify bacterial infections and determine the best antibiotic treatment. A nanoparticle-based method can detect bacterial strains in hours, while scientists also uncovered genetic basis of morphological differences in anthrax letter material.
Researchers identified human monoclonal antibodies that bind to the stem of H5 type hemaglutinin, preventing viral entry into host cells. These antibodies offer potential cross-protection against various flu strains, including bird and seasonal influenza viruses.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute identified human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize a broad range of influenza A viruses, including avian and seasonal flu. The antibodies bind to the conserved stem region of the virus, preventing viral entry into host cells.
Researchers identified human monoclonal antibodies that can neutralize a broad range of influenza A viruses, including seasonal and pandemic flu strains. These antibodies offer potential for treatment and prevention of the flu during outbreaks or pandemics.
Researchers at Rhode Island Hospital completed a study on flu transmission to better understand the impact of infection control measures during a possible flu pandemic. The study found that pre-symptomatic transmission of influenza may be more significant than previously thought, and that small-particle aerosols from infected individua...
As flights extend and passengers with pre-existing conditions increase, in-flight medical events become more frequent due to reduced oxygen saturation. Studies show an association between long-haul air travel and venous thromboembolism risk, especially for those with recent surgery or immobilized seating.
A new study compared recent avian strain H5N1 with genetic ressortants of the 1918 virus, showing that H5N1 replicates rapidly and induces a lethal cytokine storm. The results highlight the threat of an avian flu pandemic and emphasize the need for improved emergency preparedness.
A clinical trial found adult mask wearers were four times more likely to be protected against respiratory viruses. Masks are particularly important during pandemics when vaccine development is delayed and supplies may be scarce for frontline workers.
The authors argue that global health governance weaknesses hinder effective representation of public health interests in WTO decisions. To address this, they suggest strengthening WHO's influence through training and policy coherence on trade agreements.
Scientists investigate Tamiflu's environmental fate and its impact on the development of resistant influenza viruses in Japan, a major consumer of the drug. The research aims to understand potential threats to global defenses against future pandemics.
A new model predicts that vaccinating infants with PCV7 can prevent over 357,000 deaths during an influenza pandemic while saving $7 billion in costs. The research also shows routine pneumococcal vaccination can reduce flu-related deaths and costs in a typical season.
A novel intranasal influenza vaccine has elicited immune responses more than 20 times higher than traditional vaccines, using only half the standard antigen dose. The vaccine's nanoemulsion-based adjuvant system triggers unparalleled mucosal and systemic immunity without pro-inflammatory materials or cytokines.
A landmark study found that wearing masks and using hand sanitizers may reduce the spread of flu-like symptoms by as much as 50 percent. The study involved over 1,000 students from seven U-M residence halls and showed significant reductions in influenza-like illness symptoms after implementing mask use and hand sanitizer protocols.
The Global Viral Forecasting Initiative has received $11 million from Google.org and The Skoll Foundation to implement a pandemic early warning system. GVFI's strategy aims to track emergent pandemics to their source, providing potentially vital months or years of advanced warning before the next HIV or SARS emerges.
Researchers have discovered a single vaccine that can protect chickens, cats, and humans against deadly bird flu pandemics. The vaccine uses a 'backbone' from the H9N2 virus to offer universal protection across multiple species.
The Elsevier journal Vaccine released a comprehensive supplement dedicated to influenza vaccines, supported by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations. Key findings include discussions on pandemic influenza vaccine challenges and the importance of robust global surveillance systems.
Researchers developed models to estimate meal requirements and school closures to minimize the number of people infected. The simulations showed that school closures reduced the number of people infected with the virus, while voluntary quarantine and food distribution interventions had varying effects on disease spread and resource all...
A new study has found that a single low-dose booster vaccine can generate an excellent response in people who have been vaccinated up to 7 years ago. This means that proactively immunizing the public with stockpiled pre-pandemic vaccines could be used as a potential vaccination strategy against pandemic influenza.
Researchers led by Professor Ten Feizi aim to identify receptor molecules in the human respiratory tract to understand why H5N1 has not evolved into an effective pathogen. They also seek to determine how changes in the virus's binding protein may increase its ability to attach to and cause infection.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh Center for Vaccine Research are testing vaccines designed to protect against the deadliest strain of avian flu, H5N1. The $3.6M grant will support animal studies using virus-like particles that could potentially offer enhanced protection against new strains.
Researchers at UTMB have tested a new universal vaccine effective against multiple influenza strains, with promising results in a Phase I clinical trial. The vaccine candidate, VaxInnate's M2e, could provide a safe and highly effective solution to prevent seasonal and pandemic influenza A.
The majority of deaths during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic were not caused by the flu virus alone, but rather bacterial pneumonia that developed after the virus destroyed the cells lining the bronchial tubes. Comprehensive pandemic preparations should include provisions to stockpile antibiotics and bacterial vaccines.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have successfully recovered antibodies to the 1918 flu virus from elderly survivors, showcasing surprisingly long-lasting immunity. These antibodies could serve as a treatment option if another similar strain emerges in the future.
New research reveals that infection with the 1918 influenza virus granted survivors lifelong protection against the disease. Antibodies produced by these individuals proved effective in blocking the viral infection in mice.
Recent H9N2 viruses can transmit to ferrets in direct contact, but aerosol transmission is not observed. A single amino acid residue at the receptor-binding site plays a major role in transmission. The study suggests that establishment and prevalence of H9N2 viruses in poultry pose a significant threat to humans.
A McMaster University researcher will work with isolated Hutterite communities to understand the transmission of pandemic diseases like influenza. The team aims to detect flu viruses in humans and pigs, and use computer modeling to analyze virus transmission.
A study found that less than a quarter of nursing homes have a specific pandemic plan, while over half do not. The researchers emphasize the need for communication with health departments and hospitals, as well as staff training and planning for staff shortages.
Researchers developed mathematical models to determine effective non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for protecting vulnerable populations in nursing homes. The study found that conventional NPIs can curb mild outbreaks, but higher-level restrictions are needed for severe ones. Staff plays a critical role in controlling disease spr...
A recent study suggests that booster vaccination with a newer strain of H5N1 avian influenza can be more effective than simply vaccinating with the current vaccine. The study shows that priming with an earlier vaccine can enhance immune responses to single-dose vaccination schedules, making it a potential strategy for pandemic control.
Scientists have discovered how bird flu adapts in patients, offering a new way to monitor the disease and prevent a pandemic. The research found specific mutations in the virus that may allow it to adapt to humans, indicating a potential risk of a pandemic.
A new report from Purdue University highlights the complexities of pandemic planning, citing issues with staffing, geographic boundaries, and community coordination. The study found that counties with shared borders may experience influxes of non-residents seeking medical care, while others may be isolated due to lack of hospital systems.
A new report by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine found significant gaps in advice given to European businesses to prepare for a possible influenza pandemic. The report suggests that most strategic efforts have been directed at preparing public health systems, leaving the non-health sector unprepared.
Researchers Luís Bettencourt and Ruy Ribeiro create a novel approach to reading subtle changes in epidemiological data to predict disease spread. The tool provides real-time transmission probabilities for emerging diseases, enabling public health experts to implement quarantine policies and provide medical resources.
Researchers have developed a rapid way to produce human monoclonal antibodies against the flu, overcoming technical barriers that slowed their development. The new technique could potentially be used for diagnosis and treatment of other infectious diseases.
A bird-flu pandemic will likely be controlled through widespread vaccination, which must be broadly-protective and rapidly produced. The virus is highly pathogenic in humans, with a mortality rate over 60%. Improving diagnostic tools and treatment options are also crucial to managing the disease.
A study published in Nature suggests that closing schools could slow the spread of a flu pandemic and prevent up to one in seven cases. The researchers used computer modeling to explore how school closure would affect the transmission of a theoretical H5N1 avian flu virus in France.
Researchers modelled pandemic flu to guide national planning, finding that prompt implementation of social-distancing measures combined with antiviral treatment and prophylaxis can reduce influenza cases by 83-94%.
Researchers used computer simulation models to examine the impact of various intervention strategies on a pandemic influenza outbreak in a population similar to Chicago. The study found that providing preemptive household antiviral treatments and minimizing contact could play a major role in reducing the spread of illness.
Researchers found that genetic material exchange between closely related influenza A virus strains may have caused the 1947 and 1951 human flu epidemics, challenging the long-held belief that reassortment events lead to severe pandemics.
Researchers discovered two mutations in the H1N1 avian flu virus's hemagglutinin molecule enable it to bind tightly to human upper respiratory tract receptors. This binding affinity is crucial for viral transmission and explains why certain strains are more infectious than others.
A University of Alberta study recommends monitoring swine flu in workers on pig farms as part of pandemic preparedness due to potential adaptation into efficient human-to-human transmission. The strain was detected in several household members and pigs without direct contact with the child who initially contracted it.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Vaccine Research have developed a vaccine against the deadliest strain of avian flu, H5N1. The vaccine produced a strong immune response in mice and protected them from death following infection with the virus.
Scientists have found that avian flu viruses must bind to umbrella-shaped alpha 2-6 glycan receptors to infect humans. This new interpretation explains inconsistencies in previous models and could aid in the development of vaccines against a deadly flu pandemic.
The current surveillance strategy for avian influenza viruses is piecemeal, risking the detection of important virus sources or subtypes. A UC Davis expert emphasizes the need to strengthen global surveillance to prevent future pandemics.
Global health experts Laurie Garrett and David Fidler propose stockpiling highly specific influenza vaccines and antiviral medicines in Hong Kong to overcome the virus sharing impasse. The proposal aims to benefit developing countries by ensuring they have access to vaccine, reducing the risk of pandemic influenza.
Tamiflu significantly reduces illness severity and duration in children one year and older, with a 29% reduction in influenza severity and 26% reduction in illness duration compared to placebo. The new lower dose capsules offer a convenient alternative for the treatment and prevention of influenza types A and B.
The structure of hemagglutinin on influenza B virus provides key insights into potential mutations that could spark a pandemic. By comparing it to a similar protein on influenza A virus, researchers may be able to understand the changes needed for avian flu to infect humans.
A recent study published in Cell Host & Microbe has found that the protein PB1-F2 from the 1918 influenza virus strain increases virulence and secondary bacterial pneumonia in mouse models. This discovery provides crucial insights into the pathogenicity of IAVs and has significant implications for preparing for future pandemics.
The report warns that inadequate pandemic planning, including poor on-the-ground administration and delivery of antivirals and vaccines, could threaten EU security. The survey found that few countries have defined plans for distribution of antivirals or specific guidance on vaccine storage and administration.
A team of researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison identified a single change in a viral protein that facilitates the H5N1 avian flu virus's ability to infect the upper respiratory system in mammals. This adaptation enables efficient transmission through coughing and sneezing, potentially setting the stage for a pandemic.
Researchers developed a novel antigen-sparing adjuvant strategy to improve immunogenicity of the bird flu vaccine. The new formulation showed significant cross-clade immunity against H5N1 viruses and induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies, increasing protection against pandemic.
A team of scientists at NIAID has developed a strategy to generate vaccines and therapeutic antibodies that can target predicted H5N1 mutants before they emerge. By identifying key mutations in the HA protein, they created vaccines and isolated new antibodies that could neutralize both bird- and human-adapted forms of the virus.
Researchers analyzed US cities' non-pharmaceutical interventions during the 1918-1919 pandemic and found an association between these measures and reduced death rates. Cities that implemented early and extended interventions had lower death tolls, suggesting these actions can be crucial in planning for future pandemics
A Michigan-CDC study analyzed 43 US cities during the 1918-1919 Spanish flu pandemic and found that sustained non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) like quarantine, isolation, school closures, and public gathering cancellations significantly reduced mortality rates. The study's findings challenge conventional wisdom on the effectiven...
Scientists are testing a universal flu vaccine that targets all 'A' strains of the virus, offering broad and lifelong protection. The vaccine has shown promising results in laboratory animals and is now being administered to a small group of healthy people in Phase I clinical trials.
Scientists discovered preserved samples of the 1918 influenza virus in frozen autopsy tissues from an Alaskan woman buried for over 75 years. The recovery enabled researchers to study the virus's genetic material, providing valuable insights into its structure and potential vulnerabilities.
A study predicts that using Tamiflu prophylactically could reduce illness and death rates during an influenza pandemic by half, with a cost savings of $70,000 per 1,000 population. Prophylaxis with antivirals or vaccines is considered a crucial strategy in the early months of a pandemic.
A study by researchers at the University of Iowa found that veterinarians with occupational exposure to birds have significantly higher levels of antibodies against avian influenza viruses. The greatest risk factor for infection was examining sick birds, highlighting the need for priority access to pandemic vaccines and antivirals.
Researchers used human antibodies derived from immune cells of H5N1 survivors to treat and protect mice from the virus. The study found that these antibodies could neutralize the virus and prevent death in mice, offering a promising therapeutic approach for pandemic influenza.