Articles tagged with Rotavirus
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The CDC recommends shared clinical decision-making for some childhood vaccinations, allowing parents to choose or skip certain vaccines. However, a survey found that many Americans are unclear about what this means and who can be included as health care providers in the discussion.
New research from Washington University School of Medicine identifies a key step in rotavirus infection and shows that disabling this process can prevent infection. The discovery opens up new avenues for therapeutic intervention, potentially treating not only rotavirus but also other pathogens with similar infection mechanisms.
Researchers found that full-genome differences between rotavirus strains influence vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the need for a broader approach to vaccine design. The study's results suggest that vaccines should be designed based on the whole genome of circulating strains, rather than just two surface proteins.
Researchers found that rotavirus protein NSP4 is necessary and sufficient for disrupting calcium signaling in infected and uninfected cells, affecting disease severity. Manipulating NSP4 could lead to new approaches to prevent or treat rotavirus infections.
A study by researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center found that high levels of specific antibodies in breast milk provide protection against rotavirus, a common gastrointestinal disease. The findings highlight the importance of optimized breastfeeding practices to improve infant health globally.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered a new mechanism by which rotavirus induces diarrhea, involving the degradation of DGAT1 enzyme in intestinal cells. This process leads to reduced nutrient absorption and disruption of intestinal function.
A Canadian study found that infants exposed to biologic agents during pregnancy have normal immune development and can safely receive the rotavirus vaccine. The study, involving 191 infants across six sites in Canada, aimed to change vaccination guidelines to protect more babies from severe illness.
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, gastrointestinal viruses such as norovirus and adenovirus remained at very low levels for nearly 2 years. However, they surged back to pre-pandemic levels in late 2022, with adenovirus F40/41 increasing by two-fold.
A new study creates an experimental combo vaccine by adding a key protein from norovirus to a harmless strain of rotavirus, generating antibodies against both viruses. Mice produced neutralizing antibodies in response to the vaccine.
Scientists employed artificial intelligence to determine the 3D structure of the VP8* B domain in group B rotavirus, a crucial step towards understanding its interaction with host cells and developing new treatments. The newly described structure reveals unique sugar recognition capabilities, distinct from other rotaviruses.
Indiana University is developing a groundbreaking combination oral rotavirus-norovirus vaccine for infants, aiming to protect against severe vomiting and diarrhea. The vaccine, based on the existing rotavirus vaccine, uses norovirus proteins to trigger an immune response.
A phase 2 clinical trial found that the Australian-developed neonatal rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB was safe and produced a robust immune response in African babies. The reduced dose of the vaccine generated an equivalent immune response as the highest dose, offering opportunities to reduce vaccine manufacturing costs.
Researchers uncover intricate cellular response to rotavirus damage in intestinal epithelium, finding tuft cells contribute to repair process through production of immature enterocytes. The study provides new understanding of gut healing mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
The Fiji national vaccine program against pneumonia and rotavirus has reduced morbidity and mortality among children in the country. Morbidity rates for rotavirus diarrhoea fell by 87% in under-fives, while hospital admissions decreased, resulting in a 39% drop in mortality for young children.
Rotavirus-infected cells release signaling molecules adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that bind to P2Y1 receptors on neighboring uninfected cells, triggering intercellular calcium waves and disrupting normal function. This discovery provides a new potential strategy for treating viral diarrhea.
A recent $3.4 million research grant will study the disparities in vaccine efficacy between rich and poor countries, with a focus on gut microbiota's role. The goal is to identify metabolites that could be used to optimize the existing rotavirus vaccine.
Biomedical researchers at Georgia State University have identified a novel method for eradicating rotavirus and other viral infections using interleukin-18 and interleukin-22. The study shows that these cytokines can rapidly and completely eliminate viruses from intestinal epithelial cells, even in compromised immune systems.
A slow-growing rotavirus mutant has allowed researchers to observe the early steps of viral assembly, providing new insights into the formation of viroplasms. The study found that NSP2 phosphorylation plays a crucial role in triggering lipid droplet formation, a key step in viroplasm formation.
The rotavirus vaccine has led to significant reductions in hospitalizations and child deaths due to severe diarrhea in Kiribati. The study found a 37% decrease in acute gastroenteritis inpatient admissions and a 44% decline in outpatient presentations among children under five.
The pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines significantly reduce acute respiratory infections and diarrhea among small children, resulting in fewer cases of antibiotic treatment. These vaccines have the potential to prevent millions of episodes of antibiotic-treated illness if universally adopted.
Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered the unique structure and function of rotavirus VP3, a protein that integrates five enzymatic activities for capping mRNA. This breakthrough enables the design of antiviral drugs to counter rotavirus infection, which causes diarrhea in children worldwide.
A large observational study of nearly 387,000 children found no association between rotavirus vaccination and the development of type 1 diabetes. Researchers noted limitations and potential confounding variables that may have affected results.
A brief disruption to a molecular pathway in mice before birth compromises adult immunity to rotavirus, preventing antibody responses and interfering with gut cells that support antibody production.
A new study suggests that rotavirus infection may trigger the development of type 1 diabetes. Researchers found a significant decrease in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Australian children under four years old after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination.
Researchers at Georgia State University isolated gut bacteria that can prevent and cure rotavirus infection, the leading cause of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. The discovery may lead to possible treatments and preventive measures for rotavirus infection.
A new study predicts that an additional dose of rotavirus vaccine at nine months old will provide a modest 5-16% reduction in RVGE incidence over the first three years. The study found that lower vaccine effectiveness during the second year of life is not necessarily due to waning immunity, but rather due to high rates of rotavirus tra...
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and Indiana University have found that rotavirus induces hundreds of discrete and highly dynamic calcium spikes during peak infection. These spikes can be attenuated by genetically knocking down the virus's NSP4 protein, which disturbs calcium balance within cells.
A new study shows that children who received all doses of the rotavirus vaccine had a 33% lower risk of getting diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The study, published in Scientific Reports, used nationwide health insurance data and found that the vaccine was associated with a 94% lower rate of hospitalization for rotavirus infection.
A study found a significant decrease in type 1 diabetes diagnoses in children aged 0-4 years after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in 2007. The researchers suggest that preventing rotavirus infection may also reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes.
The study reveals that CK1α is essential for the formation of rotavirus factories by chemically modifying viral component NSP2. This process triggers its localization and assembly into the virus factory, a critical step in new virus production.
Researchers found that specific sugars in breast milk enhance infection of cells with a particular strain of rotavirus, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms in newborns. The study also identifies maternal components that could improve the performance of live, attenuated rotavirus vaccines.
Researchers have discovered how the biophysical properties of rotavirus particles account for their functions, which could lead to novel antiviral strategies. The study provides a detailed understanding of the interactions between protein shells, enabling the development of new treatments against infection.
A major new study shows that rotavirus vaccination reduces infant diarrhoea deaths by 34% in rural Malawi, adding weight to the World Health Organisation's recommendation for its inclusion in national immunisation programmes. The study also found a direct link between vaccine coverage and mortality reduction.
A proof-of-concept study found that antibiotic treatment prior to vaccination increased viral shedding in healthy adult men, while narrow-spectrum antibiotics showed a slight increase in early vaccine boosting. The results suggest a potential correlation between the microbiome and vaccine performance.
Researchers found dominant strains of equine-like G3 rotavirus infecting children in Indonesia, genetically different from human strains, shedding light on virus travel and evolution.
Dr. Paul Offit, Director of Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, receives the 2018 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal for his groundbreaking work on an oral rotavirus vaccine that has saved thousands of children's lives globally. He is recognized for his tireless advocacy for immunization and leadership in promoting...
Researchers discovered that intestinal stem cells, previously thought to be essential only for normal turnover, play a crucial role in repairing epithelial cell damage caused by rotavirus. The study also found that WNT signaling molecules from epithelial cells are essential for triggering the repair response.
A new study published in BMC Medicine found that the rotavirus vaccine has a disproportionate impact on reducing gastrointestinal disease in the UK's most deprived communities. The vaccine has been shown to decrease hospitalisations and attendances by up to 80% and 32%, respectively, among these populations.
The World Health Organization has prequalified the India-made rotavirus vaccine ROTAVAC, which will be available for procurement by UN agencies and Gavi for use in low-resource countries. The vaccine is the result of a unique social innovation partnership between Indian and international researchers, public, and private sectors.
The Serum Institute's rotavirus vaccine, ROTASIIL, demonstrated significant efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, reducing severe diarrhea by over a third. The vaccine showed nearly 55% efficacy against the most severe cases, which can lead to dehydration, hospitalizations, and deaths.
The study identified rotavirus as the leading pathogen among children under five, with a high incidence of severe cases in infants. Effective preventive measures include vaccination, oral rehydration salts, and proper hygiene practices.
New study confirms the sustained impact of rotavirus vaccination in reducing diarrhea hospitalizations among US children under 5, with estimated savings of $1.2 billion in direct medical costs. Researchers found that hospitalization rates decreased by between 31-55% following routine vaccine introduction in 2006.
A new low-cost rotavirus vaccine has been found to be 66.7% effective in preventing severe gastroenteritis caused by the virus. The vaccine is heat-stable and adapted for African settings, offering a solution for vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a plasmid-based reverse genetics system to study rotavirus invasion and replication. The system allowed them to mutate a key protein, NSP1, and decrease viral replication.
Researchers used a laboratory model of the human gut to study how rotavirus evades the immune system. They found that the virus suppresses the production of IFN proteins aimed at controlling its growth, but adding type I IFN can reduce viral replication.
The study found that the rotavirus vaccination programme resulted in a significant decrease in GP visits and hospital admissions for acute gastroenteritis, with an estimated 87,376 visits averted in England. This translates to an annual reduction of £12.5 million in healthcare costs.
A new data visualization platform, VIEW-hub, reveals stark numbers on where shortfalls exist in vaccine introduction and coverage. Globally, 72% of child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhea occur in just 15 countries, with India and Nigeria being the worst-affected. The platform provides real-time data updates to monitor introduction an...
A new study published in PLOS ONE found that Ontario's infant rotavirus immunization program significantly reduced hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis by 71%, while emergency department visits dropped by 68%. The findings also suggest that herd immunity may have been created among older children and adults.
Immunizing babies against rotavirus led to a significant drop in hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The study found that even older kids benefited from the vaccination, demonstrating herd immunity.
The introduction of both pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and rotavirus vaccines (RVs) led to a significant reduction in hospital admissions for winter diarrhea and respiratory infections. Within <5 years post-vaccine introduction, hospital admissions dropped by 78% for rotavirus diarrhea and 46% for pneumonia.
A new study has created a map of fecal viruses traveling global waterways using modeling methods. The map helps assess water quality worldwide and design treatment and vaccination programs to prevent sewage-associated diseases.
German researchers uncover a novel mechanism by which the innate immune system combats rotavirus infection through the interaction between interferon-lambda and interleukin-22. This discovery has implications for the design of future immunotherapy concepts, including the treatment of chronic viral infections such as hepatitis.
A study published in JAMA found that rotavirus vaccination led to a 31-55% decline in all-cause acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations and a 70-94% decline in rotavirus-coded hospitalizations among US children under 5 years old. The greatest reductions were observed among younger age groups.
A Georgia State University research team has developed a novel method to prevent and cure rotavirus infection by activating the innate immune system with the bacterial protein flagellin. This approach triggered an immune response that prevented the virus from entering cells and removed existing infections.
A new study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases reveals that up to four out of ten children in Burkina Faso are genetically resistant to rotavirus strains found in existing vaccines. Children who cannot express the Lewis molecule, a sugar molecule needed as a receptor for the virus, do not become infected and therefore do not rec...
Researchers used cryo-Electron Microscopy to visualize dynamic activities of rotaviruses, revealing internal features that changed with levels of viral messenger RNA production. This study provides new insights into the mechanics of rotavirus RNA synthesis and potential targets for treatment.
Researchers found that rotavirus infection activates specific immune cells, including dendritic cells and T cells, which can recognize and destroy insulin-producing islet cells. This 'bystander activation' contributes to the acceleration of autoimmune diabetes in a mouse model.
Researchers found that rotavirus infection accelerates type 1 diabetes development through a bystander effect, where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells. The study suggests that treatments targeting this immune response could be beneficial for preventing type 1 diabetes in children at risk.
A new study suggests that rotavirus vaccination can also protect children against seizures, with a reduced risk of 20% compared to unvaccinated children. The researchers found that fully vaccinated children had fewer seizure-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits.
The implementation of infant rotavirus vaccination has substantially reduced gastroenteritis hospitalizations among U.S. children and adults. Significant reductions were observed across all age groups, with the greatest declines seen in the late winter and early spring of 2008-2010.