Articles tagged with Antibodies
Researchers discover that targeting a specific protein called neuraminidase (NA) in flu vaccines can induce a broader protective response against influenza type B viruses. This finding suggests a potential way to boost the efficacy of current vaccines and develop a universal flu vaccine.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science discovered that gut immune cells operate under harsh conditions and use a more socialistic principle to select B cells with varying levels of antibody affinity. This unique process may lead to the development of more effective oral vaccines.
Researchers examined antibody isotype and B cell receptor composition in young children, finding associations between environmental exposures and increased somatic hypermutation frequencies. This study sheds light on the complex relationships between environmental factors and immune system development in childhood.
A new machine-learning algorithm uses cholera antibody test results to identify recently infected individuals, making it easier to detect deadly epidemics. The algorithm was tested on a dataset of 1,569 blood samples and showed high accuracy in estimating the time window for cholera infection.
The elderly are more susceptible to the flu due to a lack of antibody diversity, which reduces their ability to adapt to new viral strains. Antibodies from elderly individuals target only conserved proteins and structures, making it harder for them to protect against evolving viral strains.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have found a strong link between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and an abnormal mix of bacteria in the gut. The study showed that patients with SLE had significantly higher levels of Ruminococcus gnavus bacteria in their guts, which triggered immune reactions and disease flares.
Artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg collaborated with scientists to create a custom virus that increases oxytocin production, associated with feelings of love and empathy. The 'Lovesick' virus is a harmless, non-replicating vector that expresses the hormone oxytocin and a fluorescent protein, allowing cells to glow bright red.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine developed an antibody-based treatment that gently eliminates diseased blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow. This could circumvent the need for harsh chemotherapy or radiation to prepare people for transplant, expanding the number of patients who can benefit from the procedure.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University developed a computational tool to analyze genetic variations in immune system genes, revealing a rich pattern of deletions and duplications. This discovery sheds light on the critical importance of these genomic regions for understanding the immune system and predicting diseases.
Researchers developed an antibody to target TDP-43 protein aggregates in mouse brains, resulting in significant improvements in cognitive and motor performance. The breakthrough paves the way for immunotherapy development for ALS and frontotemporal dementias.
A study by La Jolla Institute for Immunology finds that recurrent group A strep tonsillitis is caused by a combination of genetic and immunological factors, including an insufficient antibody response against SpeA. This understanding may lead to the development of a vaccine to protect against strep throat.
Researchers at LSTM and Imperial College London have designed drugs that target the receptors of human cells to combat flu pandemics. The engineered biologicals block interactions between influenza viruses and human cells, offering a potential solution to deadly strains.
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have discovered that antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin protein on influenza viruses also inhibit the neuraminidase enzyme. This inhibition enhances antibody neutralization and activation of innate immune cells with anti-viral activity. The study suggests a promising approach for uni...
Researchers highlight diagnostic pitfalls in Zika and Chikungunya virus detection, particularly for Zika, where false positives can have fatal consequences. Combined testing methods offer higher reliability, with sensitivity improved through the use of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) as a marker.
Scientists have identified natural antibodies within protein corona that trigger immune system response to nanoparticles. Depleting these antibodies reduces complement system activation, enabling safe delivery of cancer-fighting drugs and imaging agents.
Scientists have developed a precise measuring tool using DNA origami to optimize antibody effectiveness, with distances of approximately 16 nanometres providing the strongest bond. This technology can help better understand the immune response and design more effective antibodies for vaccines and immunotherapy.
A new study of twins found that genetic factors significantly impact the body's immune defense networks. The researchers analyzed blood samples from 1835 twins and thousands of siblings to understand how effectively their bodies deploy disease-fighting molecules.
Researchers at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln have identified a potential Zika vaccine that induces strong T-cell responses and substantial protection without producing antibodies. This breakthrough could be a 'huge leap' for immunology, potentially overcoming the obstacle of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease.
Researchers have developed monoclonal antibodies effective against several synthetic opioids, including fentanyl and carfentanil. The vaccine could help combat opioid addiction and reduce overdose deaths by blocking the analgesic effects of these potent drugs.
Researchers have developed a new technique using antibodies cloned from patients who recovered from Candida infections, showing potential in treating and diagnosing these life-threatening fungal infections. The discovery could lead to the development of novel antifungal drugs through mycoBiologics, a spinout company.
The ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress highlighted promising new technologies for cancer treatment, including multiplex immunohistochemistry and bispecific antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and neoantigen therapeutics also showed promise in treating a greater proportion of patients with cancer.
Researchers at VCU are testing a vaccine that blocks heroin and fentanyl effects in patients with opioid use disorder. The vaccine prompts the immune system to generate anti-opioid antibodies, preventing drug molecules from crossing the blood brain barrier.
Scientists at Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital developed a new immunoassay technique that measures extremely low concentrations of small molecules using single-molecule detection. The method was tested on two important human body molecules, cortisol and PGE2, achieving up to 50 times greater sensitivity than conventi...
Researchers have generated six Zika virus antibodies that could be used to diagnose and potentially treat the mosquito-borne disease. The neutralizing property of these antibodies prevents the virus from infecting cells, rendering it harmless.
Researchers at German Primate Center found that MERS virus mutations make it more resistant to the human immune system. This could lead to a rise in severe cases and potentially trigger a pandemic.
A new study found that maternal Zika immunity can increase the severity of dengue disease in mouse pups, which has significant implications for vaccine development. The study suggests that a pan-flavivirus vaccine could be an effective way to elicit maximal protection against both diseases.
Researchers at Scripps Research have discovered a potential new approach to prevent influenza virus infections by tethering four antibodies together, showing cross-reactivity against all types of influenza. The therapeutic candidate has been shown to offer protection against multiple strains of the virus in mice.
A novel immunotherapy combining Hu5F9-G4 and rituximab has shown safety and promise in a phase-1 clinical trial for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Half of the 22 patients enrolled experienced a positive response, with eight going into complete remission.
Scientists have developed novel conjugates made from antibodies and a kinesin spindle protein inhibitor, showing high effectiveness in vitro and tumor models. The linker between components allows for tuning the activity of the cytostatic drug, reducing side effects in cancer treatment.
A recent study led by ISGlobal identifies new antibody markers associated with the RTS,S malaria vaccine's protective effects. The research reveals that IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies provide crucial protection against disease, while IgG2 and IgG4 may increase disease risk.
Researchers at Scripps Research have discovered how antibodies work together to bind to a vulnerable spot on the malaria parasite, blocking its life cycle. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more effective vaccines that stimulate the same antibody response.
New study using cryo-EM reveals structural asymmetry in spherical viruses like dengue and Zika, challenging long-held assumptions about icosahedral symmetry. The research found that many viruses have nearly icosahedral structures, with unique features like 'belly buttons' on their outer layer.
Researchers have discovered a potentially new approach to deliver therapeutics more effectively to the brain, harnessing the brain's waste removal system. This method could revolutionize the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, and brain cancer.
Researchers have developed a new method for imaging breast cancer using Cornell dots, which are smaller than 8 nanometers and can be cleared by the kidneys. The dots are equipped with antibody fragments that target HER2-positive breast cancer cells, achieving high in vivo tumor uptake rates of up to 17.2 percent.
A recent observational study of 626 pregnancies found that maternal Tdap immunization in the third trimester is associated with higher concentrations of pertussis antibodies in infants. Immunizing mothers earlier in the third trimester may maximize these antibody levels, but definitive immunity levels for whooping cough are unknown.
Researchers at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center aim to find a less toxic, more effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer using a novel therapeutic antibody and innovative molecular imaging tools. The study will investigate the calcineurin/NFAT pathway's role in tumor growth and its potential inhibition by the antibody.
Researchers developed a glow-in-the-dark paper strip that can detect the presence of infectious diseases using antibodies in blood, offering a quick and affordable alternative to traditional lab tests. The test measures antibody concentration by analyzing blue-green light produced through bioluminescence.
A new vaccine against deadly foal pneumonia has been developed after decades of research, with the potential to save thousands of foals' lives. The vaccine protects against Rhodococcus equi infection, which can cause severe pneumonia and fatality rates ranging from 20% to 40%.
Two variants of autoimmune disease SLE were identified in black Africans, including one previously unacknowledged. This breakthrough enables better management of the disease in southern Africa, where incidence and mortality rates are high.
Researchers at UVA are developing a new antibody-based approach that combines targeting two receptors on ovarian cancer cells to increase its effectiveness. The approach has shown promising results in lab tests, with antibodies being more than 100 times more effective than existing therapies.
Scientists have developed a method to investigate all proteins in tissue samples that are modified by ADP-ribosylation, a stress response pathway. This allows for conclusions to be drawn about activated signaling pathways and potentially leads to new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for cancer and other diseases.
Researchers studied blood samples from 3,740 children and 1,074 adults in Managua, Nicaragua, after the 2016 Zika epidemic. The study found a high post-epidemic seroprevalence of 36% in children and 56% in adults, with immunity rates higher in females and increasing nonlinearly with age.
A modified RNA vaccine elicits protective response in mice to a conserved region of the flu virus, providing broad protection against various strains. The vaccine has shown promise as a universal flu vaccine candidate, which could be given multiple times over a lifetime for long-lasting protection.
Researchers at Loma Linda University Health found that kidney transplantation can be safely performed using organs testing positive for hepatitis C virus antibody but negative for active viral infection. The study expanded the number of kidneys available for those in need, addressing a shortage in organ donations.
A team in Japan developed a new technique to detect and analyze biomolecules with inhomogeneous charge distributions by adjusting the solution. They achieved improved sensor response, allowing researchers to determine the Debye length and map out a molecule's uneven charge distributions.
Researchers have identified a new class of antibodies that can protect against HIV-1 infection, using an animal model to show its effectiveness. The study found that IgM antibodies were able to prevent the virus from crossing the mucosal barrier, offering a potential breakthrough for AIDS prevention and treatment.
Scientists have developed a new method to attach drug-filled nanocarriers to immune cells, which can attack tumors, leading to improved targeted treatment. This breakthrough, published in Nature Nanotechnology, shows that the method is more efficient than traditional chemical bonding methods.
A new study found that levels of α-Gal antibodies vary with age and are higher in low transmission zones. IgM response was associated with protection against clinical malaria, especially in infants, while total IgG were linked to malaria risk. The results suggest α-Gal could be a promising molecule for future malaria vaccines
Researchers have discovered a potential malaria vaccine target in the ICAM1 binding motif, which is critical to the parasite's virulence. Children with higher antibody levels to this motif had lower rates of clinical and severe malaria.
Researchers discovered that NK cells can kill malaria-infected blood cells when activated by antibodies from people living in areas with high malaria transmission rates. The study provides a new mechanism for creating a malaria vaccine, offering an additional immune response to those already known.
Researchers have identified a genetic variation associated with an increased risk of developing neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a potentially fatal disease that blinds and paralyzes patients. The study, published in Nature Communications, may help scientists develop targeted treatments for NMO.
Researchers use droplet-sized miniecosystems to simultaneously test antibody binding affinity and cell function, reducing the drug discovery process. The new method enables scientists to select functional antibodies directly with phage display.
Researchers at CeMM Research Center discovered a protective mechanism against atherosclerosis when targeting the molecule BAFF. The study found that blocking BAFF receptors actually increased plaque size, revealing an unexpected role for BAFF in reducing atherosclerosis risk.
A new study from Uppsala University reveals that a wide range of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in immune complexes from the joints can cause local inflammation and drive joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. This finding supports the suspicion that ACPAs are pathogenic by forming immune complexes in the joints.
A recent study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases found that nearly a third of febrile patients in Northwest Ethiopia tested positive for dengue virus. The study identified key risk factors, including residence, occupation, and lack of mosquito net use, which can contribute to DENV infection.
A new index identifies individuals at risk for lupus by analyzing IgG, IgM antibodies and C1q levels in blood serum. The findings could help follow at-risk individuals and diagnose early lupus cases.
Antibodies against myeloperoxidase signal impending relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis patients. Routine monitoring may help prevent disease flare-ups.
A team of scientists developed a mathematical model to analyze antibody levels in Thai patients, identifying a 'window of risk' for individuals who are more susceptible to severe forms of the disease. The study's findings offer new insights into dengue infection and may lead to closer monitoring and vaccination strategies.
Researchers found that IgG antibodies play a key role in the severity of anaphylactic shock by activating blood platelets. Platelet activation may be behind the process, leading to a drop in body temperature and reduced circulating platelet count.
Scientists have identified a common site on both viruses that renders them defenseless to the same antibodies, paving the way for broad-spectrum therapies. The findings provide molecular proof of an anecdotal observation and could lead to the development of a universal vaccine against multiple hemorrhagic fever viruses.