Articles tagged with Immune Response
A UNSW psychology researcher recommends a set of neurocognitive and mental health questionnaires to harmonize the assessment of long COVID patients. These tests can be used internationally and in various cultural settings to address key questions about the problem, including brain fog and dementia risks.
A study published in the American Journal of Transplantation found that Covid-19 vaccines stimulate different immune responses in organ transplant patients. While antibody tests alone are insufficient, combining vaccines with T cell analyses provides better protection.
A new study found that heat stress in pregnant dairy cows reduces fetal growth and influences the performance and immune development of offspring. Calves born to heat-stressed cows have lower birth weights, organ weights, and higher rates of cell death, suggesting compromised placental and fetal development.
A Rutgers study found that people with severe or prolonged COVID-19 have higher antibody levels against the virus. The study of 831 participants showed that immune responses vary by symptom severity, with those having persistent symptoms producing more antibodies.
Researchers uncover a neuro-immune process by which brain signals instruct immune function in visceral fat stores, providing new approaches for fighting obesity and related illness. The study identifies a critical mediator of neuro-immune communication, mesenchymal cells, and reveals the molecular messages exchanged across all steps.
A multidisciplinary team reveals two structural points in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that allow the virus to deceive the immune system. These mutations can be detected and inform strategies to control the pandemic.
Researchers assessed effectiveness of T-cell immune response to 11 SARS-CoV-2 variants, identifying HLA gene variants with significantly changed virus peptides. The T-cell COVID-19 Atlas portal (T-CoV) provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the impact of viral mutations on immunity.
Researchers found that some medications used to treat autoimmune rheumatic diseases can weaken the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccination still induced an immune response in patients, but at a lower rate than in those without autoimmune diseases.
Flipon genetics proposes that evolution happens on a faster time scale than Darwin imagined, with rapid adaptations occurring in real-time within individuals. This is achieved through the simple sequence repeats of DNA, which can adopt alternative shapes and transmit adaptations to offspring.
A new research strategy enhances COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness by providing 'border protection' immunity in the nose, mouth and blood. The approach involves suppressing an enzyme that breaks down both pathogens and immune cells, resulting in a robust antibody response and improved protection against infections.
A study found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remained stable or increased in healthcare workers seven months after infection, indicating potential protection from pre-existing antibodies against common cold coronaviruses. The results suggest that individuals with higher levels of anti-HCoV IgG and IgA had lower susceptibility to COVID-19.
Immunocompromised individuals are at risk for prolonged viral shedding and the emergence of novel variants of concern. Healthcare providers must develop precise guidelines for monitoring and treating these patients.
Researchers have found a way to harness the power of immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer by targeting a protein called PIKfyve. Blocking PIKfyve with the inhibitor ESK981 has been shown to increase tumor death and recruit immune T cells, offering new hope for patients with this challenging form of cancer.
A recent study from Scripps Research found that proof-of-concept HIV vaccines generate off-target antibodies that degrade the vaccine's payload, hindering protection. The research provides critical insights for improving HIV subunit trimer vaccines and offers a promising avenue for design improvements.
A study published in Nature Medicine found that combining different COVID-19 vaccines boosts the immune response by up to ten times. The research team discovered that a combination of AstraZeneca and BioNTech vaccines or double doses of BioNTech vaccination yields better results than a double dose of AstraZeneca vaccine.
Eija Kononen is a Professor and Chair of Periodontology at the University of Turku, Finland, known for her pioneering work on oral microbiology and its role in immune response. Her novel salivary diagnostic method, the Cumulative Risk Score, has been used in several studies to diagnose periodontal status.
Researchers define the atomic-level architecture of a protein-receptor connection that allows the malaria parasite to evade the immune response. A drug designed to fit into this space could block the interaction, allowing the immune system to clear away the pathogen and potentially reducing severe malaria cases.
Researchers at TMDU discovered a novel disorder resulting from a mutation in the AIOLOS protein, which causes immune deficiency and interferes with IKAROS protein function. The study found that the mutant protein forms a heterodimer with IKAROS, recruiting it to incorrect regions of the genome and leading to immunodeficiency.
A new study published in Science Translational Medicine reports on the protection offered by Ebola vaccines. The research found that different vaccine platforms conferred varying levels of protection, with RBD-specific antibodies and Fc-mediated immune functions playing key roles.
Research from University of Johannesburg uncovers essential amino acids in wild African fruits. The study reveals several species exceed daily nutritional values recommended by WHO. The white olive and jacket plum are good candidates to boost immune function against viruses due to high lysine content.
Australian scientists found that COVID-19 survivors produced sustained antibodies but they were less effective against contemporary variants. The study suggests vaccination is more effective than the body's natural response and highlights the need for new vaccine designs to keep pace with emerging variants.
A team of researchers has identified a mechanism explaining how Tpex cells can maintain their function for long periods, potentially improving the success rate of immunotherapy. The discovery was made by identifying increased amounts of an immunosuppressive molecule, which reduces activity of mTOR and dampens the immune response.
A new study by University of Miami researchers documents how coral genes respond to stony coral tissue loss disease, a rapidly spreading disease killing corals in Florida and the Caribbean. The study found that a network of genes important for cell death, immunity, and tissue rearrangement are triggered in response to the disease.
Recent evidence suggests diminished immune response to COVID-19 vaccines among immunosuppressed individuals. Researchers argue that developing targeted vaccination strategies is crucial to protect vulnerable populations and control new variant spread.
A new Finnish study found that healthcare workers who received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had strong antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, with similar effectiveness against the alpha variant as the original virus. The immune response was weaker against the beta variant, but still provided relatively good protection.
Researchers used machine learning to analyze tumor microenvironment and identify biomarkers that predict patient response to immunotherapy. The model outperformed current biomarkers, enabling personalized treatment and better understanding of biological mechanisms involved.
Scientists are using AI to investigate how gut bacteria interact with the human immune system, aiming to enhance vaccine response. They hope to find definitive cause-and-effect relationships between the microbiome and immune response.
Researchers found that COVID-19 vaccines induce a robust and potentially long-lasting immune response with the formation of germinal centers in lymph nodes. Vaccination led to high levels of neutralizing antibodies effective against three variants of the virus, including the Beta variant from South Africa.
A randomised controlled trial of 550 young people found two doses of CoronaVac to be safe and provoke a strong antibody response. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate, with pain at the injection site being the most commonly reported symptom.
Researchers have developed two COVID-19 vaccines that elicited durable neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pre-clinical research. The Moderna mRNA vaccine and a protein-based vaccine candidate showed strong immunity in infant rhesus macaques, with no adverse effects.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have identified a novel gene, Per2AS, that controls the sleep/wake cycle in mice, revealing the importance of non-coding genes in regulating biological processes. The study's findings could lead to breakthroughs in understanding internal body clocks and their role in various diseases.
A comprehensive review suggests that gut microbiota play a crucial role in immune responses to vaccinations. The study aims to improve vaccine effectiveness by understanding the microbiota's impact on B and T cell immune responses.
Researchers have discovered that non-professional cells can detect changes in metabolism and activate defensive measures against pathogens. This finding has implications for understanding immunity in humans and potentially developing new tools to prevent and treat infections.
Research finds that small chloroplasts in plant epidermal cells play a crucial role in controlling the entry of fungal pathogens. The study reveals that these chloroplasts migrate to the surface layer in response to fungal attacks, blocking their invasion into plant cells.
A University of Queensland study has found that reduced levels of metabolic hormone leptin are associated with poor vaccine antibody responses in both young and older individuals. The research could lead to the development of new strategies for improving vaccine protection in vulnerable populations.
Researchers at the University of Vermont have discovered new biomarkers for predicting clinical and immune responses to dengue virus infection. These findings could aid in the development of more effective vaccines against all four dengue strains, a crucial step in combating this deadly disease.
The vaccine has the potential to improve seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness, produce vaccines faster and use smaller doses. It achieved a strong immune response in mice, providing protection against two different strains of influenza.
A new study reveals key details of how SARS-CoV-2 variants escape the immune response created by natural infection or vaccination. The research highlights that several mutations are clustered in one site on the spike protein, disrupting antibody binding and neutralization.
Researchers developed a microparticle-based cancer vaccine that kickstarts an immune response, increasing the proportion of mice cured of tumors to 75%. Combining the vaccine with immune checkpoint inhibitors greatly improves treatment success, offering a promising approach to improving cancer treatment.
A University of Colorado Boulder study suggests that invertebrate immunity can prevent disease transmission, offering insights into COVID-19 and other zoonotic diseases. Researchers observed that some plankton can stop fungal spores from entering their bodies, while others clear infections within a limited window after exposure.
A large cohort study reveals that despite impaired immunity, dialysis patients maintain SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels for at least 6 months following infection. The researchers found no indication that subgroups with impaired immunity had a shorter-lived humoral response compared to healthy individuals.
Sperm deliver signals that increase the chances of conception by persuading female reproductive tissues to accept the male partner's genetic material. Factors like age, diet, and environmental exposures can affect sperm quality, impacting pregnancy health.
A novel screening strategy using cultured plant cells can identify microorganisms that stimulate plant immune mechanisms without harming plants. Eight bacterial strains were found to boost cryptogein-induced ROS production, inducing whole-plant resistance to bacterial pathogens.
Young zebra finches exposed to traffic noise developed songs with lower accuracy and were delayed in their vocal development. Chronic stress due to noise also suppressed the birds' immune function, leading to potential long-term health issues.
A dengue virus vaccine candidate has produced a protective immune response in infected mice, offering a promising alternative to existing vaccines. The UQ-developed vaccine uses an Australian insect virus and can be administered via a microarray patch for easy, needle-free delivery.
A new study found that five major kefir brands fell short of their claims, delivering between 10 million to 1 billion bacteria per gram. The researchers also identified discrepancies between the labeled species and those present in the products.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that participants who were touched by a humanoid robot during conversation reported a better emotional state. Those who received non-functional touch from the robot were more likely to comply with requests and exhibit positive behavioral responses, suggesting potential for robots to boost motivation.
Researchers developed an intranasal influenza vaccine using recombinant hemagglutinin and found it enhanced immune responses in mice. The vaccine showed superior immunoenhancing properties and conferred protection against both same and different virus strains.
Corals use an ancient immune mechanism to select suitable microalgae as symbionts, tolerating them over time. The 'vomocytosis' process involves immune suppression that allows algae to establish a niche within the coral's cells, facilitating nutrient exchange.
The study created a genetic database that maps the function of genetic variants in autoimmune diseases, connecting DNA sequence changes to gene expression levels. The researchers analyzed 79 healthy volunteers and 337 patients with different types of immune-mediated diseases.
New research from the University of Waterloo reveals shift work disrupts the circadian clock, affecting immune response and increasing risk of infection. The study shows sex differences in immune system reactivity, with males more prone to overactivation and females better prepared to fight off infections.
A University of Minnesota Medical School study found that organ tissues develop immunity to viruses over time, leading to a broader understanding of the immune system's role in surveillance. The research reveals that up to 25% of cells in organs are immune cells, significantly contributing to the body's cellular makeup.
A study by Penn researchers found that people with schizophrenia have a compromised blood-brain barrier, allowing the immune system to improperly influence the central nervous system. This inflammation contributes to the condition's symptoms. The findings may also apply to other mental disorders.
A large-scale evaluation of a federal policy aimed at reducing deaths from sepsis found that it was mostly ineffective in improving patient outcomes. Despite significant investments, the 'all or none' guidelines, known as SEP-1, did not translate to clinically meaningful changes in care delivery or reductions in deaths.
Research finds mRNA COVID-19 vaccine may have reduced efficacy in individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Patients with CLL who are treatment-naive or in remission tend to respond better to the vaccine.
The journal publishes an editorial, two mini review articles, two opinion articles, and an interview on various topics including COVID-19 diagnosis, dental implant biomaterials, ferroptosis resistance in cancer, and sonoporation. BIO Integration Journal is a peer-reviewed, open access international journal dedicated to modern medicine.
A new study reveals how Ebola virus's VP40 protein uses human mRNA to transform into different shapes, adapting to various functions. This discovery sheds light on the fundamentals of genome-encoded information and highlights VP40 as a key vulnerability for effective therapies.
A new study expands evaluation of gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare genetic neurodegenerative disease. Treatment with onasemnogene abeparvovec is associated with an immune response, but showed no long-term adverse effects.
Researchers developed a personalized tumor cell vaccine strategy targeting Myc oncogenes combined with checkpoint therapy, creating an effective immune response. In the mouse neuroblastoma model, the vaccine showed a 75% cure rate and long-term survival.
Recent discoveries have revealed a complex picture of plant defense, with responses to PRR receptor signaling and NLR signaling extensively overlapping. The two immune branches are now considered to be more intimately connected than previously thought, leading to a re-thought model of separate ETI and PTI pathways.