Articles tagged with Immune Response
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study found that probiotics and prebiotics have distinct effects on the immune systems of male and female piglets, contradicting previous assumptions. This research highlights the importance of considering sex in nutritional trials and may lead to personalized treatment approaches for infants.
KAUST scientists have identified MAP4K4 as a key player in plant immunity, essential for proper responses to environmental pathogens. The discovery reveals targets in a molecular pathway that could be manipulated by crop breeders to make plants more resistant.
A newly developed experimental vaccine has demonstrated over 80% effectiveness in protecting mice from succumbing to Staphylococcus aureus infection. The vaccine targets specific proteins found on the bacteria and has shown promise in preventing biofilm formation, a major cause of hospital-acquired infections.
Researchers have developed a new way to measure white blood cell function, providing more accurate prognostic information for patients with sepsis. The technology assesses activation state and function of white blood cells from small blood samples, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers at Georgia State University have identified the critical protein Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), which plays a significant role in triggering an immune response to viral infections. The study found that ZBP1 is essential for restricting West Nile and Zika virus replication, preventing severe disease outcomes.
The study developed a new method combining mass spectrometry technology and machine learning to identify HLA-II binding motifs, leading to improved prediction of immunogenic peptides. This advancement will refine personalized immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science and Germany's University of Cologne have identified two antibodies produced by vaccinated individuals that provide long-term immunity against Ebola. These antibodies, which target specific sites on the viral glycoprotein, demonstrate effective protection against the virus.
Scientists at the University of Dundee have mapped how T lymphocytes control expression of over 9,000 proteins in response to infections and tumours. The study reveals critical discoveries on how immune-suppressive drugs work and how oxygen and nutrient environments shape immune responses.
The US FDA has approved a new smallpox vaccine called JYNNEOS, which is non-replicating and can be used to protect against both smallpox and monkeypox diseases. The vaccine developed by Bavarian Nordic was shown to have a superior immune response compared to the existing ACAM2000 vaccine.
The NIH has awarded contracts to establish three new centers for immunology research to accelerate progress in TB vaccine development. The program aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the immune responses required to prevent TB infection and disease.
A recent study by Nicolas Cermakian and Nathalie Labrecque found that the biological clock influences immune response efficacy in CD8 T cells. The study discovered that the strength of the immune response varied according to the time of day, with mice showing a stronger response to vaccination at certain times.
A new study on sheep aging found that declining immune function accelerates parasite infections, leading to early mortality. The research, which tracked over 800 individual animals, discovered a link between antibody availability and mortality risk.
A study found a germline mutation in the CD137 gene to be associated with childhood lymphoma, highlighting its key role in immune surveillance against EBV infection. The research aims to develop targeted therapeutics to stop this disease process.
The RV144 vaccine has shown promising results with a new study indicating it may provide protection against multiple strains of HIV. Researchers discovered that the vaccine elicited stronger immune responses, particularly in men, and was well-tolerated, suggesting potential long-term efficacy.
The study reveals that ectosomes, tiny vesicles containing key immune messages, can be intercepted and deciphered using super resolution microscopy. This breakthrough understanding of cellular communication has significant implications for developing therapies that shape the immune response to specific diseases.
A study by Emory Vaccine Center and CDC found immunity against mumps virus insufficient in a fraction of college-aged people who received MMR as children. The results highlight the need for better understanding of immune response to mumps and vaccines.
A team of biologists has shed new light on a crucial aspect of the plant immune response, revealing how plant resistance proteins trigger localized cell death. By understanding this mechanism, scientists may develop strategies for engineering disease-resistant crops.
A new chlamydia vaccine has shown promising early signs of effectiveness in a phase 1 clinical trial, provoking an immune response in all participants. The vaccine, CTH522, demonstrated improved performance with added liposomes, producing higher antibody levels and a more consistent cell-mediated immune response.
A new study suggests that nitazoxanide, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, could potentially treat Ebola by enhancing the immune system's ability to detect the virus. The drug inhibited Ebola replication and worked by broadly amplifying the interferon pathway and cellular viral sensors.
A PSU biologist is investigating the link between a Western diet high in fat and sugar and its effects on the immune system, with a focus on chronic inflammation and sepsis severity. The researcher aims to identify molecular mechanisms behind this relationship and explore potential dietary interventions.
A study found that women's immune response to the flu vaccine is stronger than men's, but declines with age, especially in women. Researchers discovered that estrogen levels boost female immunity, while testosterone has a weaker effect on male responses.
A new study published in The Plant Cell found that plant immune systems vary between species, contradicting previous assumptions based on Arabidopsis thaliana research. Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing techniques to investigate the tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana's immune response.
The approach demonstrated in mice enhances healing by reprogramming aggressive immune cells to work for the body, reducing inflammation and promoting regeneration. This technology could lead to new therapeutic strategies for patients with spinal cord injury and inflammatory diseases.
A recent study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows that mosquitoes employ a multi-stage immune response to combat malaria parasites, involving a complement-like pathway and phenoloxidases. This understanding could lead to opportunities to eliminate malaria parasites in the mosquito, reducing human cases.
Female bed bugs exhibit induced antibacterial humoral immune responses when fed regularly, with a 22% increase in longevity compared to unpredictable feeding schedules. Anticipation of mating-associated infection through feeding cues may influence reproductive immune anticipation.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia mount a robust immune response to their cancer. The study suggests that the immune system may be able to effectively target pediatric ALL, potentially leading to new immunotherapy treatments.
Researchers studying CD73, an enzyme suppressing the natural immune response, hope to block its production to help treat aggressive head and neck cancers. High levels of CD73 are associated with poor prognosis in these cancers.
Researchers developed a novel mouse model of intestinal parasite infection that mimics human disease, offering protection against Cryptosporidium infection. The model uses a naturally occurring species of mouse Cryptosporidium and demonstrates the importance of T cells and interferon-gamma in immune response.
Dr. Julie Marchesan, a rising young researcher, is the recipient of the $10,000 AADR Anne D. Haffajee Fellowship to support women in oral biology research. The fellowship aims to increase female representation in science and academia.
Researchers identified Roseburia intestinalis as a gut bacterium triggering antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. The study suggests that eliminating this bacterium may help decrease antibody levels and open doors for future treatment options.
Scientists studying Leishmania parasites found that they can mate to produce hybrid offspring carrying genetic material from multiple strains, suggesting a true sexual reproductive cycle. This discovery could lead to improved treatment for deadly Leishmaniasis infections.
A new study by immunologists at the Babraham Institute has shown that fecal transplants from young mice can replenish and boost the gut microbiome of older mice, rejuvenating their immune system. The research suggests that targeting the gut microbiome could be a way to treat age-related symptoms and facilitate healthy aging.
A new method using flow cytometry has been developed to measure the immune response in islet transplant recipients. This standardized approach helps predict patient outcomes and could enable early intervention to prevent rejection.
A new study from Rockefeller University reveals that the gut is organized into compartments with different immune system functions in each segment. This discovery has potential to improve drugs for gastrointestinal disorders and inform the development of oral vaccines.
New research at the University of Sheffield reveals that dead cells can disrupt the normal function of immune cells, called macrophages, which are crucial for responding to wounds and patrolling for infection. The study's findings could lead to new therapies to manipulate white blood cells and accelerate healing processes.
Researchers found that Ebola survivors developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies months after recovery, which could inform the design of antiviral therapies and vaccines. The study's findings have implications for understanding immune protection after vaccination and developing effective treatments.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology developed a new HIV vaccine delivery strategy that enhances the protective immune response by slowly releasing vaccine doses. This approach, called escalating dose strategy, leads to stronger and more neutralizing antibodies against the virus.
Researchers at Swansea University's Medical School have found that immune cells can re-programme their metabolic pathways to provide energy and building blocks when challenged. This discovery suggests that manipulating metabolism could lead to new therapies for infectious diseases and cancer.
Researchers at Northwestern University have designed spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) that stimulate powerful anti-cancer immune responses, completely eliminating tumors in 30% of animals and improving overall survival. The study's findings highlight the importance of chemical structure and three-dimensional presentation in vaccine design.
Researchers have identified a key enzyme that helps cancer cells survive by eliminating junk RNA. Targeting this enzyme, ADAR, may lead to breakthroughs in treating various types of cancer.
Researchers found that combining tumor-selective angiotensin blockers with immune checkpoint blockers significantly improves breast cancer treatment in mouse models. The combination treatment normalizes the tumor microenvironment, inducing changes in gene expression and activating immunosupportive pathways.
Researchers at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered that genetic deletion of TET2 and TET3 in mouse B cells impairs the generation of functional IgG antibodies, highlighting the critical role of epigenetic control in healthy immune cell function.
A small clinical trial shows that gene therapy can safely correct the immune systems of infants with X-SCID, a rare life-threatening disorder. The treatment involves inserting a normal copy of the IL2RG gene into the patient's blood-forming stem cells.
A recent study published in The Gerontologist suggests that the link between caregiving and negative health effects has been overstated. After analyzing data from over three decades of research, Johns Hopkins researchers found a weak association between caregiving and immune system biomarkers.
A study suggests that tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) impairs immune function and makes flu shots less effective in mice. The findings could explain why seasonal influenza poses a major global health threat.
Researchers discovered that owl monkey cytomegalovirus produces a CD48 decoy receptor called A43, which binds strongly to natural killer cells and blocks their interaction with CD48. This finding highlights the potential of using A43 as a therapeutic tool to manipulate aberrant immune responses.
Researchers have discovered a highly focused antibody response in dengue infection that neutralizes the virus and persists for months. The study provides new insights into the complex immune response to dengue and could lead to advanced vaccine formulations.
Researchers found a class of enzymes called metacaspases play a crucial role in plant immune response, releasing calcium and peptides to prevent infection. The discovery opens up new avenues for improving crop breeding techniques and boosting plant immunity.
Researchers investigate the conditions that drive protein droplets to switch from a fluid to a gel-like state, finding that environmental factors play a crucial role. The study uses innovative techniques such as optical tweezers and laser poking to probe the dynamics of these tiny molecules, which may be involved in health and disease.
A novel mechanism discovered by researchers at the University of York and Queen Mary University London reveals that miR-132 controls how immune cells respond to infection. This tiny molecule acts as a 'handbrake' on the immune system, preventing over-reaction and promoting protective immunity.
Researchers develop TIGER mouse to track information-rich particles in brain, revealing new cell types releasing extracellular vesicles. The study aims to generate an atlas for diagnosing and treating various diseases.
A high-fat diet and aging are associated with inflammation in heart failure, as well as changes to the gut microbiome. In mice, a calorie-dense diet altered the composition of the gut microbiome and increased neutrophils, leading to nonresolving inflammation.
New research from UNC School of Medicine reveals that tick bites can cause an allergic immune response to alpha-gal, a sugar found in most mammal blood except humans, leading to red meat allergy syndrome (AGS). This challenges previous theories and suggests the risk of each tick bite may be higher than anticipated.
A mouse model study published in The FASEB Journal suggests that gastrointestinal neuroimmune disruption is a contributing mechanism of Gulf War Illness. The research found that exposure to pyridostigmine bromide causes long-lasting gastrointestinal issues and immune system changes in the gut and brain.
Researchers at Duke University found that a single CRISPR treatment can safely correct genetic disease for over a year, despite immune responses. The study suggests approaches to address potential challenges and potentially deliver the therapy to infants or restrict Cas9 expression.
EDS1 protein partners with PAD4 and SAG101 to promote reprogramming of gene expression and localized cell death, carrying out a crucial link between recognition and resistance in plant immunity. A key surface on EDS1 enables its functions, promoting salicylic acid accumulation and blocking bacterial virulence molecules.
Two clinical studies show that liquid biopsies can accurately track lung cancer treatment responses, detecting changes in circulating tumor DNA four weeks earlier than CT imaging. The tests provide a more accurate and noninvasive way to assess therapeutic responses, avoiding unneeded toxicity or ineffective treatments.
Researchers found that self-compassion exercises calmed the heart rate and reduced stress responses in healthy individuals. This approach has been linked to improved mental health outcomes and may be beneficial for people with depression. Future studies aim to investigate this method further.
Researchers found that lizards from high-stress environments had more robust immune systems when exposed to prolonged stress, suggesting a potential adaptive advantage. The study's results may have implications for human stress response and disease prevention.
Research highlights the importance of tumor-associated Tregs in evoking effective antitumour immune responses. Depletion or inhibition of Tregs may enhance antitumor effects, suggesting a promising strategy for alleviating tumour immunesuppression and improving immune responses against cancers.