Articles tagged with Pediatrics
Researchers found that being African American strongly associated with higher risk of postoperative complications and mortality among apparently healthy children. African American children had 27% greater odds of developing postoperative complications and 3.43 times higher odds of dying within 30 days after surgery compared to white peers
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that only 30% of US pediatricians fully implement recommended practices for preventing peanut allergy, with common barriers including lack of clinic time and parental fear. The 2017 guidelines aim to introduce peanut-containing foods at 4-6 months to reduce prevalence.
A new study published in Pediatrics finds that a community development initiative in Columbus, Ohio's Southern Orchards neighborhood reduced emergency department visits by 20.8% and inpatient admissions by 12.7%. The improvement is attributed to housing improvements and other interventions.
A study of 212 newborns found that higher proportions of Bacteroidetes bacteria in meconium were associated with later obesity. The infant's microbiome before birth may play a role in their weight status.
A collaborative study has identified NPHS1 as a disease-susceptibility gene for steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children. Variants in this region of chromosome 19 were found to be associated with the disease, and their impact on nephrin mRNA expression was confirmed.
A new study found that low-income families receiving SNAP benefits later in the month experience fewer emergency room visits for childhood injuries, likely due to better meal planning and food security. The researchers suggest that supporting federal food assistance programs like SNAP can help reduce childhood injuries and morbidity.
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that even minor heart defects can lead to chronic diseases, such as arrhythmia and heart failure, in adulthood. Adults who underwent congenital heart surgery during childhood are more likely to experience lower levels of education and employment rates.
A large systematic review of children with COVID-19 from 26 countries found that most cases had mild symptoms, with 19% having no symptoms. Laboratory findings showed abnormal inflammatory markers, but severe cases were rare, with only seven deaths reported.
A new case series published in Radiology examines the spectrum of imaging findings in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with prior exposure or infection to SARS-CoV-2. The study identified a pattern of imaging findings including airway inflammation and pulmonary edema.
Scientists have discovered a common TP53-R337H variant among people of Brazilian descent that increases cancer risk when combined with an inherited XAF1 mutation. The study found individuals with both mutations are at a greater risk of cancer, highlighting the importance of genetic screening and public health approaches.
A new study by Boston Children's Hospital found that reducing resident physicians' work hours can worsen patient safety if caseloads are too high. The study discovered that residents who cared for more patients experienced a higher rate of medical errors, highlighting the need for better staffing standards.
NYU Dentistry's Bridging the Gap program aims to expand dental workforce with skills and commitment to patients with disabilities. The five-year grant will integrate training into NYU's Advanced Education Program in Pediatric Dentistry, creating new curricula for general dentists and dental hygienists.
Dr. Gosain's lab aims to establish a causative relationship between dysbiosis and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis, identifying key drivers of the disease and potential therapeutic targets.
Researchers at the University of Houston have identified three different stem cell types in Crohn's biopsies, with two variants contributing to inflammation and fibrosis. The team is developing new drug therapies to selectively destroy these rogue cells and create new treatments for pediatric and adult Crohn's disease.
According to a new Stanford-led study, California's most vulnerable premature babies are now healthier when they go home from the hospital. The proportion of infants who survived without major complications increased from 62% to 67%, while those with major complications had fewer of them.
A Phase 2 study led by UB pediatric endocrinologist Teresa Quattrin shows that golimumab, an anti-TNF therapy, preserved beta-cell function and reduced injected insulin required in children and young adults with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes. The study demonstrated a higher C-peptide level in patients treated with golimumab compared ...
A study of 34 pediatric COVID-19 patients in China found that children presented with mild to moderate symptoms, including fever and cough, which recovered within days after treatment. Chest CT scans revealed distinct lung patterns, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and intervention in suspected cases.
A new study has found that children with developmental disabilities have a higher risk of developing asthma. The study, which analyzed data from over 71,000 families, showed that ethnic minority children were particularly at risk of dual diagnoses of asthma and disability.
A national study found 6.1% of parents hesitant about routine childhood immunizations while nearly 26% were hesitant about the influenza vaccine. The researchers suggest focusing on changing behavior rather than directly countering beliefs or attitudes to combat hesitancy.
A multicenter study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that 65% of critically ill pediatric ICU patients did not receive physical or occupational therapy while hospitalized. This lack of care can lead to long-term physical and psychological problems in children.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine honored three trainee investigators for their exceptional sleep research. Kent Werner, MD, PhD, received the top prize, while Michael R. Goldstein, PhD, and Samira Naime, MD, were awarded honorable mentions for their work on sleep disturbances and gender parity in medicine.
A recent study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that telemedicine is an effective way to deliver pediatric neurology care, with a 93% satisfaction rate among clinicians. The study also suggests that telemedicine may help address existing barriers to care, such as lack of access to computers or transportation needs. To impro...
Researchers estimated appropriate pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir to treat pediatric patients with COVID-19. The study suggests these treatments may be effective for children infected with the virus.
Pediatric surgical patients presented with COVID-19 at three US children's hospitals. The study found a significant number of infected patients, emphasizing the need for infection control measures.
A new study characterizes concussions in elementary school-age children, revealing common vision and balance issues that warrant consistent assessments at the initial healthcare visit. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to improve outcomes, including school accommodations and vestibular or vision therapy.
A study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that universal preoperative COVID-19 screening improved pediatric patient safety by identifying asymptomatic cases. The researchers analyzed data from three major children's hospitals and found significant variation in COVID-19 incidence rates, ranging from 0.22% to 2.65%.
The recommended updates to newborn screening guidelines aim to refine the algorithm and improve reporting for critical congenital heart disease. The new guidelines simplify the passing threshold, trigger clinical assessment faster when oxygen saturation is low, and increase education about tool strengths and limitations.
A case series describes immunologic features of mild and moderate COVID-19 in pediatric patients, highlighting distinct clinical characteristics. The study found that hospitalized children with COVID-19 exhibit unique immune responses, which may inform treatment strategies.
Researchers at Texas A&M University designed a microdevice that mimics tortuous blood vessels to detect and monitor blood clots in pediatric patients. The device, developed by Dr. Abhishek Jain's team, provides quick, reliable, and low-cost results within 10-15 minutes.
A phase III trial showed rituximab significantly improves the three-year survival rate for pediatric patients with advanced B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, decreasing treatment failures by 70 percent.
A UT Southwestern study found that teenagers with vaping-linked respiratory disease EVALI also experienced gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of psychosocial factors, including substance abuse. Treatment with glucocorticoid led to improvement in symptoms and lung function.
A new study published in eLife finds that the number and types of immune cells in mouse lungs increase rapidly after birth, helping them adapt to breathing and protect against infections. This discovery may lead to new therapies to preserve or enhance lung development in infants and young children.
A new study by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers found a nearly 2.5-fold decrease in pediatric fractures overall due to cancelled sports and playground closures, but an increase in at-home fractures, particularly bicycle and trampoline injuries.
A case series of 30 pediatric patients with COVID-19 found that 77% had negative chest CT findings, while the subset with positive results showed common patterns such as bilateral ground-glass opacities and lower lobe predominance. Age correlated with increasing severity of findings.
A new pediatric-specific scoring system, pMeNTS, is presented to help surgeons prioritize non-emergency operations during the pandemic. The tool evaluates medical necessity, time-sensitivity, and COVID-19 factors to determine a higher priority for procedures.
A network of hospitals successfully implemented international cerebral palsy diagnosis guidelines, reducing the average age at diagnosis from 19.5 months to 9.5 months in just one year. The initiative involved five hospital systems and demonstrated the practicality and effectiveness of the guidelines for improving early interventions.
The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened existing inequalities in US children from low-income households, hindering their access to quality education and nutritious meals. The authors recommend targeted legislation to address child health and well-being, including expanding services and increasing funding for nutrition assistance programs.
Children with COVID-19 often require hospitalization and intensive care due to inflammation and respiratory issues. Researchers found that obesity and asthma were not associated with increased risk of enhanced care, but over half of the children had no known contact with a positive person.
The article outlines a roadmap for better understanding COVID-19 in children, emphasizing the need for widespread testing, antibody studies, and vaccine evaluations. Critical steps are required to ensure children receive timely attention, treatment, and prevention strategies.
The Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) has demonstrated favorable outcomes for long-term function, safety, and efficacy in congenital patients. At 10-year follow-up, the study found high freedom rates from all-cause mortality, surgical reintervention, and catheter intervention.
Blood biomarkers like CRP and procalcitonin may help identify most severe outcomes in children with community-acquired pneumonia, but do not predict overall severity. The study's findings highlight the need for more research to validate prognostic tools for pediatric pneumonia.
A new study reveals that children with cancer in New York are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, with a higher risk of severe illness. The research highlights the importance of prioritizing vaccine administration and infection control measures to protect these vulnerable patients.
A recent study analyzing Medicaid claims data found a lower prevalence of food allergy among enrolled children (0.6%) compared to previous estimates (7.6%). The research suggests potential under-diagnosis and highlights disparities in adequate management, particularly for racial and ethnic groups.
Visits for mental health disorders rose 60%, while deliberate self-harm increased 329%. The rate of substance use disorders also saw a significant rise. To address this, researchers recommend improved preparedness and screening for suicidal ideation in emergency departments.
A study by Rutgers University found that children and young adults are at greater risk for severe COVID-19 complications than thought. The majority of those admitted to pediatric intensive care units had underlying health conditions, which significantly increased the risk of severe illness.
This observational study describes COVID-19 presentations, comorbidities, disease severity, and early treatment outcomes in North American pediatric ICUs. The study highlights the importance of pediatric care during the pandemic, providing valuable insights into patient management and mortality rates.
A review of pediatric COVID-19 imaging findings reveals unique characteristics, such as the halo sign and subpleural sparing. These features can help radiologists narrow the differential diagnosis, leading to optimal patient care.
A new device using controlled incremental filtration is being developed to safely and effectively separate white blood cells from blood in pediatric patients. This technology aims to increase access to cell-based therapies for children worldwide, providing a potentially transformative impact on their health and well-being.
Researchers compare whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI to FDG PET and find significant agreement in tracking tumor response to therapy, raising the possibility of using DW MRI as a replacement for CT scanning.
Children in rural communities face higher risk of debilitating lawnmower injuries, which can lead to amputations and lengthy hospital stays. The study found that over 80% of pediatric lawnmower injuries occur in Southern and Midwestern states due to warmer weather and ride-on mower prevalence.
Experts at UTHealth report a breakthrough in treating severe COVID-19 cases in children, illustrating that the disease can be successfully managed despite its severity.
Dexrazoxane has been shown to preserve cardiac function and reduce risk of severe cardiac events in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The study suggests dexrazoxane should be considered for cardioprotection in all pediatric patients undergoing standard chemotherapy for AML.
Hyperdiploid B-ALL, the most common subtype of pediatric leukemia, arises from a malfunctioning Condensin complex, Aurora B kinase, and mitotic checkpoint in cell division. Researchers have unveiled the molecular mechanisms underlying HyperD-ALL origin and progression.
A recent study found pediatric cancer trial enrollment decreased from 40-70% in the 1990s to 19.9% in the current study. This decline is partly attributed to improved treatments for common childhood cancers, shifting focus to rarer and higher-risk cancers.
A study by CHOP researchers found that continuous pulse oximetry monitoring is being used in infants with bronchiolitis who do not require supplemental oxygen. The use of this practice varies widely among hospitals, with some institutions using it as a safety net despite national recommendations against it.
Critical Path Institute (C-Path) has been awarded a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) contract to develop novel clinical outcome assessments for pediatric asthma. The project aims to create patient-focused drug development tools for children with asthma.
A study published in Pediatrics found racial disparities in pain management among children presenting to emergency departments with long-bone fractures. Minority children were more likely to receive analgesics, but less likely to receive opioids and optimal pain reduction.
Research from Drexel University suggests that screen time for babies and less parent-child playtime are associated with increased autism spectrum disorder-like symptoms. The study found a four percent greater risk of ASD-like symptoms with screen viewing at 12 months, and daily playtime reduced the risk by nine percent.
A new study estimates that for every child requiring intensive care for COVID-19, there are 2,381 children infected with the virus. The US CDC and state health departments should begin reporting confirmed cases by age group to understand the true extent of the outbreak.
The article provides valuable information for pediatric healthcare clinicians on managing children with COVID-19 and its complications. Key findings highlight the importance of vaccination, infection control measures, and monitoring for long-term effects.