Articles tagged with Pediatrics
A longitudinal cohort study reveals that early-life infection burden may continue throughout childhood, increasing the risk of future infections and antibiotics use. The findings suggest that high infection burdens in early life are independently associated with later antibiotic treatments.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found an inverse association between fluoride exposure and children's IQ scores. The findings suggest a dose-response relationship between fluoride levels and IQ across multiple countries, highlighting the need for comprehensive public health risk-benefit assessments of fluoride exposures.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh developed a non-invasive nasal swab test that diagnoses specific asthma subtype, or endotype, in children. The test, published in JAMA, shows promise for improving asthma treatment outcomes and paving the way for better treatments for lesser-studied asthma types.
A case-control study found that flu vaccination protects children from all levels of severe influenza illness, emphasizing the importance of vaccination for this population. The findings suggest that vaccine should be administered to pediatric patients to prevent severe influenza.
According to a new survey, over half of U.S. adults believe the RSV vaccine is effective in protecting infants from the virus, up from 42% last year. The rise in perceived effectiveness comes as several politicians have cast doubt on the vaccine's safety and efficacy.
US youths experience disparities in firearm and motor vehicle crash fatality rates across different age groups, sexes, races, and ethnicities. A multipronged approach is necessary to address these leading causes of death, focusing on individual, community, and policy levels for high-risk groups.
Between 2020 and 2023, buprenorphine dispensing to adolescents increased, while prescribing declined among young adults. These changes are attributed to improved outreach, telehealth prescriptions, and elimination of waiver requirements.
Early treatment with TNF inhibitors has been shown to prevent complications in kids with Crohn's disease, reducing the risk of perianal fistulas by 82%. The study found that anti-TNF drugs are specifically effective in preventing these debilitating complications, making them a recommended first-line therapy.
A new multicenter study design utilizing impulse oscillometry successfully assessed lung function in premature children, showing high technical acceptability and research-quality data. The study's protocol may provide a framework for future research on lung health in former preterm patients.
A recent study published in Journal of Dental Research examined the relationship between early childhood fluoride exposure and cognitive development. The research found that there were no significant effects of fluoride exposure on cognitive neurodevelopment, with the hypothesis of non-inferiority tests also supporting this conclusion.
A new University of Minnesota Medical School study highlights how children ages 4 to 12 interpret common medical phrases, revealing surprising misunderstandings. The research team recommends that healthcare professionals avoid jargon and use developmentally appropriate language to improve child patients' experiences.
A study by UCSF researchers found that language, education, and age affect someone's ability to engage with digital health tools. Young English speakers are most comfortable using digital health tools, but others face barriers due to limited education or language proficiency.
Researchers discovered a novel combination of plasma-based biomarkers that can predict liver fibrosis in Latino adolescents with obesity. The study found that dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were significantly associated with fibrosis, suggesting a potential low-cost, noninvasive screening tool.
A new blood test reveals heart transplant patients at risk of rejection by analyzing DNA fragments in their blood. This non-invasive test is comparable to existing US tests and could save millions in public healthcare costs.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Stanford University have developed a new immunotherapy platform called TRACeR-I, which can more accurately recognize a wide variety of surface proteins expressed by cancer cells. This improved recognition enables the body's own immune system to target cancer cells more effectively.
Research from 2008-2020 shows an increase in emotional/mental health and suicide prevention in schools, but a decrease in substance use prevention, particularly among middle schools. This shift highlights the need for targeted teacher training and resource allocation to address emerging trends in school mental health.
Researchers found that children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are 22 times more likely to have asthma compared to those without PCD characteristics. The study suggests that some children diagnosed with asthma may have undiagnosed PCD, particularly if they exhibit unique respiratory symptoms.
Racially and ethnically minoritized US children experience disparities in mean levels and variability of sleep compared to white peers. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing multiple sleep dimensions across diverse racial and ethnic groups to achieve equitable pediatric sleep health.
A new study from the University of Missouri-Columbia found that socioeconomic status and education level are associated with lower odds of children receiving CPR and surviving after experiencing a cardiac arrest. The study analyzed 21,137 data entries across 54 states and territories in the United States.
The study analyzed the high burden of RSV-associated acute respiratory illness among young children in the U.S. and found nirsevimab to be effective against severe cases, highlighting the potential for substantial public health impact through increased prevention coverage.
Researchers developed an interactive screening model called RITA-T, which improved early identification of high-risk toddlers from underserved areas. The study found that toddlers screened via RITA-T had shorter wait times and more accessible diagnostic services compared to those not using the model.
The collaboration aims to develop regulatory science tools, including open-source models and datasets, to facilitate the technical evaluation of pediatric and perinatal medical devices. Children's National will contribute its expertise in research and innovation, particularly in data analytics, to support the development of these tools.
Research reveals transgender and gender-diverse preteens are 15% less physically active than cisgender peers, with 1,394 fewer steps taken daily. This disparity may be due to stigma and discrimination discouraging team sports participation.
This special issue of Calcified Tissue International presents a collection of critical reviews and original research articles on osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), covering essential aspects of the condition, including its nosology, genetics, and clinical presentation. The contributions also discuss treatment strategies for both children an...
Allophone children who attended preschool services show improved cognitive development, social emotional skills, and communication abilities compared to those who did not. Preschool education is a key factor in bridging the language gap for these children.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that using antibiotics alone to treat children with uncomplicated appendicitis is a cost-effective and safe alternative to surgery. This approach resulted in lower costs and similar quality-of-life scores compared to upfront surgery.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using annatto colorant was effective in treating halitosis in mouth-breathing children. The researchers used a LED light source to target the annatto, which generated reactive oxygen species that killed bacteria on the tongue, leading to improved oral health.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia researchers discovered a gene signature that identifies patients with T-ALL at high risk of relapse. The study found a potential therapeutic treatment, venetoclax, which targets specific cells associated with poor outcomes.
A new XR simulator has been introduced to equip nursing students with skills needed in caring for children requiring mechanical ventilation and tracheal suctioning. The simulator, Simmar+ESTE-SIM, combines physical equipment with computer programs to provide comprehensive training.
The Greenlight Plus trial found that technological interventions and policies can help prevent childhood obesity at an early age. The study suggests that targeted prevention efforts can reduce the risk of obesity in children, setting a promising foundation for future prevention strategies.
Adolescents who snore frequently exhibit behavior problems like inattention and rule-breaking, but not cognitive decline. The study tracked nearly 12,000 children from age 9-10 to age 15, finding no correlation between snoring and reduced cognitive abilities.
A cohort study found that a prenatal diet aligned with US Dietary Guidelines was linked to slower infant growth rates and lower obesity risk. The study suggests that improving prenatal nutrition may also benefit children's growth trajectory in the long term.
A new North American population-based study found preterm birth associated with higher mortality risks throughout life, especially during infancy and early childhood. Researchers identified a range of causes contributing to the increased mortality risk after preterm birth.
The Heart Institute is celebrated for delivering unparalleled treatment and support to children with heart conditions. It has consistently provided high-quality cardiac care and specialized disease management for all forms of cardiomyopathy.
A brain-based condition causing vision problems in children has been defined by a NIH-led team. The five elements of cerebral (or cortical) visual impairment (CVI) include difficulty visually searching for objects or understanding complex motion.
A new study by Nemours Children's Health researcher finds that caregivers of prenatally exposed infants are twice as likely to be impaired at the time of death. Targeted efforts to prevent SUID in these infants are needed, with clear messages delivered to parents and caregivers emphasizing safe sleep practices and substance use prevent...
Researchers propose a new working definition for CVI, a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in children. The definition is based on five key elements and includes early detection, neuroplasticity, and functional deficits.
The EMA's orphan designation for G2B-002 marks a significant milestone in the fight against pediatric brain tumors. The innovative product leverages Gate2Brain's proprietary technology to enhance drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier, promising enhanced effectiveness and safety for complex cancer treatments.
Dr. Beth Tarini receives the award for her clinical and research interests in genetic testing in pediatric care, including delivery of care following positive newborn screenings. She is a nationally recognized leader and scholar who supports growing child health research workforce.
Researchers have identified three distinct subtypes of Chiari type-1 malformations with distinct characteristics, enabling physicians to develop treatment protocols for patients. The study used artificial intelligence to analyze data from over 1,200 patients and identified patterns that can inform medical decision making.
Dana Bledsoe joins Ochsner Children's as CEO, bringing extensive leadership experience and a commitment to nurturing children's dreams. With her unique approach to creative problem-solving and advocacy for team development, she aims to build a compassionate and innovative environment.
Global experts and medical professionals gathered in Tashkent to address rare diseases, enhancing patient care. The forum highlighted key findings on diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic disorders in Uzbekistan.
The 2024 Guidelines for First Aid provide critical updates on recognizing and responding to mild, moderate, and life-threatening emergencies. The guidelines offer enhanced guidance on managing opioid overdoses, bleeding, and other conditions, as well as improved recommendations for emergency care involving children.
A new study found that standardized autism screening during pediatric well-child visits identifies more children with high autism likelihood at a younger age. The study used the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) and compared it to usual care.
Researchers discovered artemisinin partial resistance in Ugandan children with complicated malaria linked to the Pfkelch13 A675V genetic variation. This finding also highlights concerns over suboptimal treatment efficacy of parenteral artesunate followed by oral artemether/lumefantrine therapy.
New research shows that routine symptom screening using a validated tool (SSPedi) can reduce symptom burden and support implementing care pathways for improved symptom management. This study found a clinically meaningful decrease in total symptom score, with 12 of 15 symptoms measured showing significant improvement.
A unique COVID-19 and flu vaccine clinic at the UC Davis MIND Institute has shown remarkable success in increasing vaccination rates among individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. The clinic's innovative approach, which incorporates community partners and tailored care plans, has resulted in a 99.3% success rate over two years.
The updated guidance reaffirms the importance of CPR with breaths for resuscitating individuals who have drowned. It also highlights the need for prevention, recognition, and safe rescue to improve chances of survival. The recommendations are based on evidence-based practices to restore breathing and blood circulation.
The American Pediatric Society has welcomed 98 new members for 2025, including outstanding advocates, scholars, educators, and clinicians. These individuals have distinguished themselves as child health leaders and are making a significant impact on the lives of children throughout North America and the world.
Children with asthma show lower scores on episodic memory tasks compared to their peers without the condition. Earlier onset and longer duration of asthma also contribute to slower memory development over time.
A cohort study found asthma to be associated with memory difficulties in children, which may impact executive function abilities. Earlier asthma onset is likely to exacerbate these effects.
This study reveals prevalent adverse childhood experiences among children, including abuse and neglect, with notable disparities across demographics. Early identification and community interventions can reduce ACEs and mitigate future health consequences.
A recent study found that over a quarter of new mothers have fallen asleep while feeding their babies, increasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Researchers are urging care providers to inform new moms about the potential risks and provide guidance on safe feeding practices.
A longitudinal cohort study found no significant associations between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and child neurodevelopment outcomes in the first two years of life. Follow-up research is needed to determine if these effects persist into later childhood.
A new study published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health found that children living in areas with a high burden of tuberculosis have a consistently high annual risk of developing TB infection throughout childhood. By age 10, over 10% of children developed TB disease.
The American Pediatric Society recognizes Dr. Maria Trent's outstanding contributions to advancing child and adolescent health, well-being, and equity through quality improvement, advocacy, practice, or research. Her work has forged many collaborations on various facets of adolescent sexual health across multiple disciplines.
A digital health behavior intervention improved child weight-for-length trajectory and reduced childhood obesity at 24 months. The intervention was effective in a racially and ethnically diverse population, including groups at elevated risk for childhood obesity.
A new study found that improving pediatric emergency care readiness can prevent up to 2,143 child deaths annually with modest financial investment. The research suggests an annual cost of $3 per child can save approximately 30 lives in Oregon.
A study reveals that infant gut microbiota succession is predictable and malleable, allowing for the shaping of gut health through birth mode and feeding practices. This research has significant implications for reducing childhood allergic diseases, overweight, and respiratory infections.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology calls on battery manufacturers to produce safe button or coin cell batteries to mitigate life-threatening risks. Swallowing a battery can cause severe burns, perforations, and damage to the esophagus, trachea, or major vasculature.