Articles tagged with Adjuvants
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A population-based study found that patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who experienced hot flashes while on adjuvant hormone therapy had worse outcomes and a higher risk of early treatment discontinuation. The study suggests that managing side effects may not be enough to prevent treatment discontinuation, highlight...
Researchers found that left-handed chiral gold nanoparticles increased the immune response in human cells even without an antigen, leading to a 25.8% increase in vaccine efficacy. The discovery uses chirality to enhance immune responses, potentially applicable to various vaccines.
Researchers found that adjuvant radiation therapy compared to early salvage therapy reduced mortality risk in men with pN1 prostate cancer. The study, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, showed a 8% decrease in mortality for each additional positive pelvic lymph node found at surgery.
A University of Oklahoma chemist is engineering a sustainable method for producing valuable compounds found in nature, such as cannabinoids and squalenes, using enzymes and E. coli. This approach avoids the environmental and economic challenges associated with traditional plant-based methods.
Researchers have designed a new nanoparticle adjuvant that significantly improves antibody production following vaccination against HIV, diphtheria, and influenza. The adjuvant speeds up lymph flow to lymph nodes, helps antigens reach B cells before breaking down, and activates inflammatory cytokines for a stronger response.
A new particulate saponin/TLR agonist vaccine adjuvant has been shown to alter lymph flow and modulate adaptive immunity. This study demonstrates the potential of this ingredient as a more effective vaccine booster.
Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology and MIT have discovered a new adjuvant called SMNP, which combines saponin and TLR agonist to boost the protective power of vaccines. The study found that SMNP triggers a strong immune response in mice, promoting lymphatic drainage and activating multiple parts of the immune system.
A new vaccine combines the part of the 'spike' protein with a combination adjuvant, inducing full protection in aged mice and potentially equivalent to current mRNA vaccines. The formulation is relatively easy to manufacture and may not require extreme cold storage, enabling its use in more settings.
Researchers discovered a nanomaterial that boosts antibody production while minimizing inflammation, opening up new possibilities for vaccine development. The 'micelle' scaffolds can be used to generate laboratory-scale quantities of therapeutic antibodies against real-world pathogens.
Researchers have identified the potential of 7HP349 as an oral medication to strengthen the effectiveness of vaccines, particularly for populations that struggle with immunosuppression. The study suggests adding 7HP349 to standard vaccination can improve vaccine efficacy without reformulating the vaccine.
A new protein-based vaccine candidate combined with a potent adjuvant has shown effective protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal studies. The combination improved antibody and T cell responses, reducing viral load and inflammation.
A novel adjuvant developed with NIH funding has contributed to the success of COVAXIN, a highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccine. The adjuvant, Alhydroxiquim-II, has been shown to activate key immune receptors and stimulate an effective response against the virus.
A phase 3 clinical trial of adjuvant immunotherapy found that pembrolizumab prolonged disease-free survival rates in patients with kidney cancer at high risk of relapse. The estimated disease-free survival was 77.3% with pembrolizumab and 68.1% with placebo, translating to a 32% decrease in the risk of recurrence or death.
A personalized anti-cancer vaccine using peptides and oncolytic viruses has shown efficacy in mice, with the ability to target specific mutations in cancer cells. The approach differs from existing clinical trials, which do not use oncolytic viruses as adjuvants.
Researchers are developing an opioid vaccine that targets fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, to reduce respiratory depression. The vaccine stimulates the body to create powerful antibodies that bind to opioid molecules, preventing them from reaching the brain and reducing overdose risk.
A Phase 1 trial evaluating Army-developed ALF adjuvants in HIV-1 vaccine regimens aims to improve immune responses. The study will compare different adjuvants and inform a promising vaccine strategy for stronger, more durable immune responses.
Researchers developed a novel immunotherapy approach using CpG adjuvant to boost immune tolerance to the major cat allergen Fel d 1. The treatment reversed allergy hallmarks and reduced inflammation in allergic mice, offering new hope for treating cat allergy.
Extended follow-up data from the monarchE trial shows that abemaciclib continues to improve IDFS among high-risk, node-positive, early-stage, HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients. The addition of abemaciclib to standard adjuvant endocrine therapy reduces the risk of invasive disease by 25 percent.
Researchers have discovered a general property for understanding how immune cell receptors sense and respond to microbial signals. The result led to a more effective cancer immunotherapy in mice, which could lead to more effective vaccines for existing and novel viruses.
A systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer may be spared radiotherapy following surgery. The authors recommend closely following patients after surgery and offering radiotherapy only if the cancer recurs. This approach may spare many men from radiotherapy's associate...
Researchers at the University of Chicago have discovered a new way to limit inflammation from adjuvants by adding a molecule that disrupts certain pathways in cells. This approach increases protective response against viruses and could lead to a new vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and other diseases.
A study by Emory Vaccine Center found that adjuvants can strengthen both rookie and veteran elements of the immune response to a vaccine containing H5N1. This has significant implications for developing universal flu vaccines against multiple strains, as well as optimizing responses against SARS-CoV-2.
A new adjuvant, 3M-052, has been shown to induce long-lasting immunity against HIV in a pre-clinical study involving 90 rhesus monkeys. The adjuvant successfully generated vaccine-specific, long-lived bone marrow plasma cells that maintained high numbers for over one year after vaccination.
A research team found that consuming cholera toxin B stimulates health-protective immune responses that counteract age-associated obesity. The study used animal models and found that the toxin helped restore immune homeostasis and reduce inflammation, leading to leaner physiques and improved health outcomes.
Scientists found that azoximer bromide increases the immunogenicity of anti-flu vaccines by tripling their efficiency. The study showed that this adjuvant helps the development of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
OHSU researchers have been awarded $2.1 million to develop new adjuvants that can enhance immune responses against infectious diseases. The goal is to create a range of adjuvants that can be used with different vaccines to protect against various pathogens.
A liquid biopsy test can predict which patients with colorectal cancer are likely to relapse after surgery, and guide treatment. The test identified patients who were more or less likely to remain disease-free two years after chemotherapy.
Researchers at Aarhus University have successfully developed a new method for analyzing urine samples, making it cheaper and more accurate. The approach uses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with a contrast agent to identify and quantify small molecule compounds in urine.
A Phase 1 clinical trial enrolls healthy adults to evaluate the safety and immune response of two licensed influenza vaccines administered with novel adjuvants. The trial aims to improve seasonal flu vaccine effectiveness, which varies from year to year.
Recent studies reveal that pesticide adjuvants, commonly added to plant protection products, can be toxic to honey bees. Adjuvants increase mortality rates, reduce colony size, and impair brooding when co-applied with neonicotinoids, highlighting the need for environmental safety assessments.
The study found that adjuvant radiotherapy improved disease-free period for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, with 82% of patients in the treatment group remaining disease-free. However, the treatment did not significantly impact survival rates.
A unique adjuvant has been identified that can prevent vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease in RSV. The study found that combining this adjuvant with RSV vaccination primes the body for protective immune responses and prevents inflammatory RSV disease after infection.
The updated guideline recommends adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with adverse pathologic findings, such as seminal vesicle invasion and positive surgical margins. Hormonal therapy is also recommended for patients who receive salvage radiotherapy, based on evidence from randomized controlled trials.
A retrospective study found that patients with triple-negative breast cancer who delayed starting adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher risk of disease recurrence and death. The study suggests that initiating chemotherapy within 30 days after surgery is crucial for improving disease-free and overall survival rates.
A nine-week course of adjuvant trastuzumab was associated with similar disease-free survival and lower risk of cardiac toxicity compared to a one-year course in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer. A six-month course of trastuzumab was also shown to be cost-effective, with an average cost saving of nearly £10,000 per patient.
Researchers developed an adjuvanted intradermal flu vaccine that protected ferrets and humans against lethal pandemic flu strains. The vaccine, which can be self-administered via a microneedle, shows promise for rapid production and distribution during pandemics.
Scientists have discovered a class of 'danger signals' that trigger an efficient immune response in newborns, potentially reducing vaccine administration age and booster injections. This breakthrough aims to improve pediatric vaccine efficacy and protect more infants and young children from infections.
Haipeng Liu, assistant professor of chemical engineering at Wayne State University, received a $539,422 NSF CAREER grant to develop molecular adjuvants that can enhance the effectiveness of cancer vaccines and overcome tumor-related immune suppression. His research aims to bridge the gap between synthetic chemistry and immunology.
A comprehensive review of gaps in risk assessments for adjuvants in commercial pesticides highlights the need for new regulations to protect people and the environment. The review found that exposure to environmental levels of some adjuvant mixtures can affect non-target organisms and even cause chronic human disease.
A large survey of breast cancer patients found that nearly one-third went against their doctor's advice and chose not to complete recommended adjuvant anti-cancer therapy. Patients with higher distrust in the healthcare system were more likely to report noncompliance, highlighting the need for strategies beyond boosting physician trust.
The CheckMate 238 trial demonstrated that adjuvant nivolumab is superior to standard of care ipilimumab in patients with high-risk stage III/IV melanoma, resulting in improved relapse-free survival and reduced side effects. Nivolumab's benefits were observed across various patient subgroups.
The COMBI-AD trial found that combination dabrafenib and trametinib therapy doubled relapse-free survival in stage III BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. The treatment was also shown to improve overall survival, distant metastases-free survival, and freedom from relapse.
A recent ESMO 2017 Congress session has ignited debate on the optimal duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer, with experts weighing in on the pros and cons of shortening treatment from six to three months. The IDEA study suggests that three months provides a similar benefit but with reduced side effects.
A phase III clinical trial suggests that adding pertuzumab to standard trastuzumab treatment after surgery may help reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer by 19% in patients with HER2-positive disease. The benefit is most pronounced in women with node-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer.
Researchers found UM-Palmitoylethanolamide to slow down Parkinson's disease progression and disability, improving non-motor and motor aspects of daily living. The study used ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide as an add-on therapy in advanced PD patients, with significant reductions in symptoms.
A new flu vaccine with reduced doses could improve production capacities and increase vaccine availability. The use of whole virion vaccines and aluminium adjuvants may enable significant dose sparing without compromising safety.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital report achieving strong vaccine responses in newborn animals and monkeys using a new adjuvant formulation. The study demonstrates the potential for a single-dose vaccine to protect against life-threatening infections, promising to reduce infant mortality globally.
Researchers discovered that biophysical cues of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) influence the immune system's response to pathogens. The findings suggest that understanding these cues can help fine-tune vaccine responses and generate potent immune reactions.
A widely used crop chemical, Sylgard 309, increases the susceptibility of honey bee larvae to a deadly virus, Black Queen Cell Virus. This finding suggests that exposure to organosilicone adjuvants negatively influences immunity in honey bee larvae, resulting in enhanced pathogenicity and mortality.
Researchers found that tailored dose-dense chemotherapy did not improve 5-year breast cancer recurrence-free survival, overall survival, or distant disease-free survival compared to standard chemotherapy. However, the tailored group experienced more nonhematologic toxic effects.
A phase III trial has met its primary endpoint, demonstrating improved disease-free survival with sunitinib in high-risk renal cell carcinoma patients after nephrectomy. The treatment showed a significantly longer disease-free survival of 6.8 years compared to 5.6 years with placebo.
A phase III trial found ipilimumab as adjuvant therapy significantly improved overall survival in patients with high-risk stage III melanoma, reducing relative risk of death by 28% at 5.3 years median follow-up.
A study published in Annals of Oncology found that breast cancer patients on hormone therapies experienced more side-effects if they had high expectations of suffering. The researchers suggest that counseling could lower the risk and improve adherence to medication.
Researchers found that flu vaccines with adjuvants do not work as well in obese mice, highlighting the urgent need to understand vaccine response in obese humans. Obesity leaves individuals at increased risk for flu-related complications, including hospitalization and death.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology has updated its treatment standard for rectal cancer, recommending a more customized approach that may reduce treatment side effects. The new guideline suggests alternatives to the traditional tri-modal approach, including short-course radiation therapy and non-operative management.
Researchers at Jackson Laboratory aim to develop clinical adjuvants that boost vaccine effectiveness in vulnerable populations, with a focus on elderly and immunosuppressed patients. The $3.4 million grant will support the screening of new adjuvant combinations and investigation into their mechanisms of action.
A large cohort of 29,908 patients with pathologic stage T2N0M0 NSCLC showed improved median overall survival and 5-year OS when receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. The study demonstrated a benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected stage T2N0M0 NSCLC regardless of tumor size.
The NIH has awarded six grants to study the molecular mechanisms behind combination vaccine adjuvants, which improve vaccine effectiveness and could lead to new treatments for diseases like HIV and tuberculosis. Researchers will explore how individual adjuvants work in combination and how synergies between them can be optimized.
Researchers found that dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival after ten years by nearly a third compared to standard interval regimens. Dose-dense chemotherapy was not associated with an increased risk of treatment-induced amenorrhea, and it seemed effective irrespective of hormone receptor status.
Researchers found a promising adjuvant, chitosan, induces immune response through a DNA-sensing pathway in cells. This discovery provides a roadmap for developing vaccines that trigger 'cell-mediated immunity',