Articles tagged with T Cell Receptors
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A researcher at MUSC's Hollings Cancer Center is developing 'living drugs' by precision-engineering CAR Tregs to treat autoimmune diseases. The CAR Tregs can delay or reduce damaging inflammation, offering a potential solution for conditions like Type 1 diabetes.
Researchers developed an AI technique, pMTnet, to predict which cell surface peptides are recognized by the immune system. The algorithm shows high accuracy in identifying binding or nonbinding combinations of neoantigens and T cell receptors.
A new approach has identified T cells in Covid-19 patients, revealing their appearance, number, and activity level against SARS-CoV-2. The study distinguishes between active and dormant T cells, enabling a better understanding of the immune response to the virus.
Researchers from Monash University have made a fundamental advance in understanding how T cells become activated when encountering pathogens. The study found that T cells need to recognize pathogens in a particular orientation to receive a strong activating signal, revealing a critical mechanism for effective T cell immunity.
Researchers are exploring the potential of individual immunomes to provide unprecedented insight into health. By analyzing antibodies and T-cell receptors, scientists can identify patterns and develop a near-universal blood test. This could lead to targeted therapies for various conditions, revolutionizing personalized medicine.
Researchers have developed DeepTCR, a software package that employs deep-learning algorithms to analyze T-cell receptor sequencing data. The software can identify patterns in the receptors that confer the function of the T cell to recognize and kill pathological cells.
Researchers developed a new method to study molecular characteristics of T cells, enabling easier analysis of T cell receptors. Using this approach, they discovered that the variety of TCRs in T cells has a weaker influence on functional status in cancer patients.
A study of over 600 patients with colorectal cancer found that higher levels of T cells and greater diversity of T cell receptors are associated with better outcomes. The new biomarker, called TCR immuno-sequencing, measures the amount of infiltrated T lymphocytes and their clonality.
Researchers from Texas A&M University have made significant discoveries on how the immune system detects hidden intruders. The study found that T-cells increase their detection power mechanically, using a 'catch bond' between T-cell receptors and MHC molecules when force is applied.
Researchers at UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center identified a phenomenon where some patients' T cells lose expression of transgenic TCR over time, potentially due to DNA methylation. This study aims to inform the design of future cellular immunotherapies and improve treatment outcomes for advanced cancer patients.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have identified a previously undiscovered domain of the T-cell receptor called RK motif. This discovery enables more precise control over T cells, potentially improving therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers utilized a computational method to analyze the CDR3 regions of T-cell receptors from high-grade serous ovarian cancers. The study found that patients with low T-cell infiltration but diverse or focused repertoires had clinical outcomes similar to highly-infiltrated tumors. The authors identified the degree of divergence bet...
A new study suggests that challenges simulating clouds are causing some climate models to be more sensitive to carbon dioxide, potentially leading to a warmer future. The updated models have shown a greater range of responses than previous generations, with some models showing higher sensitivity and others lower.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are refining their design of a 3D-printed nuclear reactor core and developing methods to confirm the consistency and reliability of its printed components. The Transformational Challenge Reactor Demonstration Program aims to turn on the first-of-its-kind reactor by 2023.
Researchers at Cardiff University have discovered a new type of killer T-cell with a unique T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognizes and kills most human cancer cells while ignoring healthy cells. This breakthrough has the potential to create a 'one-size-fits-all' cancer therapy, targeting a wide range of cancers in all patients.
A technique identified T cells that react to peanut allergens by analyzing their RNA expression. The study could help guide researchers in developing new treatments for food allergies.
A new study reveals the narrow escape problem, a classic math puzzle, plays a key role in determining immune responses. The unique shape of T cells creates a close-contact zone for triggering molecules, and the size of this zone depends on the surface protrusions, keeping the process sensitive to invaders.
Researchers engineered T cell receptors that can specifically stick to cells infected with cytomegalovirus, offering a new potential treatment option. These receptors could aid in developing CMV vaccines and target brain tumors.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München have developed an analytic method that can precisely detect viral infections using immune responses. This method could help identify gaps in protection early on and make transplants safer in the future.
Researchers at University of Notre Dame discover that T-cell receptors can be more cross-reactive than previously thought, increasing the challenge of developing effective immunotherapies. This finding highlights the need to reassess predictions for building models for therapy and recognizing targets.
Researchers created a biomimetic surface that simulates antigen-presenting cell features and found that precise ligand spacing is crucial for T-cell triggering. The study sheds light on the role of CD45 exclusion in receptor activation, offering new insights into T-cell stimulation.
Researchers at TU Wien and Medical University of Vienna have discovered that T cell antigen receptors operate alone, contrary to previous assumptions. This groundbreaking finding has significant implications for understanding immune responses and developing effective therapies against cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Scientists have identified a common target shared by the T-cell receptors of two patients with colorectal cancer, paving the way for personalized immunotherapies. The breakthrough could lead to the development of broadly effective treatments that harness the immune system to fight cancer.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital and Monash University uncover the basis for T cell receptor autoreactivity to self-phospholipids, with implications for psoriasis, contact hypersensitivities, and allergies. The study highlights the physical structures that enable lipid recognition by T cells.
Researchers developed moving subtrajectory analysis to study TCR microclusters, revealing kinetic and spatial details of CD3 and CD45 behavior. The study shows that the two molecules exhibit distinct mobility states, depending on their location relative to the microcluster, providing new insights into T cell activation mechanisms.
A team at TUM found that the number and type of cells produced from a single naive T cell vary widely, contradicting the prevailing hypothesis. Mathematical models may help improve vaccination strategies by understanding the probabilities involved in T cell development.
Researchers found that identical twins share more T-cell clone receptors than expected due to potential exchange of T cells through cord blood before birth. This phenomenon suggests that some immune system cell clones created before birth can persist for about 40 years, shedding light on the diversity of T cell receptors in adults.
Researchers developed an algorithm that functions like a Rosetta Stone to decipher how the immune system recognizes and binds antigens. The algorithm correctly assigned 81% of human T cells to one of 10 different viral epitopes, showcasing its potential in personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Researchers at Salk Institute have discovered that T cell receptors amplify 'invader' signals by producing and releasing ZAP70 protein, enabling rapid signal transmission throughout the cell. This finding could lead to the development of more effective treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Researchers develop domain-swapped T cell receptors that increase the safety of TCR gene therapy by preventing mispairing between introduced and resident chains. These new receptors retain functional domains and prevent autoimmune disease in mice and human cells, offering a promising tool for cancer treatment.
Researchers found that culturing T cells in N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) before infusion improved effectiveness and outcomes in a preclinical model of melanoma. Nearly 40% of NAC-cultured T cells were detectable in tumors after transfer, compared to approximately 1.2% of standard-culture T cells.
Researchers at University of Notre Dame develop new T cell receptor technology to enhance immune system's ability to target specific cancer antigens. The engineered receptors allow for a more directed and accurate immune response against cancer cells.
Researchers developed a novel technique called iTAST to measure T-cell affinity, finding a correlation between aging and reduced effectiveness in fighting hepatitis C virus. This breakthrough could expedite scientific discoveries and improve immunotherapy and vaccine development.
Researchers from the University Freiburg have developed a new model of T cell activation, demonstrating that cholesterol prevents an immune response even when no antigen is present. The study reveals a specific interaction between cholesterol and inactive T cell receptors, regulating their conformation and activity.
Researchers developed DNA-based tension sensors to study T cell interactions. They found that T cells use precise mechanical tugs to test whether a cell is a friend or foe, with stronger tugs indicating a foreign invader. This discovery could aid in the development of immune therapies for cancer and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Researchers developed a new technique called TraCeR that determines both the sequence of T-cell receptors in individual cells and each cell's gene expression profile. This allows for the study of how different populations of T cells respond to disease, enabling the exploration of immune responses in various conditions.
Researchers develop gene therapy using T cells to target cancer mutations, reducing side effects. The approach involves transferring tumor-specific T cell receptors into fresh T cells, enabling them to fight tumors.
A new NASA study finds that accurately accounting for climate drivers like aerosols and land use changes is crucial for predicting future global temperatures. The research calculated the temperature impact of each variable based on historical observations, revealing their complexity and correcting earlier underestimations.
T cells' activation relies on a dynamic protein network at the cell surface, with proteins coming and going in rapid intervals. Understanding this process could help boost the immune response against diseases like cancer or infections.
Scientists discovered that Tregs need continuous contact with their environment to function correctly and require the T cell receptor for protection. The study showed that Tregs without the receptor lose their special ability to suppress excessive immune reactions.
Researchers discovered that mechanical forces play a crucial role in T-cell recognition and signaling. The study found that the magnitude, duration, frequency, and timing of force application determine the outcome of an interaction between an antigen and a TCR. This new understanding adds another dimension to interactions with T-cells.
A study found fractal patterns in T cell receptor families of stem cell transplant donors and recipients, which may help predict transplant complications. The researchers hope this information will aid in understanding immune system recovery after transplantation.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified a 'rheostat' mechanism in T cell receptors that regulates the immune response, enabling cells to scale their response according to the threat. This finding offers insights into advancing understanding and treatment of problems like autoimmune disorders and cancer.
Researchers developed a new method to identify antigens that induce autoimmune reactions by generating cells emitting green fluorescent light when stimulated. The technique uses genetic engineering techniques and is highly sensitive, allowing for the analysis of millions of antigens in hours.
Researchers at National Jewish Health found that T-cell receptors from mice continue to function with shark, frog, and trout receptor pieces substituted in. This interaction between the T cell and MHC molecules is crucial for immune defense and organ transplants.
Researchers have cataloged T-cell receptor diversity in blood samples from healthy individuals, identifying over 1 million unique sequences. The study provides insights into the limitations and variability of immune system repertoires.
T cell receptors first bind with antigen on pathogen-invaded cell, triggering signaling process that amplifies effect. Co-receptor plays key role in discrimination process, contributing to stronger binding when combined with T cell receptor.
Researchers at Monash University have discovered a protein called pre-T alpha that guides the correct expression of T cell receptors, enabling the immune system to effectively destroy harmful viruses and bacteria. The finding has significant implications for understanding immune development and potential treatments for childhood leukemia.
A recent study by scientists at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center found that any two people share tens of thousands of identical T-cell receptors, challenging previous dogma. This discovery has significant implications for diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases and cancer, as it suggests a common immune response to disease.
Scientists have created a mouse with highly effective human immune system components, enabling it to specifically target and destroy cancer cells. This breakthrough could lead to new immunotherapy approaches for cancer treatment.
A new study challenges existing knowledge about the kinetics of T cell receptors, finding that interactions with potent antigens are short-lived and occur rapidly. The research uses two techniques to analyze receptor-antigen interactions on cell surfaces, revealing a broader dynamic range than previous studies.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute discovered that T cell receptors are mechanosensors that rely on sheer mechanical force to shift between scanning and fighting modes. This fundamental understanding may lead to the development of precisely targeted therapies for cancers and infections, eliminating harsh side effects.
A clinical trial at Scottsdale Healthcare-TGen demonstrated tumor shrinkage and limited side effects in patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma. The therapy, which targets the Hedgehog signaling pathway, offers new hope for this aggressive form of skin cancer.
Researchers have engineered T cells that can recognize HIV-1 strains that evade the immune system, a breakthrough with implications for treating patients with chronic infection. The engineered T cells respond vigorously to HIV, allowing fewer cells to control infection.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered T cells use molecular controls to modulate development and avoid autoimmunity. Subtle defects in these controls may explain the delayed onset of autoimmune diseases.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine genetically engineered immune cells to target and kill HIV-infected cells. This approach, using genes from elite controllers' immune systems, could lead to a new strategy for combating AIDS. The study shows promise in both test tubes and animal models.
COX-2 inhibitors increase myocardial infarction and stroke risk due to suppression of prostacyclin and PGE2. Inhibiting microsomal PGE synthase-1 may offer anti-inflammatory effects without cardiovascular consequences, suggesting a potential alternative therapeutic option.
Scientists have discovered the roles of two proteins in recognizing blockages in transcription and initiating efficient repair. Their results suggest a previously unsuspected mechanism for the repair process, shedding light on Cockayne Syndrome, a fatal form of accelerated aging.
Researchers describe the interaction between T-cell receptors and coreceptors during an immune response. They found that T-cell receptors and CD8 coreceptors are brought together during antigen sensing, increasing their interaction with endogenous non-stimulatory peptides.
Weakened T-cell receptor signals shift T-cell lineage towards the gamma-delta pathway, enabling immune surveillance against external disease-causing agents. Gamma-delta T cells appear particularly adept at combating skin cancers and may play a role in detecting potential cancers.