Articles tagged with Toxicity
Google's Perspective AI system can be bypassed by manipulating language, resulting in false low toxicity scores for abusive phrases. Researchers suggest techniques to improve robustness, including spellchecking and training with adversarial examples.
Researchers found that rapamycin treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokine release and toxicity without decreasing HIV-1 reactivation in T cells. The treatment did not impair the immune system's ability to recognize infected T cells, making it a potential strategy for targeting latent HIV-1 reservoirs.
An international expert workshop has outlined a strategy for reducing and replacing animal use in acute systemic toxicity testing. The report, published in Toxicology In Vitro, presents recommendations including gathering high-quality reference data and global harmonization.
A new study analysing toxic components of various wheat varieties reveals that even ancient types can be toxic through specific epitopes. The research identifies potential breeding techniques to develop non-toxic wheat-based products suitable for coeliac patients, aiming to improve their quality of life.
The synthesized compounds showed potent anticonvulsant activity in the MES test, with Schiff bases of benzothiazol-2-ylamine being more effective than thiazolo[5,4-b] pyridin-2-ylamine. The log P values revealed a positive correlation with activity, with the most potent compound being benzothiazol-2-yl-(1H-indol-2-ylmethylene)-amine.
New research reveals that co-exposure to oil and UV radiation from sunlight significantly reduces survival rates of fish larvae in the Gulf of Mexico. Oil pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are toxic when combined with sunlight, posing a deadly threat to marine life.
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown efficacy and acceptable toxicity, surpassing radionuclide conjugates in certain tumor types. Targeting cancer stem cells may further improve treatment outcomes.
A man developed acute hepatitis from consuming energy drinks, while another patient suffered serious heart complications after multiple bee stings. A third patient, an opium smoker, was diagnosed with lead poisoning due to contaminated tobacco products.
Herbal and dietary supplements are linked to liver injury in the US, affecting 20% of cases. The study identifies performance-enhancing products as major contributors to this toxic effect.
A Duke University study found that roadside garbage fires in India produce a toxic rainbow of pollutants, with concentrations 1,000 times greater than ambient air. The variability in emissions stems from the diverse trash materials and smoldering combustion, highlighting the need for improved waste management practices.
Researchers analyzed 300 published works on silver nanoparticles and wastewater treatment, finding no adverse effects at current concentrations. The team suggests that moderate or high concentrations could pose a problem in decades to come.
A phase III trial found ipilimumab as adjuvant therapy significantly improved overall survival in patients with high-risk stage III melanoma, reducing relative risk of death by 28% at 5.3 years median follow-up.
A new survey tool, COST, measures a patient's risk for financial stress and ability to tolerate it. The study identified employment status, household income, and psychological distress as key factors contributing to financial toxicity.
A phase I/II trial of dabrafenib found a high response rate in pediatric brain tumors with the BRAF V600 mutation, suggesting potential for targeted therapy. The drug showed significant improvement in tumor shrinkage and overall patient survival.
A study found that over 90% of targeted therapy and immunotherapy trials scored poorly on reporting recurrent and late toxicities. Limitations were also seen in presenting adverse events and assessing follow-up intervals.
A study by NRG Oncology found that stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is safe and effective for medically inoperable patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly when using higher dose levels. The trial demonstrated comparable local control and outcomes data to SBRT results in peripherally located early stage ...
A study led by Duke University researchers found that blocking the production of a key receptor can reduce the toxicity of cigarette smoke on zebrafish embryos. The receptors were found to play a role in early embryonic development, particularly the formation of bone, heart and muscle tissues.
The study found that silver nanoparticles' protein corona reduces their toxicity by forming silver sulfide nanocrystals, which are non-toxic. In the absence of a soft corona, Ag2S crystals form, precipitating toxic silver ions.
A review article aims to broaden radiologists' understanding of imaging-evident toxicity in the era of precision oncology. Toxicity can amplify with drug combinations, but acceptable levels may serve as a biomarker of treatment response. Radiologists must grasp the nuances of toxicity to contribute to optimized cancer care.
A UC Riverside-led study found that weathered oil affects developing heart, eye, and neurological function in Mahi embryos and larvae. The researchers used novel bioinformatic methods to identify gene signatures and predict biochemical targets where the oil causes harm.
Researchers from Wake Forest University have discovered that tiger moths produce ultrasonic signals to deter bats, showing that this behavior occurs in nature and is used as a warning system. The study highlights the evolution of animal behavior in the bat vs. moth arms race.
A team at the University of New South Wales has achieved the world's highest efficiency rating for a full-sized thin-film solar cell using CZTS technology. The innovation uses abundant materials and is non-toxic, making it suitable for widespread use in buildings.
Scientists propose aerosol generation and exposure tools to predict nanomaterial toxicity in human lungs. These non-animal tools use human lung cells grown in a petri dish, reducing the need for animal testing.
Researchers developed a paper-based biosensor to detect water toxicity, measuring color changes caused by bacteria metabolism. The technique is quick, simple, and inexpensive, suitable for use in developing countries or economically restricted areas.
Researchers from MedInsight Research Institute analyze studies detailing gadolinium toxicity mechanisms, contradicting the longstanding belief that patients with normal kidney function are not at risk. The study calls for FDA action to address the gap in scientific knowledge about treatment for gadolinium toxicity.
Researchers developed a new Liver-on-Chip device with glucose and lactate micro-sensors to track metabolic function in real-time, enabling detection of chemical toxicity before cellular damage. The technology has the potential to redefine studies on neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and drug discovery.
Researchers have discovered a critical change in amyloid beta protein shape that explains why smaller bundles are more toxic than larger ones. This understanding may lead to developing drugs to treat diseases like Parkinson's and Type-II diabetes.
Loss of major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) expression in motor neurons leads to vulnerability to ALS astrocyte toxicity. Studies show that increased MHCI expression is protective against astrocyte-induced death, providing a potential translational target for ALS treatment.
Researchers discovered that saposin B binds to the anti-malarial drug chloroquine, potentially leading to toxicity due to prolonged binding instead of removing damaged lipids. This finding opens up new avenues for investigating saposin B's role in other conditions, such as lysosomal storage diseases.
Researchers developed a novel liquid salt formulation of propranolol for transdermal delivery, reducing skin toxicity. The formulation uses counter ions to shield drug charge, increasing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects.
Researchers studying oxygen toxicity among Navy divers have found that exposure to high levels of oxygen can cause cardiovascular and muscular performance to deteriorate between dives. The study aims to identify a treatment for this condition, which could also benefit astronauts and aviators relying on breathing high-oxygen mixtures.
Researchers are exploring the use of ketone esters to treat seizures caused by hyperbaric oxygen toxicity in deep-water divers. Laboratory rats showed improved performance and greater resistance to oxygen toxicity seizures after receiving the dose.
Three large clinical trials provide compelling data on the benefits of starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) early in HIV infection, outweighing theoretical risks. The results also show that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduces HIV transmission among high-risk populations.
Researchers tested 42 pesticides in a realistic field setting, finding that glyphosate and acetamiprid showed little to no toxicity to honey bees. This study suggests these pesticides could be effective alternatives to other, more toxic options.
Researchers developed a single, self-contained medical device that can detect liver toxicity in 30 minutes, reducing current testing times to several days. The lab in a needle approach integrates sample preparation and analysis into one device, enabling doctors and patients to discuss treatment options immediately.
Researchers found high mercury levels in Amazonian reptiles, with liver concentrations above recommended limits for pregnant women and children. The study suggests using reptiles as indicators of environmental mercury concentrations, shedding light on the region's mercury cycling.
A study of 100 multiple myeloma patients found that nearly half tapped into their savings and 17% delayed treatment due to high costs. The rising cost of novel therapeutics has led to financial toxicity, affecting patient wellbeing and potentially contributing to increased mortality.
Researchers found that a 1,102-pound steer can safely consume up to 2.8 pounds of fresh tall larkspur daily without severe poisoning. The study also identified the importance of non-MSAL-type alkaloids in determining toxicity potential.
A new study using bionic liver micro-organs explains the off-target toxicity of acetaminophen, a breakthrough that could transform drug development. The device detected small changes in cellular respiration, revealing a faster and lower-dose mechanism than previously thought.
A crowdsourcing challenge in systems biomedicine has combined predictions from hundreds of scientists to estimate population-level response to toxic compounds. The study provides new methodologies for hazard evaluation and assessment, offering a way to accelerate toxicity testing.
A study of 76 patients with cervical or endometrial cancer found that extended-field IMRT did not increase duodenal toxicity risk, even at high doses. The study confirms the safety of EF-IMRT for treating para-aortic lymph nodes.
Scientists from Scripps Research Institute have established conclusively that an activating protein called Rhes plays a pivotal role in focusing toxicity of Huntington's in the striatum. Deleting Rhes significantly reduces behavioral problems in animal models of the disease.
Research found that ladybird color reveals toxicity to predators, with more conspicuous species being less likely to be attacked. The study used modified cameras and artificial versions of each species to test predation risk, revealing that brighter colors act as warning signals.
A University of Adelaide research team has discovered that cadmium causes toxicity by disrupting the transport of essential metals like manganese and zinc into and out of cells. The study also sheds light on how disease-causing bacteria scavenge metals during infection, paving the way for new strategies to prevent cadmium poisoning.
Researchers found that mice pretreated with low doses of green tea polyphenol EGCG had a 75% reduction in liver toxicity compared to untreated mice. This study suggests that chronic green tea consumers may be less sensitive to potential liver toxicity from supplements containing green tea extract.
A Rice University study uses the lowly roundworm to measure the effects of various nanoparticles on individual organisms and entire populations. The researchers found that five types of nanoparticles showed little to no toxicity, while others were moderately or highly toxic to the worm population.
A new tool assesses radiotherapy-related toxicities in lung cancer patients using patient-reported outcomes, revealing strongest agreement with quality-of-life measures. The study found that clinicians' recorded toxicities underestimated their severity, highlighting the potential for early detection and improved treatment.
Researchers developed a sensitive test to detect antidepressants' toxic effects on mice, revealing Paxil's negative impact on reproductive health. The 'survival-of-the-fittest' test simulates wild conditions to expose hidden dangers in pharmaceuticals.
Indiana University researchers are developing a computational model to predict acetaminophen-induced liver failure, using advanced microscopic and computational technologies. The model aims to reduce the use of animals in toxicity studies while enabling realistic scientific predictions for environmental and human health problems.
Researchers have identified key components in oats that trigger an immune response in some people with coeliac disease, potentially leading to better tests and new treatments.
A phase 2 clinical trial found that adding sargramostim to ipilimumab improved overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. The combination treatment also had lower toxicity compared to ipilimumab alone.
The article presents new consensus guidelines for toxicity testing of oligonucleotide drugs, considering their unique chemical and biological characteristics. The guidelines aim to design scientifically valid and predictive toxicity studies.
Scientists at the University of Manchester have identified a novel process for lowering pollutant toxicity using vitamin B12, offering new hope for combating hazardous substances. The research builds on 15 years of investigation into natural organisms that can detoxify pollutants.
A Virginia Tech study reveals that common household chemicals can decrease reproduction in mice, raising concerns about potential effects on human fertility. The research found that female mice exposed to certain disinfectant ingredients took longer to get pregnant and had fewer offspring.
A Roundtable Discussion explores the application of novel toxicology models to predict adverse health effects and environmental exposures. The discussion covers human cell models, high-throughput screening methods, and three-dimensional tissue culture models.
Researchers from the University of Adelaide have identified specific genes in wheat that enable tolerance to boron toxicity, a significant yield-limiting soil condition. This discovery will help plant breeders develop new varieties with increased yields to feed the growing world population.
A computer simulation analysis found that lowering the toxicity of new HIV drugs can increase patient quality-adjusted life expectancy by up to 11%, or more than 3 years. This reduction in side effects can lead to increased patient survival and improved treatment outcomes.
A NOAA study found that four common mosquito control pesticides pose little risk to juvenile oysters and hard clams, but climate stressors such as hypoxia and acidification increase their toxicity. The research provides valuable data for shellfish mariculture operations and environmental resource agencies.
A study published in PLOS Medicine demonstrates that mice with humanized livers can recapitulate the toxic effects of fialuridine, which caused liver failure in humans. The mouse model shows promise for detecting toxicity before human testing.
A new technique predicts MRSA toxicity from its genome sequence, allowing clinicians to personalize treatment for individual infections. The study identified 125 genetic mutations associated with high or low toxicity, enabling the prediction of severe disease.