Articles tagged with Toxicity
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study examines the toxic impact of bio-based substances and innovative technologies on the environment, finding both biosurfactants and microgels as highly promising candidates for use in sustainable products. The results highlight the importance of integrating green toxicology into bioeconomy strategies.
A recent study found that women have a 34% higher risk of severe toxicity than men in cancer treatment, with higher risks for immunotherapy and targeted therapies. The analysis of over 20,000 patients from more than 200 clinical trials supports the idea that sex may independently modulate drug toxicity.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen found hundreds of chemical substances in tap water stored in reusable plastic bottles, including some potentially harmful to human health. The study revealed that machine washing and dishwasher use can increase the leaching of toxic substances from the plastic.
Researchers found that rural areas have similar levels of oxidative potential as urban areas, challenging the misconception that air pollution is more toxic in urban settings. The study also showed that summertime agricultural activity can produce PM2.5 particles that are just as toxic as those from urban settings.
A new study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an international team finds that triclosan triggers gut inflammation in mice. The researchers identified specific bacteria and enzymes that drive this damage, but also developed a microbiome-targeted inhibitor to block triclosan processing, preventing colitis.
The combination of relatlimab and nivolumab doubled progression-free survival benefit compared to nivolumab alone, with significant benefits across pre-specified subgroups. The treatment was associated with a lower risk of disease progression or death.
Researchers found high levels of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in anti-fogging sprays and cloths sold on Amazon. The products contained fluorotelomer alcohols and fluorotelomer ethoxylates, which are associated with impaired immune function, cancer, and other health disorders. The study highlights the need for more r...
A new post-surgery approach for treating HPV-related throat cancer uses low-dose radiation and spares the majority of patients from chemotherapy. The trial found high survival rates and quality of life in patients at medium risk for recurrence.
Researchers from South Korea have demonstrated that applying an electric field during air stripping can significantly improve ammonia removal efficiency from wastewater. The study found that electric fields with alternating current of 50 MHz and power of 15 V/cm increase efficiency from 51% to 94%, even under sub-optimal conditions.
A multi-center study demonstrated improved overall survival and quality of life for inoperable pancreatic cancer patients treated with MRIdian SMART, with a median survival of 26 months. The treatment showed low rates of major adverse events and was more effective than standard radiation therapy.
Researchers at Ural Federal University developed an ultra-sensitive sensor to analyze honey for nitrobenzene, a toxic compound. The sensor's exceptional accuracy and low sample requirements make it suitable for on-site analysis.
A Rutgers-led study found that banning right-wing extremists from Twitter significantly reduces the spread of anti-social ideas and conspiracy theories. Removing these individuals from social media platforms leads to a nearly 92% decline in tweets referencing them, as well as a 90% decrease in new users tweeting about them.
Researchers found that combining zinc oxide with small-molecule UV filter ingredients reduced UVA protection by 84.3-91.8% compared to non-mineral sunscreens. The study also showed toxic effects on zebra fish embryos when exposed to sunscreen mixtures containing zinc oxide.
A phase II clinical trial has shown that the DNA alkylation drug DM-CHOC-PEN improved survival in adolescent and young adult patients with central nervous system cancers. The treatment was well-tolerated, with no severe toxicities observed, and showed potential for combination with other treatments.
Patients with certain gene mutations are at high risk of fatal chemotherapy toxicity, with a 25-times increased risk detected in those with uncommon DPYD variants. The study suggests that adding pre-treatment screening may help prevent avoidable deaths without interrupting standard care.
Researchers found that certain nanomaterials break down rapidly when exposed to light but decompose slowly in its absence. This discovery highlights the need for better understanding of nanomaterial behavior under environmental conditions.
The researcher is investigating the inflammatory responses produced by exposure to chemical agents, comparing different chemical exposures at both whole-body and tissue levels. The study aims to develop a common treatment for chemical exposures and diagnose the responsible chemicals.
Researchers at UB aim to reduce unwanted toxicity in cancer treatments by combining antibody-drug conjugates with payload-binding selectivity enhancers. The five-year study may lead to safer and more effective treatments for 1.8 million US cancer patients.
Researchers found that tin fluoride additive traps oxidized tin in solution, reducing instability. Fluoride also improves colloid stability, leading to more homogeneous crystal growth.
Researchers created nano-scale borate bioactive glass, which effectively reduces biological toxicity and promotes skin repair. The material accelerates wound healing by slow-releasing essential elements and promoting collagen deposition.
A study found specific gut microbiota signatures correlate with high-grade adverse events and response to combined CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade treatment. The research identified a potential new strategy to treat toxicity while maintaining response through IL-1R inhibition or manipulation of the gut microbiota.
Researchers developed a nano-scale borate bioactive glass (Nano-HCA@BG) with enhanced biological performance, reducing toxicity and improving biocompatibility. The material accelerates wound cell migration and collagen synthesis, promoting faster healing.
A study found that nearly half of patients with gynecologic cancer experience financial toxicity, which can lead to worsening health outcomes. Younger patients are at a higher risk due to limited financial safety nets and ability to work.
Researchers mapped river ecosystems' responses to remediation efforts, revealing strategies that improved some of the biggest problems of mining contamination. The team's methodology showed that restoration can improve water quality, but regulations need to consider all contaminants together.
Researchers have compiled the most complete library yet of lanthanides and their potential toxicity by exposing baker's yeast to lanthanide metals. The study found that lanthanides interrupt cell-signaling pathways, disrupting calcium-binding sites in endocytosis and ESCRT machinery.
A new study finds that correcting online falsehoods on Twitter can lead to an increase in lower-quality, partisan content and toxicity, as users retweet and share false information after being corrected by others.
Researchers link C9ORF72 mutations to neuronal death in familial ALS patients by discovering a toxic mechanism that blocks cellular processes involving DNA and RNA. The newly identified mechanism reveals how arginine-rich proteins displace essential proteins, leading to cell death.
The review explores recent strategies in surface functionalization, their specific biomedical applications, and comparative toxicities with non-functionalized metallic nanoparticles. It discusses the challenges for metallic NPs to undergo human clinical trials due to their aggregation and toxic nature.
A study published in Science reveals that applied pesticide toxicity has increased substantially between 2004 and 2016, threatening plant and insect biodiversity. The findings apply to genetically modified (GM) crops, challenging the claim of decreasing environmental impact.
New study finds toxicity of commonly used pesticides to nontarget species, including aquatic invertebrates and pollinators, has increased considerably. The use of highly toxic pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pesticides is linked to these impacts.
A new system developed by University of Missouri researchers can automatically prioritize pollutants in landfills based on their toxicity and abundance. The system has the potential to help environmental agencies create more specific and efficient plans to combat leachate, which can cause cancer and other serious harm.
A study by The Endocrine Society finds oral testosterone therapy undecanoate (TU) is an effective treatment for men with low testosterone levels, with a safety profile consistent with non-oral products. TU has minimal effects on cholesterol levels and no liver toxicity was reported.
A new review by the University of Surrey highlights the most effective techniques for collecting airborne pathogens, particularly viruses, using cyclone sampling methods. Harvard impactor samplers are also found to be suitable for capturing fine and ultrafine particles for toxicity assessments.
Researchers found that cigarette smoke affects communication between bacteria, causing a negative effect on the formation of biofilm in lungs. Cigarette filters helped lower toxicity levels, highlighting the need for new filter development to reduce harm.
Researchers have discovered that combining copper-silver ionization with lower amounts of chlorine can decrease disinfection byproducts and cell toxicity in chlorinated pool water. This approach may help mitigate respiratory problems, such as asthma, associated with swimming pool exposure.
Researchers found that commercially available 3D-printable resins leach toxic compounds that can induce severe toxicity in mouse oocytes, potentially affecting reproductive health. The study highlights the need to better understand the impact of these materials on human health.
A global analysis of antibiotic combination use reveals that 80% of commonly prescribed combinations are not recommended by the WHO. The study found that these inappropriate combinations can lead to inefficacy, toxicity, and selection for antimicrobial resistance.
Researchers developed a gene biomarker identification technique to predict liver toxicity in just 24 hours, reducing lengthy animal studies. The method uses machine learning approaches to identify key genes in messenger RNA, enabling accelerated testing for agrochemical and pharmaceutical companies.
A study published in Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that financial toxicity among breast cancer patients is independently associated with worse psychological well-being. Even small improvements in financial pressure can lead to better mental well-being and higher patient satisfaction with breast reconstruction.
Researchers created artificial liver organoids from zebrafish cells, allowing for chronic toxicity testing in a shorter time. This alternative method to animal testing may replace traditional zebrafish tests without ethical issues.
A study found that George's Marvellous Medicine contains 34 toxic ingredients, including engine oil and antifreeze, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, heart rhythm problems, kidney injury, convulsions, and stomach damage. Researchers advise parents to be cautious and check medicinal ingredients for potential toxicity before use.
Researchers have developed a new approach to prevent toxicity seen in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia after gene therapy to treat neurological disorders. The approach involves modifying a transgene with a microRNA target, which reduces transgene expression and eliminates toxicity.
Quat-containing disinfectants have raised concerns over potential toxicity, with links to fertility and developmental problems found in animal and cell experiments. However, industry experts argue that skin irritation is the biggest concern, and typical exposures in people are unlikely to pose significant health risks.
Dream Tech LLC will develop a more comprehensive and reliable modeling and library system for chemical risk assessment using its BBMD system. The grant will allow the startup to analyze diverse types of dose-response data from various studies, providing effective solutions to practical dose-response assessment.
A recent report of two children's deaths in a gene therapy trial for X-linked myotubular myopathy has sparked concerns over the safety of gene therapy vectors. The editorial emphasizes the need for iterative development and cooperation among scientists to ensure safe and effective treatments for rare genetic diseases.
Researchers recommend avoiding all per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) for nonessential uses, citing their extreme persistence and toxicity. Studied PFAS have been linked to various serious health problems, including cancer and endocrine disruption.
Researchers identified chloro-perfluoro-polyether-carboxylate compounds (ClPFPECAs) in soils across New Jersey, suggesting the use of these compounds as PFAS substitutes. The discovery provides insight into the environmental impact and toxicity of next-generation PFAS substitutes.
Research found that patients with ARDS experience financial toxicity, leading to physical and emotional consequences. Long hospitalizations result in large medical bills, affecting patients' ability to recover and return to work.
Researchers found that acetylation at lysine 16 leads to disordered aggregates with high toxicity, highlighting the importance of protein shape in amyloid beta toxicity. The study aims to better understand the complexity of misfolded proteins and their role in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
A recent analysis of published studies found that many cancer survivors lack awareness of financial toxicity and are unprepared for its impacts. Despite coping mechanisms, they still have unmet needs for managing financial toxicity.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that opening plastic packaging can generate small amounts of microplastics. The researchers monitored the generation of microplastics during tasks such as tearing open plastic bags and bottles, finding that different shapes and sizes of microplastics were produced.
Researchers from NC State are studying PFAS toxicity, bioaccumulation and remediation with a $7.4M grant from NIEHS Superfund Research Program. The center aims to develop new analytical methods and train the next generation of environmental health researchers.
A new cell-based test developed by Stemina Biomarker Discovery accurately predicts the potential of drugs and chemicals to cause birth defects in humans. The devTOXqP test uses human embryonic stem cells to detect developmental toxicity with an accuracy of 82%, highlighting a promising alternative to animal testing.
Researchers describe the current state of metal toxicity modeling and science-based best practices for water chemistry. The latest models support improved ecosystem protection, but outdated regulations remain a concern.
Researchers aim to characterize coal dust properties and investigate biological effects of nano-coal dust on lung cells, using a 3D lung-on-a-chip device. This study seeks to understand the toxicity of nano-coal dusts and their impact on human health.
Researchers exposed chicken embryos to pollutants in crumb rubber, leading to mass loss and developmental issues, as well as gene dysregulation. The findings suggest a need to reassess the potential toxicity of crumb rubber used in playgrounds and athletic fields.
A study found that RA patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer experience flares, with a 50% rate. The researchers also noted that the rate of immune-related adverse events was comparable to those without autoimmune diseases.
Researchers created a Liver-Chip using Organs-on-Chips technology to predict liver toxicity across species. The platform accurately assesses the liver-specific effects of various drugs on liver cells from rat, dog, and human sources.
A new study links common bladder medication Elmiron to a vision-threatening eye condition, finding that about one-quarter of patients with significant exposure show signs of retinal damage. The research highlights the potential for long-term use of the drug to masquerade as other known conditions.
Research from Georgia Institute of Technology found that consumer-grade 3D printers emit particles that can negatively impact indoor air quality and respiratory health. The study suggests measures such as better ventilation, lower nozzle temperatures, and using low-emission filaments to minimize harm.