Articles tagged with Sex Ratios
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A cohort study of 47,000 adults found that males had a 63% greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to females after adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. The study suggests intrinsic biological factors, such as sex hormones or immune response, may contribute to these sex differences in mortality.
A cohort study of students in grades 4-12 found that social media use varied by age and sex, with heavy use linked to poorer well-being. The study's findings suggest that abstinence from social media may not always be beneficial for adolescents.
A cohort study found higher fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure associated with lower birth weight, particularly in early and mid-pregnancy. The study's findings suggest that understanding windows of susceptibility to environmental exposures can inform strategies for limiting exposure during critical periods.
Colorectal cancer screening modities shifted among privately insured individuals after COVID-19, with decreased colonoscopy and fecal tests, increased stool DNA tests. Differences found by sex, socioeconomic status, and metropolitan area residence.
Researchers analyzed over 2,000 hours of underwater recordings to detect subtle shifts in red hind spawning behavior and population dynamics. The study found a notable shift in the balance of mating calls over the 12-year period, with calls linked to competition becoming dominant.
A prospective study of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort found that modifiable parental factors, such as screen use and emotional regulation, are associated with specific adolescent sleep outcomes. Parental warmth is also linked to sleep chronotype, highlighting potential targets for evidence-based interventions.
Despite using a large genetic dataset, scientists were unable to find a definitive explanation for the formation of distinct great white shark populations in the southern Indo-Pacific Ocean. A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that genetic divergence began around 7,000 years ago.
A large-scale study found that zoos are often breeding endangered animals in skewed sex ratios, which can limit genetic diversity and increase the risk of extinction. The research highlights the need for zoos to collaborate and share data on their animal populations to manage conservation efforts effectively.
The FDA has authorized artificial intelligence devices for Alzheimer's and related dementias despite limited demographic data. Disease status, age, sex, and race were reported for fewer than half of devices, raising concerns about real-world generalizability.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment was associated with reduced all-cause mortality among older patients with cancer and type 2 diabetes. The survival benefit persisted across various subgroups, including age, sex, and cancer type.
A cohort study of 1,787 adults found significant differences in hearing loss prevalence among white male individuals (highest) and Black female individuals (lowest). The study highlights the importance of tailored interventions to reduce hearing loss risk across populations.
Researchers found that a fertility rate of at least 2.7 children per woman is needed to reliably avoid eventual extinction in small populations. A female-biased birth ratio can reduce extinction risk, helping more lineages survive over time.
Recent study analysis found that young adult females in the US experience higher rates of past-month binge drinking compared to males. In contrast, older male groups continue to exhibit higher binge drinking rates.
A cross-sectional study reveals significant racial disparities in unintentional overdose mortality, with Black individuals facing an increased burden of mortality. Addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach targeting social, physical, economic, and policy risk environments.
A recent study found substantial variation in US homicide rates across counties, racial and ethnic groups, age, and sex, highlighting populations and places with high rates of violence. The findings emphasize the need for awareness and violence prevention efforts to address these disparities.
Researchers found that turtles are nesting earlier in response to rising temperatures, with females advancing the start of nesting by 0.78 days per year since 1993. This shift is helping ensure egg hatching success despite elevated temperatures brought about by climate change.
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 601 trials revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors were more cardioprotective in older adults, while GLP-1 receptor agonists offered greater benefits to younger patients. These findings suggest personalized treatment approaches for type 2 diabetes based on age and sex.
A retrospective cohort study of 44,000 individuals found associations between baseline fasting glucose levels, age, sex, and body mass index with the development of diabetes. The study highlights individual variation in diabetes risk according to commonly measured clinical variables, suggesting potential for targeted interventions.
US youths experience disparities in firearm and motor vehicle crash fatality rates across different age groups, sexes, races, and ethnicities. A multipronged approach is necessary to address these leading causes of death, focusing on individual, community, and policy levels for high-risk groups.
Women with hepatocellular carcinoma are less likely to receive a deceased-donor liver transplant due to sex-based differences in candidate size. The study's findings highlight the need for changes in allocation policy to improve access to size-matched donor livers for smaller candidates.
The study found a disproportionate increase in female suicide rates relative to male preteens between 2001 and 2022. Suicide was the 5th leading cause of death among both males and females during this period.
The USPSTF recommends providing or referring children and adolescents with a high body mass index (BMI) to comprehensive behavioral interventions. Approximately 19.7% of US children aged 2-19 have a BMI at or above the 95th percentile, with higher prevalence among Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Alaska Native, and lower-income families.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found a positive association between heavy lifetime cannabis use and cardiovascular disease mortality among female participants. The study suggests that long-term cannabis use may have negative effects on mortality rates, highlighting the need for further research.
The study found a substantial increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) dispensing among adolescents and young adults between 2020 and 2023. This trend is particularly notable for females, emphasizing the need for targeted education on sex-specific safety risks, such as concerns during pregnancy.
Chronic kidney disease patients at a US-based academic medical center experienced significant sex disparities in primary care management. Females received poorer care compared to males, highlighting the need for further examination of these differences.
A study found a dose-dependent association between adolescent body mass index and mental health, with the strongest link observed over time. The U-shaped relationship was consistent across sex and grade levels, highlighting the need for targeted interventions addressing body image and mental health.
A study of over 1 million Swedish children reveals that genetic differences contribute to phenotypic variation in autism spectrum disorder, differing significantly between males and females. The findings suggest underlying causes of autism may differ between the sexes, partly explaining the skewed sex ratio in the condition.
A recent survey study reveals binge drinking is more prevalent among sports wagering individuals compared to nongamblers and non–sports gamblers. This finding highlights the need for targeted interventions to address excessive alcohol consumption in this demographic.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found a strong association between alcohol use disorder and suicide mortality across genders. The study highlights the importance of addressing alcohol use disorder as part of comprehensive suicide prevention strategies.
This study of 536 adults with chronic conditions found disparities in patient portal use, with sociodemographic groups and health literacy levels showing varying trends. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in portal use, while a brief validated health literacy measure may help identify patients who need further support.
A study of 57,000 US adults found that lower levels of food security are associated with a higher risk of premature mortality and shorter life expectancy. The findings highlight the potential importance of improving food security in promoting population health and reducing health disparities.
Researchers found that pollutants in green sea turtle eggs can feminize broods, increasing the risk of extinction due to a lack of males. The study suggests that climate change and pollution may be driving this trend, which could have severe consequences for the species' survival.
A study by Griffith University found that pollution can compound the female-biasing influence of rising global temperatures on sea turtles. The research, published in Frontiers in Marine Science, discovered that exposure to heavy metals and organic contaminants can feminize green sea turtle embryos.
A new study reveals a reversal in the trend of early-onset lung cancer, now affecting younger women and middle-aged adults. The increased incidence in women is attributed to rising rates among those born in the 1960s, without higher smoking prevalence.
A study by Michał Gulczyński reveals a strong relationship between population density and sex ratios, indicating imbalanced marriage markets in rural areas. The researcher found that men tend to outnumber women in rural areas due to gender-specific migration patterns.
Utilization and spending on mental health services for children and youths with commercial insurance significantly increased from January 2019 to August 2022. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, and adjustment disorder accounted for most visits and spending across all phases of the study.
A recent study found that certain medical specialties have made progress in increasing diversity among academic medical leaders, while others continue to lag behind
A study of 2,708 emergency medicine residents found significant disparities in performance assessments by race, ethnicity, and sex. Female residents from underrepresented groups experienced the most severe disparities, which increased over multiple assessments.
Patients treated by female surgeons have a lower risk-adjusted likelihood of adverse postoperative outcomes at 90 days and one year following surgery. The study of over one million patients suggests differences in patient outcomes based on physician sex warrant further investigation into underlying causes and potential solutions.
A Swedish study of 150,000 patients found female surgeons achieved better outcomes and operated more slowly than their male counterparts. The results may shed light on gender differences in the surgical specialty.
Research suggests that the Bhopal gas disaster had long-term intergenerational effects on health and education. Men exposed in utero to toxic gas had a higher risk of disabilities and cancers, while those born later had reduced educational attainment. The sex ratio of births also changed among children born near the incident site.
Research found that microplastics can increase sand temperature, potentially altering sea turtle sex ratios and hatchling success. Concentrations of up to 30% microplastic had the greatest impact, with temperatures rising by 0.58 degrees Celsius.
The study found a significant increase in mental health diagnoses among female youth, especially adolescents, during the COVID-19 pandemic. This trend was most pronounced for eating disorders, with vulnerable populations showing marked increases.
A cross-sectional analysis of 2,200 individuals with sickle cell disease found associations between employment status, sex, age, and depression with pain frequency. Comprehensive treatment for SCD must consider the full experiences of patients, including mental health impacts on pain reduction.
A recent study of 95,000 U.S. physicians found that female physicians work significantly fewer hours than their male counterparts, resulting in a substantial earnings penalty. This disparity is attributed to societal and institutional barriers that discourage women from working long hours.
Research suggests that the ratio of adult females to males influences sex roles in animal species. Variation in this ratio can lead to differences in mate competition, parental care, and social behavior among species. The study proposes that understanding these dynamics can inform conservation efforts.
Researchers have discovered a new critical period for sex determination in sea turtle embryos, influenced by temperature fluctuations. The study reveals two peaks in temperature's impact on sex ratio during the thermosensitive period of development.
A study of 31,000 medical school graduates found significant disparities in publication rates among women, Black, and Hispanic students compared to men and white students. These inequities suggest that issues with the physician-scientist workforce began early in training, affecting career success.
The USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis in asymptomatic, nonpregnant individuals who have ever been sexually active. Syphilis cases increased from a record low in 2000 to 11.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2019.
Researchers analyzed changes in substance use disorder treatment admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, revealing significant disparities by sex and ethnicity. The study highlights the need for tailored treatment approaches to address these inequities and ensure equitable access to care.
A study of 12,000 Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure at risk for requiring a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) found racial and sex disparities in LVAD access. Adjusting for individual poverty and community-level social determinants of health did not alter the inequity in one-year survival among groups.
A survey study of over 12,000 high school students in Cleveland found substantial reductions in tobacco product use and decreased disparities across racial and ethnic groups. The findings support the potential of raising the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco to 21 to achieve equity.
Researchers have discovered a selfish genetic element, known as Segregation Distorter (SD), that skews genetic inheritance. SD has caused dramatic changes in chromosome organization and genetic diversity, leading to the accumulation of deleterious mutations.
A study of North American settlers in the St. Lawrence Valley found that female marriage ages increased while male marriage ages decreased due to a male-skewed sex ratio. The findings suggest that this demographic imbalance had significant effects on union formation and population dynamics.
A study of 28,000 trauma patients found significant sex-based disparities in timeliness of care, with females facing longer delays and higher likelihoods of long-term care. The results suggest that female trauma patients are at a disadvantage in receiving timely trauma care compared to their male counterparts.
Researchers found no widespread systematic measurement bias in the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) across race and sex. However, the study suggests potential underdetection of autism in certain groups, warranting further research to improve diagnosis accuracy.
A new study by Japanese researchers at Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine found a correlation between maternal lead exposure and an increase in male births. The research suggests that even low levels of lead can affect the sex ratio of offspring, potentially contributing to Japan's declining proportion of male births.
A comprehensive analysis of 1,800 bird species found that adult sex ratios are the main driving force behind differences in sex roles. Climate, life histories, and social environment were not significant factors. The study provides new insights into the evolution of sex roles in birds.
A Harvard University study found significant variations in sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes across states and over time, suggesting social factors play a primary role. The research reveals that 30% of the variation in sex disparities can be attributed to state-level differences.
A study analyzing opioid overdose deaths among adults aged 55 and older found disparities by sex, race, and ethnicity. The research revealed that Black and Native American women had higher rates of opioid overdose deaths compared to their white female counterparts.