Articles tagged with Chromosomal Abnormalities
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study published in CANCER found that men are more likely to have advanced disease and high myeloma load at diagnosis compared to women. Men were also less likely to have low bone mineral density and had different chromosomal abnormalities, which may contribute to the sex disparity in multiple myeloma risk.
A machine-learning-based algorithm developed by Tokyo Metropolitan University researchers can accurately count sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in chromosomes, giving a more objective measurement. The accuracy rate is 84%, which could help diagnose disorders like Bloom syndrome with greater consistency.
Scientists have discovered a protein called SCEP3 that ensures even chromosome segregation in plants, preventing infertility and genetic diseases. This finding has implications for plant breeding and understanding human fertility, with the equivalent gene SIX6OS1 potentially playing a role in promoting correct chromosome segregation.
Researchers used CRISPR technology to identify HMGN1, a nuclear binding protein that contributes to trisomy 21-related CHDs. The study found that an overabundance of HMGN1 leads to abnormal heart development and gene expression.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified the precise location where human chromosomes break and recombine to form Robertsonian chromosomes. The study reveals that repetitive DNA sequences play a central role in genome organization and evolution, explaining how these rearrangements form and remain stable.
A study found that nearly half of spontaneous DNA damage in human oocytes localizes to telomeres and accumulates with donor age. Telomeric DNA damage compromises oocyte quality, leading to chromosomal instability and reduced maturation rates.
A landmark study in China has established a new diagnosis framework for rare diseases, improving the diagnostic rate from 29.58% to 39%. The study analyzed genetic data from 42,703 families and identified regional differences and genetic hotspots.
Researchers identified three distinct molecular subtypes of follicular lymphoma, offering insights into personalized treatment plans. The subtypes C1, C2, and C3 differ in their genetic profiles and tumor microenvironments, guiding the use of specific therapies.
Researchers at UC Davis MIND Institute recommend testing for specific groups, citing inadequate recognition by healthcare providers. The group of genetic conditions affects learning, development, and behavior, with millions of people unaware they carry the premutation.
Researchers at Emory University have discovered that psilocybin can delay cellular aging by over 50% and extend the lifespan of human skin and lung cells. In a study involving aged mice, psilocybin was shown to increase survival by 30% and improve physical features, suggesting potential for anti-aging therapies.
The first localized Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) project in Armenia has been launched by BGI Genomics with Prom-Test Laboratories. The NIFTY test offers screening for Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome, and sex chromosome anomalies with over 99% accuracy.
A team at IRB Barcelona developed a tool to generate customized aneuploidies, precisely labeling cells carrying these abnormalities in living tissue. This allows for real-time observation of cell behavior, revealing the presence of haploinsufficient genes and their removal through cell competition.
Researchers discovered a specialized histone arrangement, called the CENP-A–H4 octasome, in centromeric regions. This unique structure likely contributes to proper kinetochore formation and mitosis.
A new AI tool developed by University of Missouri researchers can predict the 3D shape of chromosomes inside individual cells, providing a new view of how genes work. The tool helps identify unique differences in chromosome folding between cells, which controls gene activity and can lead to diseases like cancer.
The study reveals that centromeric R-loops play a critical role in ensuring chromosome alignment during oocyte meiotic divisions. Disruption of R-loop homeostasis leads to spindle assembly defects and chromosomal misalignment, highlighting the importance of R-loops in maintaining genomic stability.
Scientists have identified a gene variant directly linked to accelerated reproductive aging and early miscarriages in women. The discovery could provide valuable information for women considering reproduction, enabling them to make informed decisions about timing and fertility treatment.
A new study reveals that benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) causes oxidative stress and DNA strand breaks, leading to cell death and abnormal chromosomes in egg cells. The research suggests that BBP exposure can lead to lower quality egg cells with compromised genomic integrity.
Miscarriage affects 15-20% of pregnancies, causing devastating effects. Outpatient early pregnancy assessment clinics can provide compassionate and tailored care, but services are lagging.
A recent study uses CNV-seq and WES to detect congenital heart disease, identifying genes contributing to CHD and increasing diagnostic yield. The combination of these technologies boosts detection rates for CHDs, improving prenatal management.
Researchers at RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics found multiple specialized types of DNA replication in early-stage embryos, including a period of instability prone to chromosomal copying errors. This discovery could lead to improved methods of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and better strategies for minimizing chromosomal abnormalities.
A groundbreaking study has revealed that the centromere consists of two subdomains, which play a crucial role in ensuring proper chromosome segregation during cell division. This discovery provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying erroneous divisions in cancer cells.
Researchers question whether micronuclei activate the cGAS-STING pathway, a key innate immune response to foreign nucleic acids. The study found that MN more commonly recognizes DNA during cell division without triggering STING activation.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute have identified the first prehistoric person with mosaic Turner syndrome, characterized by one X chromosome instead of two. The study also found the earliest known incidence of Jacob's syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, and an infant with Down Syndrome in ancient DNA samples.
The study identifies FAM53C as a cytosolic-anchoring inhibitory binding protein of the kinase DYRK1A, regulating its activity and cellular location. This finding may provide potential clinical insights into treating Down syndrome and related diseases.
CityU and AFCR have signed a MoU to promote cutting-edge cancer-related innovative inventions and commercialization. The partnership aims to foster the development of biomedicine and related innovation, with world-leading scholars from Harvard Medical School attending the inaugural 'Innovation Series in Biomedicine' forum.
Researchers are studying the characteristics of fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), aiming to develop treatments for this debilitating condition. The study focuses on understanding the phenotype of FXTAS, including its progression and impact on males and females.
A novel association of t(5;17) with t(8;21) has been reported in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient, resulting in a RUNX1-RUNX1T1 rearrangement. The patient received chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, highlighting the importance of this rare translocation.
Researchers at Osaka University identified two key genes, Srr1 and Skb1, involved in gross chromosomal rearrangement. These genes play a crucial role in preventing the formation of isochromosomes, a type of structural mutation in chromosomes.
Researchers have created the first humanized mouse model for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, a rare genetic disease affecting 1 in 15,000 births. The mouse model accurately mimics human symptoms and allows for testing of novel treatments and stem cell therapies.
Researchers discovered that radiation damage to paternal DNA is passed on to offspring through a highly error-prone repair mechanism. This leads to structural changes in the paternal chromosomes and causes developmental defects. Histone proteins play a crucial role in shielding damaged chromosomes from accurate repair.
Researchers analyzed COX-2 levels and segmental chromosome aberrations in pediatric neuroblastoma tumor samples. Positive correlations between pre-CT Ch 7q gain and COX-2 expression were found, as well as negative correlations between Ch 7q gain and Ch 11q deletion.
A genetic test known as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) may be able to identify the cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or its counterpart in older children, known as Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood (SUDC). CMA identified deletions or duplications of DNA segments in 14% of deceased infants and toddlers up to 28 mon...
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have developed a new method to characterize chromosomes with unprecedented detail. This allows for the detection of hidden chromosome defects that can cause miscarriages.
Researchers have identified a critical vulnerability in high-risk multiple myeloma patients with co-occurrence of chromosome abnormalities. The study reveals that cells lacking p53 and NEIL1 genes are reliant on the Chk1 pathway, suggesting a synthetic lethal relationship.
A long-term study of FXTAS carriers has identified key indicators of disease progression, including cognitive decline and motor symptoms. Researchers hope to develop a validated tracking tool to monitor premutation carriers and patients with FXTAS.
A recent study of the Suontaka grave challenges traditional beliefs about gender roles in Iron Age and Early Medieval communities. The analysis suggests that the buried individual had Klinefelter syndrome, indicating a non-binary person who was valued and respected by their community.
A four-year study using advanced computational methods has found that IVF embryos do not have a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities than naturally conceived children. The study, published in Nature Medicine, analyzed the genetic makeup of live-born children and found no evidence of cell lines with chromosomal aberrations.
A new study reveals that chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent miscarriage can be detected using low-pass genome sequencing, increasing the number of couples identified at risk. This technique may help couples conceive through in vitro fertilization and personalize their treatment.
Researchers have found that BPA replacements in plastics cause reproductive problems in lab mice, including chromosomally abnormal eggs and sperm. The study suggests that exposure to these chemicals could carry over to future generations through their effects on the germline.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen found that foetuses with balanced chromosomal aberrations have a higher risk of developing brain disorders such as autism and mental retardation than previously thought. The risk is 20% for these foetuses according to the study.
Researchers have identified a key process that contributes to chromosomal abnormalities and miscarriages in older women, offering new hope for improving fertility treatments. The discovery focuses on the regulation of securin levels in egg development, which can help prevent chromosomal abnormalities.
Researchers developed a method to detect small chromosomal deletions or duplications, such as Cri du Chat Syndrome and DiGeorge Syndrome, with a simple blood test. The new semiconductor sequencing platform can identify these abnormalities at an average gestational age of 24 weeks, reducing the need for invasive procedures.
Researchers found no correlation between breast cancer's different structures and chromosomal abnormalities, challenging the idea that genetic mutations drive tumor heterogeneity. Instead, they discovered specific genes contributing to each structure's formation, suggesting alternative mechanisms driving morphological diversity.
Researchers discovered that chromosomal abnormalities in human embryos can be predicted within the first 30 hours of development. This finding could improve IVF success rates, which have hovered around 30-35 percent worldwide. By analyzing a single cell level, they identified 12 genes that are activated prior to the first cell division.
A study of 4,446 pregnancies found a high rate of chromosomal abnormalities in patients where non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) fails to provide results. Nearly half of these tests will fail on subsequent attempts, highlighting the importance of clear understanding and follow-up for patients with failed NIPT.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital propose a new Next-Gen Cytogenetic Nomenclature system to standardize chromosomal abnormality descriptions, improving clinical and research reports. The system focuses on nucleotide-level details, reducing errors and saving time in reporting.
A study of over 76,000 women found that advanced maternal age is associated with a 40% decreased risk of major congenital malformations. Women aged 35 and older had lower incidence rates for brain, kidney, and abdominal wall defects, while heart defect rates remained unchanged.
A new method for detecting genetic defects in egg cells could significantly increase the success rate of IVF by identifying chromosomal abnormalities and DNA sequence variations associated with genetic disorders. The approach uses whole-genome sequencing of individual egg cells, offering a safe, accurate, and low-cost solution.
A new study suggests a safer and more informative noninvasive test for detecting chromosomal defects in the fetus, using fetal DNA in the mother's blood. The method offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional invasive procedures, reducing risks of infection and potential harm to the fetus.
A study published in Biology of Reproduction found that consuming 75 grams of walnuts per day enhances sperm vitality, motility, and morphology in healthy young men. The walnut diet also reduced chromosomal abnormalities in sperm.
Research published in the Journal of Medical Genetics found that faulty intellectual disability genes are largely paternal in origin and more common in children born to older fathers. The study analyzed rare copy number variations (CNVs) in over 3,500 people with intellectual disabilities.
Researchers have discovered that cells surrounding the egg can provide information about its genetic and chromosomal status. The study found 14 genes with highly significant differences in activity when their corresponding egg was abnormal, suggesting a potential non-invasive test for identifying faulty eggs.
Researchers at WSU aim to uncover the biological cause of Gulf War Illness by studying genomic instability. High levels of chromosomal aberrations have been detected in GWI patients, similar to those found in cancer patients. The study may lead to a simple blood test for diagnosing GWI.
A study by Purdue University researchers found that specific chromosome imbalances in plants can lead to predictable physical defects. The team used polyploid and aneuploid plants to identify easily measured characteristics associated with imbalanced chromosomes, offering insights into correcting genetic defects.
A new microarray analysis technique improved prenatal diagnosis for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in 300 cases at Baylor College of Medicine. The test identified 58 copy number variations, including 15 significant findings that would have been missed otherwise.
New practice guidelines in Canada recommend prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities be offered to all pregnant women. The guidelines aim to balance reproductive autonomy with the potential legal liability of failing to screen, which could harm disabled children.
Current prenatal biochemical screening tests only detect half of chromosomal abnormalities, including trisomies and deletions. This limitation emphasizes the importance of counseling patients on the limitations of these tests to make informed decisions about invasive diagnostic testing.
Researchers found that embryos initially deemed abnormal can undergo chromosomal modifications, leading to a higher rate of mosaicism. This challenges the effectiveness of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) for increasing pregnancy potential.
A massive international study identifies potential genetic links for autism, shedding light on the disorder's neurological basis. The research, involving over 1,400 families, suggests that certain genes increase the risk of developing autism, while environmental factors also play a role.
A study found that withdrawing full karyotyping from prenatal diagnosis for Down's syndrome could lead to undetected other chromosome abnormalities, resulting in preventable mental or physical handicaps. The researchers suggest using PCR plus karyotyping for more efficient detection of clinically significant chromosome abnormalities.