Articles tagged with Innate Immunity
Researchers at the University of Bonn have identified a new signaling pathway that triggers inflammatory responses in the skin after UV damage. This pathway involves the activation of p38 molecularly modifying NLRP1, a critical switch for inflammation, and initiates the assembly of inflammasomes.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology discovered how Zika virus forces dendritic cells to churn out lipid molecules, allowing the virus to build copies of itself. This study provides a major step forward in developing antiviral therapies against multiple flavivirus infections.
Researchers discovered a novel role for an E. coli enzyme in reducing the toxic effects of hypothiocyanite, a key antimicrobial released by the human immune system. This finding has implications for diseases like cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease, as it suggests that various bacteria can evade this powerful oxidant.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus investigated SARS-CoV-2 variant interactions with diverse interferons, finding the virus has adapted to evade this key front-line defense. The study suggests COVID-19 clinical trials on interferons may need to be reinterpreted based on circulating variants.
A study found that OTUD3 limits RNA virus-triggered innate immunity but promotes DNA virus-triggered innate immunity, highlighting the complexity of host antiviral responses. OTUD3 also interacts with cGAS to remove K48-linked polyubiquitination chains and protect its DNA-binding ability.
Researchers have found that flu viruses can directly infect heart cells, leading to electrical malfunctions and scarring. The study suggests that clearing the viral infection may be key to reducing flu's effects on the heart.
The 100-year-old BCG vaccine has been found to protect newborns and young infants against multiple bacterial and viral infections, including COVID-19. The study identified changes in metabolite and lipid profiles that correlate with innate immune system responses.
A new study found that moderate fitness can offer protection against the dampening effects of chemotherapy on natural immunity. Breast cancer survivors who were moderately fit produced a significantly larger immune response to a typhoid vaccine, while those with lower fitness levels had a reduced response.
Researchers have developed a new treatment for chronic inflammation by targeting the ASC protein with nanobodies, which can dissolve harmful molecular complexes and counteract inflammation. The treatment has shown promising results in mouse models, alleviating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and gout.
A team of researchers identified a stem rust resistance gene from wild goat grass species Aegilops sharonensis, which can be cross-bred into wheat for immunity against deadly crop pathogens. The genetic potential of this hardy relative has been largely unexplored and holds promise for reducing the threat of the stem rust disease.
Researchers discovered that shorter antibiotic courses are associated with fewer antibiotic resistance genes in children, but also found increases in resistance to other antibiotics. The study suggests that treatment duration can impact the microbiome and increase susceptibility to other pathogens.
Researchers found that innate effector cells can acquire a memory to strengthen gut mucosal defenses against repeated infections over time. This discovery demonstrates a new antibacterial immune defense mechanism and could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat intestinal diseases.
Researchers at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center developed a novel PET imaging tool to selectively monitor inflammation and innate immune activity. The new radio-labeled molecule, [18F]4FN, is more specific and robust than existing agents, offering potential for early biomarker detection of immune-related adverse events.
Scientists at Washington State University have discovered a novel theory that the innate immune system can respond differently to specific pathogens. This quality, known as immunological specificity, is driven by the nervous system and could provide a basis for finetuning an experimental treatment to fight infection.
Researchers at TUM discover that intestinal bacteria interact with Paneth cells in the gut mucus layer, leading to chronic inflammation. This finding may lead to new treatments for IBD.
A study by Michigan Medicine researchers found that people with diabetes have more macrophages in their fat tissue, particularly the anti-inflammatory CD206+ subtype. This subtype is unique in terms of gene expression and may play a role in the development of diabetes.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin have identified a crucial protein, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), that regulates type I interferon production in response to viral infections. This breakthrough discovery has significant implications for the development of new therapies to boost or suppress immune responses, p...
The SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant adapted to avoid triggering the innate immune response by increasing expression of antagonism proteins, which disable the body's first line of defense. This allows the virus to replicate under the radar in early stages of infection, significantly increasing its chances of infecting a person.
A new viral disease caused by Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged, threatening global tomato production. ToBRFV overcomes the durable Tm-2² resistance gene, which had remained unbroken for over half a century.
Research at Florida Atlantic University found that green sea turtles in polluted environments have impaired immune systems, leading to increased disease susceptibility. The study suggests a positive feedback loop where pollution compromises immunity, making turtles more prone to Green Turtle Fibropapillomatosis.
A study analyzed genetic material from 86 discordant couples infected by SARS-CoV-2 and found associations between certain genetic variants and efficient activation of natural killer cells. These cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response, destroying infected cells to prevent disease development.
The study elucidates the mechanism by which CXCL14 binds to CpG DNA and enhances innate immune responses. A complex formation between CpG DNA and CXCL14 is necessary for internalization of CpG DNA, and multiple amino acids stabilize binding.
Researchers discover a new way for an antiviral enzyme to detect and destroy viruses that hide inside cell membranes. The OAS1 p46 isoform enhances the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, flaviviruses, and other RNA viruses.
UT Southwestern researchers report the first structural confirmation that endogenous molecules can trigger innate immunity in mammals through the TLR4?MD-2 receptor complex. The discovery has wide-ranging implications for treating and preventing autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Researchers use zebrafish to study human cancer and discover that the innate immune system actively destroys cancer cells. However, tumor cells can adapt and evade immune detection through a process called 'Immunoediting', leading to immunotherapy resistance.
Researchers have identified a key function of AIM2, a molecule that plays a vital role in regulating the adaptive immune system. The study reveals that AIM2 is expressed at higher levels in regulatory T cells, which prevent overzealous immune responses and mitigate autoimmune diseases.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus blocks innate immune activation, preventing the production and signaling of type I interferon, a key component of host defense against viral infections. This suppression allows the virus to replicate unchecked, leading to COVID-19 disease progression.
Researchers found human editing enzymes behind a COVID-19 virus mutation that stimulates pro-inflammatory molecule release. The mutation altered innate immune responses, and further study is needed to determine its impact on virus elimination or symptom aggravation.
An international team led by George Hajishengallis showed that training the innate immune system with β-glucan can inspire neutrophils to target tumors. The study found that trained immunity can be transferred through bone marrow transplants, leading to improved tumor-fighting ability.
Researchers found that newborns' immune systems activate soon after birth and increase key factors of innate immunity, including the complement system. This development is critical for protecting against pathogens in infancy, where infections are prevalent.
Researchers at Boyce Thompson Institute have discovered a new gene, Pseudomonas tomato race 1 (Ptr1), that imparts resistance to bacterial speck disease. The team identified the gene through a serendipitous discovery of two plants with the gene that survived a devastating outbreak of the disease.
Deep-sea anglerfish have evolved a unique immune system that allows them to temporarily or permanently fuse with their mates without experiencing immune rejection. This altered immunity, which lacks adaptive immune functions, has helped facilitate the evolutionary success of these species.
Researchers discovered that M2-type macrophages are more susceptible to ferroptosis and may exacerbate chronic inflammation. A mathematical model was developed to describe the stability of macrophages under different conditions.
A new antibiotic resistance gene, gar, has been discovered in environmental samples from India and found in several clinical pathogens, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas. This rare gene provides resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, which is concerning for treating multi-resistant bacteria.
Scientists have identified specific genes that confer nonhost resistance to wheat leaf rust in barley, a breakthrough that could transform the breeding of durable disease-resistant cereal crops. This discovery has the potential to improve global food security by providing a solution to one of the biggest problems in wheat production.
Antibiotic-resistant genes were found in London's freshwater sources, with the River Thames having the highest levels. The genes come from human and animal waste, which contaminates water bodies through wastewater discharge. Researchers are now experimenting with slow sand filtration to remove these genes.
Princeton University researchers have developed a scalable cell culture system that allows for detailed investigation of how host cells respond to infection with HBV and HDV. The system, called SACC-PHH, enables chronic HBV infection for up to 40 days, providing unprecedented opportunities to study host responses to hepatitis viruses.
Most examined circRNAs form imperfect RNA duplexes that act as PKR inhibitors, but rapid degradation by RNase L triggers PKR activation. CircRNA overexpression reduces aberrant PKR activation in SLE patient-derived cells.
The International Cytokine & Interferon Society awards two scientists, Dr. Akiko Iwasaki and Dr. Hao Wu, for their outstanding contributions to cytokine and interferon research. Their work has led to paradigm shifts in understanding immune responses and vaccine design.
Researchers at Kanazawa University discovered that a host mRNA, selenoprotein P (SeP), specifically regulates the RIG-I pathway-dependent innate immune responses. SeP mRNA inhibits the activation of RIG-I by binding to its regulatory domain and negatively regulating innate immunity.
Researchers found that even low concentrations of single antibiotics lead to resistance in multiple classes. The team believes alterations in treatment processes can reduce the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms.
Researchers have developed a new method called AgRenSeq, which enables the rapid recruitment of disease resistance genes from wild plants and their transfer into domestic crops. This technique has been successfully trialed in a wild relative of wheat and holds promise for protecting multiple crops worldwide.
A new study reveals that klotho acts as a shield between the brain and immune system, protecting against age-related cognitive decline. The research found that low levels of klotho in the choroid plexus lead to increased brain inflammation, which can impair brain functions.
A new study has identified genetic locations of resistance genes in the common bean, allowing breeders to develop varieties with built-in weevil protection. This will enable farmers to store seeds more effectively, reducing losses and improving food security.
Researchers from Australia and the UK have isolated three related rust resistance genes that confer distinct recognition specificities to the stripe rust pathogen. This breakthrough could enable accurate monitoring and integration of these genes into breeding programs to combat evolving pathogens.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified the body's microreactors for innate immunity, which could lead to novel treatments for infections and autoimmune diseases. The discovery involves a DNA-sensing enzyme that forms droplets that act as tiny bioreactors creating molecules to stimulate the immune system.
A new study shows that innate immune pathways in the intestine fine-tune body metabolism to diet and conditions in response to
A study has isolated colistin-resistant E. coli from commercial poultry farms in China and hospital patients, revealing the coexistence of mcr-1 and mcr-3 resistance genes on a single plasmid. This finding poses a significant threat to public health due to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Dr. Giorgio Trinchieri is recognized for his pioneering contributions to cytokine biology, including the discovery of interleukin-12 and its role in inflammation and immunity. His work has led to significant breakthroughs in understanding and treating cancer, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders.
Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti and Luke O'Neill were awarded the 2018 Seymour & Vivian Milstein Award for their major advances in understanding how our bodies recognize and respond to pathogens, leading to profound clinical benefits in treating diseases. The award recognizes outstanding contributions to cytokine and interferon research.
A deficiency of TRIF, a key innate immune adaptor, significantly shortens the survival time of ALS mice by allowing the accumulation of toxic reactive oxygens. This study reveals a new role for innate immunity in ALS pathomechanism and provides a clue to develop a therapeutic approach for protecting motor neurons.
Research reveals that vampire bats in areas with high livestock abundance have different immune profiles, investing more in adaptive immunity to fight infections. The study's findings also suggest a higher risk of virus transmission to humans through cross-species contact, highlighting the importance of sustainable farming practices.
Scientists discover that training precursor cells in the bone marrow with beta-glucan leads to a sustained positive response of the hematopoietic system. This effect could help accelerate the formation of new white blood cells, which are vital during chemotherapy.
A recent study by the University of Bonn found that fast food can make the immune system more aggressive in the long term. Even after switching to a healthy diet, inflammation remains higher, potentially leading to diseases like arteriosclerosis and diabetes.
A 3D stem cell-derived intestine model has been developed that closely mimics the natural human response to gut infection. The model displayed key small intestine characteristics and exhibited an antibacterial response upon E. coli infection.
Research reveals a connection between genetic innate immunity deficiencies and high-risk children for dental caries. Children with defective salivary proteins are more susceptible to caries, even without bad eating habits or oral hygiene routines.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg have discovered 76 new types of antibiotic resistance genes. These genes can provide bacteria with the ability to degrade carbapenems, a powerful class of antibiotics.
Researchers successfully built a gene drive to reduce female fertility in malaria-spreading mosquitoes, but mutations soon arose that blocked the spread of new genes. This study documents the emergence of resistance and will help improve future gene drives.
Researchers have discovered a new mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-3, in Escherichia coli of pig origin, which may already be widely disseminated. The prevalence of mcr-3 is likely underestimated due to potential transfer between bacterial species.
Researchers at Technical University of Denmark discover that resistance genes originate from the same group as antibiotics, Actinobacteria. The study reveals a new mechanism called 'carry back', where pathogens acquire genes through a primitive form of bacterial sex.