A new Mount Sinai study reveals that young Black adults are twice as likely to have atherosclerosis as their Hispanic counterparts. Researchers used comprehensive questionnaires and 3D vascular ultrasounds to determine cardiovascular risk scores, finding significant discrepancies between the groups.
Researchers found that activating the STING pathway in glioblastoma tumors attracted immune cells and produced a robust anti-tumor effect, laying the foundation for immunotherapy treatment. Human GBM explants responded to STING agonists by secreting cytokines, demonstrating the pathway's activity in human tumors.
Researchers at TU Wien found that silicate nanoparticles can strengthen porous rock by forming colloidal crystals, which create new connections between mineral surfaces. The size of the particles is crucial for optimal strength gain, with smaller particles creating more binding sites.
A study by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment found that micro- and nanoplastics can be taken up by human cells, particularly those in the small intestine and liver. The absorption of these particles is influenced by their size and chemical properties.
Researchers at Boston University developed an AI-powered computational model that can detect cognitive impairment from audio recordings of neuropsychological tests. The model was trained on over 1,000 individuals and accurately distinguished between healthy individuals and those with dementia.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science developed novel complex-peptide hybrids that induce programmed cell death in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells through paraptosis. The compounds, syn-6 and anti-6, inhibit cell death by uncoupling mitochondrial calcium uptake and inducing cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading to cell death.
Researchers found that women with higher concentrations of phthalate metabolites in their urine were more likely to deliver babies preterm. The largest study to date on this topic found that reducing phthalate exposure by 50% could prevent preterm births by 12% on average.
The study found an overall response rate of 32% across all patients with EGFR exon 20 mutations, varying depending on the location of the mutation. Near-loop insertions showed a 46% overall response rate, while far-loop insertions had no response rate.
Researchers at NICT developed an organic electro-optic polymer for visible light, significantly improving efficiency and miniaturization. The new modulator has lower absorption loss and higher electro-optic coefficient in visible light compared to conventional optical modulators.
Hexaploid gibel carp exhibit high genetic diversity and strong environmental adaptation, defying predicted extinction. Comparative genomics reveals expanded meiotic cell cycle-related genes and oocyte-specific histone variants facilitating purging deleterious mutations.
Researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a new approach to federated learning that allows them to develop accurate AI models more quickly and accurately. By reformating updates sent to the centralized server, they can resolve the heterogeneity problem in data, improving model performance.
Research finds no effect of tax policy change on executive compensation; tax regulations may not be effective in curbing excessive pay. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act aimed to reduce CEO pay by limiting deductions for performance-based compensation, but studies have found little impact on the practice.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University have found a phytochemical derived from broccoli that breaks down biofilms protecting antibiotic-resistant pathogens, enabling eradication rates of up to 94% when combined with antibiotics. The compound also accelerates wound healing and is being further developed for commercialization.
Research finds that preschoolers' brain maturation improves inhibitory control abilities, with 4-year-olds outperforming 3-year-olds in tasks requiring stopping actions. The cognitive control network's distinct regions and white matter connections are associated with different aspects of self-control development.
Researchers have successfully mapped the atomic structure of the nuclear pore complex using X-rays, providing a framework for understanding cell function and developing new therapies. The completed human NPC puzzle will enable future experiments on NPC function and its relationship to diseases.
A UBC Okanagan study published in Nature-Scientific Reports found that regular small amounts of psilocybin improved mood, mental health, and psychomotor ability in participants. Microdosing was associated with reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, particularly among those over 55.
A study by University of South Australia researchers documents the benefits of fathers using kangaroo care with premature newborns. The practice mimics the marsupial model, providing a nurturing environment that reduces pain and stress for both baby and caregiver.
A new study reveals that Triassic dinosaur species endured freezing conditions due to their well-developed feathers. This adaptation allowed them to thrive in colder climates, while other reptiles perished. The discovery sheds light on the ecological rise of dinosaurs after the Triassic-Jurassic Extinction.
The article highlights key health considerations for Ukrainian refugees in Canada, including timely access to care and trauma-informed approaches. Key gaps in the Canadian healthcare system include lack of universal access to interpreters and coordinated care across services.
A study published in PAIN Reports found that individuals with opioid use disorder (OUd) experience greater central sensitization, leading to worse quality of life. Central sensitization refers to abnormal pain processing in the brain and spinal cord, causing people to suffer more from pain.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has launched a Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating an mRNA-based vaccine against Nipah virus, which causes severe respiratory and brain swelling. The trial aims to assess the safety, tolerability, and immune response of the investigational vaccine in healthy adults.
A large study found that high levels of physical activity do not offset a poor diet's impact on mortality risk. Those with both high-quality diets and regular exercise had lower mortality rates compared to those with the worst diets.
Researchers have developed a new method to detect metal impurities in high-throughput screening, reducing false positive hits and saving time and resources. The technique uses acoustic mist ionization mass spectrometry to identify eight different metal contaminants, outperforming previous methods.
An international team of researchers has successfully classified fossil gobies into a family tree for the first time. The study used an integrative phylogenetic approach to inferring relationships between fossil gobioids and their modern descendants.
A decline in botany education is hindering environmental improvements and exacerbating climate crises. Basic plant identification skills are lacking among scientists and professionals.
A new study suggests that Earth's deep mantle was drier than initially thought, with a water concentration 4-250 times lower than the upper mantle. This finding challenges the assumption that the mantle was uniform from its formation and may have prevented mixing within the mantle.
Researchers at Hokkaido University have discovered a molecular pathway by which stress affects lupus, revealing a potential target for treatment. The study found that sleep deprivation caused the activation of microglial cells in the brain, leading to increased levels of IL12 and IL23, a diagnostic marker for neuropsychiatric SLE.
A new survey found that views on the January 6 Capitol attack can be predicted by support for Black Lives Matter and gun ownership, with BLM supporters more likely to label the rioters as extremists. White gun owners were significantly less likely to do so compared to non-gun owners.
Dr Andrea Baronchelli and colleagues warn that CBDCs could compromise individual privacy if not designed with adequate anonymity features. The researchers advocate for a public debate to address these concerns and ensure responsible design decisions.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers found that adults with abnormal heart metabolism are up to three times more likely to experience life-threatening arrhythmias. The study used MRI techniques to detect abnormal ATP levels and predict future sudden cardiac death.
Scientists successfully controlled and manipulated ultrafast electronic motion using a tandem undulator in a synchrotron light source. The technique enables researchers to study ultrafast phenomena in atomic and molecular processes on natural time scales.
Researchers examined precarity in employed adults and found that most fell into two categories: those doing well financially and those struggling. The study highlights the need for organizations to consider the long-term consequences of using precarious work arrangements, which can lead to a less healthy and less productive workforce.
Research by the American Psychological Association found that people significantly underestimate how much others will appreciate being reached out to. The study involved over 5,900 participants and explored the factors that affect appreciation for social connections.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed a new method to generate nano-sized plasma mist, which could be used in transdermal drug delivery systems. The method is safer than traditional electrostatic spray and has the potential to treat internal organs.
A study by Georgia State University researchers found that frequent video game players exhibit superior sensorimotor decision-making skills and increased brain activity compared to non-players. The study suggests that video games can be used for training in perceptual decision-making, with no trade-off between speed and accuracy.
New research models how post-viral fatigue syndromes like ME/CFS and Long COVID become life-changing diseases due to neuroinflammation. The study proposes a brain-body connection sustained through chronic neuroinflammation, leading to relapse recovery cycles.
Silvana Costa's research aims to identify cognitive dysfunction in acute traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) patients with co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study uses eye movements as a biomarker to diagnose dual diagnosis, which affects 25-60% of the tSCI population.
Researchers analyzed fossil corals to reveal changed ocean current circulation patterns. The data supports a scenario where the upper Pacific Ocean was more mixed during the last ice age, contributing to carbon storage and cooler climates.
Researchers at University of Limerick develop a new modelling approach to pharmaceutical manufacturing, combining process engineering, modelling, and data science to optimize processes at a molecular scale. This study aims to reduce time required to bring medicines to market for the benefit of patients and society.
A recent study published in CANCER found that adults with hematologic malignancies mounted immune responses after a COVID-19 booster dose, with 56% of nonresponders producing antibodies. However, the initial vaccine showed limited effectiveness, with only 48% of patients developing detectable antibodies.
A new study from Carnegie Mellon University found that drinking alone during adolescence and young adulthood increases the risk of alcohol use disorder later in life, especially for women. Solitary drinking is a unique and robust risk factor for future alcohol problems, according to lead author Kasey Creswell.
Researchers discovered that plant carnivory evolved from calcium molecules' dynamic movement within cells in response to touch from live prey. This finding broadens our understanding of how plants interact with their environments and may lead to the development of crops that can survive in challenging conditions.
Researchers developed a heart-healthy diet based on traditional Chinese cuisine that reduced sodium levels by half, increased dietary fiber, and cut fat intake. The study found significant blood pressure reductions among participants, with potential implications for cardiovascular disease prevention.
A new study found that the fourth COVID-19 vaccine reduces the risk of death among elderly individuals in long-term care facilities by 72%. The study, which included approximately 40,000 residents, also showed a significant reduction in hospitalizations and infections.
The Heart and Lung Research Institute (HLRI) at the University of Cambridge will bring together over 380 researchers and clinicians to tackle cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The institute aims to deliver high-impact research to drive breakthroughs in prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases, which represent...
A study by University of Sydney neuroscientists found that people's brains can detect AI-generated fake faces with a 54% accuracy rate. However, verbal identification was only successful 37% of the time, highlighting the potential for using brain activity to flag deepfakes on digital platforms.
Scientists analyzed nearly two decades of underwater recordings to find that the distinctive songs of Chagos pygmy blue whales have increased in frequency over time. This suggests that stocks of the sub-species may be on the rebound after being hunted to near-extinction in the 20th century.
A study of over 500,000 people found that those who always added salt to their food had a 28% increased risk of dying prematurely. This is equivalent to one more person in every hundred dying prematurely due to excessive salt intake.
Researchers warn that climate change will cause significant food losses in tropical coastal communities due to increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The study predicts greater losses for fisheries than agriculture, highlighting the need for climate change mitigation.
Researchers from the University of Turku have described seven new species of tropical ferns, including six from the genus Danaea and one from Dennstaedtia. The newly discovered species range from 20cm to 2m tall and offer insights into the biodiversity of Amazonian rainforests.
A new study has discovered the neuronal changes that occur during learning to improve discrimination of closely related visual images. Researchers found that experience-driven changes in neural activity enhance discriminations relevant to task performance at the expense of other related discriminations.
Researchers from University Hospitals developed a transfusion appropriateness algorithm to analyze blood transfusions for adult patients. The algorithm led to a decrease in transfusions and an increase in appropriate use, resulting in cost savings of $2.5 million over 12 months.
Bioengineers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences create first biohybrid model of human ventricles with helically aligned beating cardiac cells, increasing blood pumping efficiency by up to 50%. The model was made possible using Focused Rotary Jet Spinning (FRJS), a new method of additive textile manu...
The IPK research team has classified a key gene for cell division, highlighting its role in maintaining genome stability in plants. The study reveals that plant-specific duplicated genes have a significant impact on the centromere and kinetochore.
A team led by Northern Arizona University will investigate the tectonic and geodynamic processes controlling faulting, magmatism, and surface deformation in the Pacific Ocean. The research aims to better understand the asthenosphere's role in seismic and volcanic events.
A new study from the University of Washington found that sweetened beverage taxes redistribute dollars from higher- to lower-income households, providing a net economic benefit of $5.3 to $16.4 million per year to lower-income communities. The taxes also fund health programs and reduce consumption of unhealthy drinks.
A team of researchers at Max-Planck-Gesellschaft developed METIS, a modular software system for optimizing biological systems using machine learning. The tool allows users to optimize their already discovered or synthesized biological systems and can be used with different lab equipment.
Scientists studied mute and whooper swans, finding a trade-off between aggression and rest. The study suggests that providing enough foraging spots can reduce the need for aggression, allowing birds more time to rest.
A global team of experts identifies 15 emerging issues threatening marine and coastal biodiversity, including lithium extraction and deep-sea fishing. The horizon scan highlights the importance of assessing these issues now to drive policy change and protect ecosystems.
A team of researchers developed a mathematical model to simulate the impact of gene drives on mammal populations at a landscape scale. The X-shredder drive has been shown to potentially eradicate mice, rats, and rabbits, but with varying probabilities of success and eradication times ranging from 18 to 48 years.