Articles tagged with Innate Immunity
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A study found that chicken coops and sewage treatment plants are hotspots of antibiotic resistance, with bacteria sharing resistance genes through DNA exchange. This poses a risk to the food system and public health, particularly in developing countries where antibiotic use is high.
Scientists have developed a new gene-detecting technology that accurately pinpoints the location of disease resistance genes in large plant genomes. This has reduced the time it takes to clone these genes in wheat from five years to just two, enabling the creation of elite varieties with durable resistance to disease.
A high viral load is associated with a dampened inflammatory response in innate immune cells from HIV-infected individuals. Epigenetic modifications at the TNFα gene locus are observed in monocytes of patients with high virus levels.
A long-term study found a correlation between the use of animal manure and an increase in antibiotic-resistant genes in soil. Phasing out antibiotics led to a rapid decrease in resistant gene abundance, suggesting that stopping antibiotic use can help reduce resistance levels.
Bats have a unique ability to carry but remain unaffected by lethal diseases due to their constant immune response. The Australian black flying fox has only three interferons, which is a fraction of the number found in people, yet it can control viral infections that are lethal in humans.
Researchers have discovered a compound that induces genes to control infection in several known viruses, including West Nile and Ebola. The findings show promising evidence for creating a broad-spectrum antiviral that can suppress a range of RNA viruses.
Researchers have discovered that epigenomic changes induced by pathogen infections, mediated by a transcription factor called ATF7, are the underlying mechanism of innate immunological memory. This finding could increase our understanding of the hygiene hypothesis and lead to the development of more efficient vaccines.
Researchers discovered a significant increase in antibiotic resistance genes among Swedish exchange students returning from India and central Africa. The study highlights the role of human gut microbiomes in dispersing resistant bacteria, emphasizing the need for societal-level interventions to reduce further spread.
A team of researchers found that retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, is necessary for innate immune cells to find their proper place in the intestine. The study reveals the specific role vitamin A plays in the immune system and its influence on cell migration.
Researchers discovered HDL acts upon inflammatory processes by activating ATF3, downregulating chronic inflammation in macrophages. This finding suggests a molecular approach for treating inflammation in diseases like diabetes.
A multicenter study reveals critically ill children with influenza exhibit lower TNFα production capacity compared to healthy control subjects. This degree of reduction in capacity was highly predictive of death from the illness.
Researchers discovered that innate immune cells, particularly dendritic cells, trigger the activation of killer T-lymphocytes targeting pancreatic cells. The study sheds light on new ways to regulate the auto-immune reaction and offers potential therapeutic approaches for preventing Type 1 diabetes.
Infants with severe RSV disease may have a dysfunctional innate immune response that relates to the severity of their disease. Immune monitoring could help identify children at high-risk for severe disease, and may lead to the use of immune stimulant drugs to reverse innate immune suppression.
Mario Santiago has been awarded the ICAAC Young Investigator Award for his work on HIV research, particularly in understanding retroviral resistance genes and their mechanisms of action. His research has contributed significantly to the development of new approaches to HIV vaccine development.
Research published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that vitamin D supplementation can strengthen innate immunity against viral infections. The study found that vitamin D insufficiency is associated with impaired immune function and lower levels of toll-like receptor 7, which regulates immune responses to viruses.
Researchers from the University of Utah School have discovered that IFITM3 contributes to the body's defense against viral infections. The protein plays a critical role in the structural stability and function of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase), which regulates cellular waste disposal and pH levels.
Scientists have discovered a gene that regulates the function of Natural Killer cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system's first line of defense. By blocking this receptor, they found that NK cells become more effective at combating microorganisms and tumor cells, opening up new therapeutic possibilities.
A research team led by Bingyu Zhao from Virginia Tech has developed a strategy to introduce rust fungus resistance in switchgrass. The team plans to use genetic engineering and molecular biologists to transfer disease-resistant genes into the grass.
Researchers have discovered that plants and animals share remarkably similar mechanisms to detect molecular signatures of infectious organisms, which could lead to new treatments for human diseases. The study's findings highlight the potential for inter-specific transfer of engineered receptors to confer resistance to various pathogens.
A new study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests that our innate immune systems are a major contributor to chronic lung diseases like silicosis. Researchers found that mice with an inactive adaptive immune system developed more severe silicosis, highlighting the importance of reducing chronic inflammation.
Researchers have identified NLRC5 as a key regulator of two critical immune pathways, NF-κB and type I interferon signaling. Reducing NLRC5 levels leads to increased immune responses and antiviral immunity, highlighting its role in regulating innate immunity.
Scientists at Sainsbury Laboratory have discovered a new way to produce crops with broad-spectrum disease resistance using pattern recognition receptors. This breakthrough could lead to enhanced resistance in various crops, reducing yield losses and pesticide use.
Researchers found that individual amphibians can develop resistance to chytridiomycosis, a deadly fungal disease. Innate and acquired immunity play a role in fighting off the disease.
Researchers have identified the evolutionary origin of two genes, MDA-5 and RIG-I, which trigger the body's immune response to viral infections. These genes induce type I interferons, providing a unique mechanism for protection against viral infection.
A single VSOP protein can carry protons, regulating pH conditions during pathogen removal, and may aid in designing new medications for innate immunity enhancement.
Researchers found a small protein secreted by some fungal strains can suppress tomato disease resistance genes, but a third gene targets this protein, rendering the plant fully immune. The study provides a new strategy for durable disease control based on resistance gene combinations.
Matt Stremlau's research identified the factor responsible for blocking HIV-1 infection in Old World monkey cells, providing insights into innate immunity to viruses. The protein TRIM5alpha causes the rapid disassembly of the viral capsid core, rendering the virus ineffective.
A new study has discovered that a single gene in the codling moth can make it 100,000 times less susceptible to a granulovirus, used as an environmentally friendly means of biological crop protection. The virus resistance is inherited on the Z chromosome and can spread quickly through populations.
Researchers detected BlaKPC gene in Midwestern patients, indicating spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The gene's presence can impact treatment options and contain its spread through isolation.
Researchers have identified three key proteins that work together to execute plant innate immunity in the mustard weed Arabidopsis. These proteins are homologous to human spliceosome-associated components, suggesting potential parallels between animal and plant immune systems.
Researchers discover novel mechanism of gene-for-gene resistance in plant immune system, providing insights into enhancing crop yield and combating agricultural losses. The study reveals that the N resistance protein recognizes pathogen Avr proteins through a different region on its Toll-interleukin-1 receptor homology domain.
Researchers have identified a DNA marker that is 99% effective in flagging the presence of Lr34 and Yr18 rust resistance genes. This breakthrough enables breeders to quickly test seedlings for these genes, allowing them to incorporate durable rust resistance into new wheat varieties.
A team of scientists discovered a massive genomic island containing a large number of antibiotic resistance genes in the A. baumannii bacterium, which has become a major public health concern globally. The island was found to contain new and previously unknown resistance genes that have enabled the bacterium to acquire resistance quickly.
Scientists at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified a retroviral resistance gene that can help prevent HIV and other retroviruses from infecting cells. The discovery opens up new possibilities for developing treatments and therapies.
Researchers discovered a gene, Ipr1, on mouse chromosome 1 that influences innate immunity to tuberculosis and another intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. The study suggests that the human equivalent of Ipr1, SP110, may play a significant role in determining tuberculosis susceptibility.
A substance called poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid (PGA) has been shown to protect Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria from natural human defenses. The discovery could lead to new treatments for S. epidermidis infections, which can cause serious conditions like sepsis and endocarditis.
Researchers discovered that IRAK1 activates the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which may play a role in preventing excessive inflammation and contributing to plaque stability. This finding provides a new therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis.
Researchers have sequenced all 36 genes of novel receptors in zebrafish, which may be related to human natural killer cell function and provide insights into the transition from innate to adaptive immunity. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of infectious diseases and certain cancers.
Researchers discovered Cf-4 and Cf-9 resistance genes in wild tomato species, likely retained against the fungus C. fulvum.
Researchers discovered a specific Mlo gene fragment in the genome of mutant barley, which enables plants to resist powdery mildew. The mutation is believed to have occurred less than 10,000 years ago in Ethiopia, highlighting the importance of preserving crop diversity.
Researchers found that a harmless virus can mutate quickly and evade the immune system's defenses in mice with suppressed immunity. The study suggests that similar mutations may occur in humans with weakened immune systems, leading to severe disease.
Beutler's work uses forward genetics to study human genes used by the innate immune system. He identified a protein called Trif, which helps the body respond to viruses and bacteria.
A western American pasture grass crossed with wheat has improved resistance to Fusarium head blight, a disease causing major wheat crop losses and producing toxins that can be fatal to humans and animals. The hybrid plant's new resistance gene can be combined with other genes to enhance protection against the fungus.
Researchers discovered a new mouse virus that can help study human noroviruses, which cause 90% of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. The findings suggest that innate immunity is essential for fighting off the virus and have implications for commercial facilities using immune-deficient mice.
Scientists are developing an encyclopedia of innate immune system activity using systems biology approaches. This could lead to a better understanding of inflammation and its control, potentially revealing targets for new drugs. The study also explores the use of bioinformatics resources to support research on immune-mediated diseases.
The research aims to identify key players in the innate immune system and study gene expression patterns triggered by microbial invasion. The grant will support a systems biology approach to understand how the system behaves as a whole, ultimately informing novel hypotheses.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have identified a common immune system pathway shared by humans and worms, which could lead to therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases and other conditions. The study uses the C. elegans nematode worm as a model organism to investigate innate immunity.
Researchers at UCSD School of Medicine have found that the DNA-repair enzyme DNA-PK also plays a key role in innate immunity, protecting against internal and external threats. The discovery could lead to treatments for DNA instability caused by radiation or cancer treatment.