Articles tagged with T Cell Activation
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Researchers at University of Bristol found that Long Covid is not caused by an immune inflammatory reaction to COVID-19. Instead, persistent immune activation and inflammation may persist for months after COVID-19, correlating with severe disease. The study suggests a new direction for understanding and potentially treating this debili...
Scientists found that CXCL13-mediated recruitment of B cells helps predict response to immunotherapy treatment. This cooperation between T cells and B cells is associated with improved survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.
A study published in Cell Reports found that saturated fatty acids promote the immune escape of oral cancers in mouse models. Obesity helps establish a type of tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor progression by suppressing STING-type-I interferon pathway and NLRC3.
Researchers found that T cells can self-activate by puckering their cell membrane, boosting function and slowing tumor growth in a mouse model. This discovery could inspire new anti-tumor therapeutics and provide insights into treating autoimmune diseases.
A new study finds that rare helper T cells called Th9 can drive allergic disease and may hold the key to precision medicine approaches for treating severe allergies. Th9 cells are activated by specific transcription factors and can produce inflammatory cytokines without antigen stimulation.
A study published in Communications Biology suggests that gut bacteria's digestion of fucose sugar may be behind weaker immune responses to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Individuals with lower T-cell responses had higher expression of genes FOS and ATF3, which are part of a larger group controlling T-cell survival and activity.
Research suggests that high doses of sucralose can lower activation of T-cells, an important component of the immune system, in mice. This finding could lead to a new way of using sucralose therapeutically to help dampen T-cell responses in patients with autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered over 500 non-canonical protein-derived peptides that could be recognized by T-cells, but found no spontaneous immune response. Three novel T-cell receptors were identified for specific non-canonical HLA-I tumor ligands with promising tumor specificity.
Researchers found that immunotherapy can activate tumor-fighting T cells in nearby lymph nodes, potentially boosting efficacy against solid tumors. The study suggests leaving lymph nodes intact until after immunotherapy could improve treatment outcomes for patients with head and neck cancers.
Researchers discovered polyphenol PCB2DG reduces inflammatory responses by inhibiting glutamine uptake in CD4+ T cells, promoting gene expression to synthesize amino acids. The study's findings offer potential for dietary polyphenol treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Researchers discovered that combining ferroptosis induction with immune checkpoint inhibition reduces liver tumour growth and metastases, offering a promising new approach for treating liver cancer
Researchers have discovered that cancer patients who don't respond to immunotherapy often lack CD5+ dendritic cells, which are essential for effective T cell activity. Boosting these cells may help more patients benefit from immunotherapy.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute discovered a new way to activate dendritic cells, which can produce strong anti-tumor immunity. The approach uses an oncolytic virus expressing CD40 ligand and IFNβ, reducing tumor size and activating immune cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science discovered β-damascone, a natural aroma compound found in rose fragrance, modulates dendritic cell functions and reduces inflammatory cytokine production. The study showed β-damascone inhibits antigen-dependent activation and Th1 cell development, as well as ear inflammation in mice models.
Researchers at Uppsala University developed a prognostic method using a combination of immune cells to provide clearer disease prognoses and predict which patients will respond best to immunotherapy. The method was shown to be associated with patient fate in several types of cancer.
A team of scientists led by Thomas Blankenstein presents a mechanism that prevents the immune response from overshooting its mark. The KRKR motif, a short sequence of four amino acids, is crucial in binding to connective tissue and preventing interferon-gamma from spreading throughout the body.
Researchers have discovered that inhibiting conventional signalling pathway by disrupting LCK allows more efficient tumour cell killing, using FYN protein instead. This approach enhances T-cell function and reduces graft-versus-host disease, making CAR-T therapy more accessible to patients.
Researchers developed a new way to increase vaccine potency by changing the structural location of antigens and adjuvants. This approach, called 'rational vaccinology,' allows for precise dosing and tailored presentation of vaccine components, leading to improved immune response and cancer cell targeting.
Researchers from Nara Institute of Science and Technology found that alveolar macrophages act as antigen-presenting cells to prime CD8+ T cell expansion in the lungs. This process involves the production of interleukin 18, leading to the development of resident memory-type cell populations.
A Northwestern University study found that as people age, their cerebrospinal fluid immune system becomes dysregulated, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. The discovery provides a new clue to the process of neurodegeneration and may potentially be used to treat inflammation of the brain.
Researchers at UNIGE and LMU discovered that immune system's anti-tumour activity peaks in the morning. Tumours implanted at night grew faster than those implanted in the afternoon. Administering immunotherapy treatments early morning significantly enhanced their effectiveness, suggesting a new strategy for cancer treatment.
Scientists conducted whole-body PET scans using a radioactively labeled antibody tracer against CD8+ T-cells before and after starting immune checkpoint inhibitors. The results showed heterogeneous and dynamic responses among patients, revealing the complexity of the immunotherapy response.
Researchers have discovered a way to predict the course of ALS by measuring immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid. A high proportion of effector T cells is associated with low survival rates, while activated regulatory T cells indicate a protective role against rapid disease progression.
Researchers identified specific immune cells driving deadly heart inflammation in cancer immunotherapy patients, and found that CD8 T cells target the heart muscle. The study's findings have led to investigations into preventing or treating this form of myocarditis, a common but fatal side effect of ICIs.
The study found that protein kinase CK2 plays a key role in regulating CD8+ T cell activation, metabolic reprogramming and differentiation during infection by the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In mouse models, deletion of the CK2α catalytic subunit impaired CD8+ T cell function.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint blockade therapy may be beneficial for certain cases of severe COVID-19. In pre-clinical trials, treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor restored T cell functionality and reduced inflammation in mice infected by MHV-A59, another betacoronavirus.
A new study found that the organization of different types of immune cells within pancreatic tumors is associated with patient outcomes. Immune cells called IL-10+ myelomonocytes tend to be located close to specific T cell types, which may affect cancer treatment responses.
A new study found that a protein called apoptosis inhibitor five (API5) protects most people with the mutation linked to Crohn's disease from developing the illness. Norovirus infection blocks API5 production in mice with Crohn's, killing gut-lining cells and tipping the balance towards autoimmune disease.
Researchers have discovered the molecular mechanism that controls MR1, a protein responsible for alerting white blood cells to bacterial infections or cancer. By regulating MR1's activation, the immune response can be stimulated or inhibited, offering new potential for harnessing and controlling immunity.
Researchers captured first image of antigen-bound T-cell receptor complex with bound antigen at atomic resolution. The study reveals no significant structural changes in the receptor after antigen binding, sparking further investigation into the signaling pathway activation mechanism.
A recent international study has shed light on the inner workings of the adaptive immune response, revealing how killer T cells recognize viral invaders using molecular road signs. The study highlights the crucial role of chaperones in ensuring the stability and longevity of these road signs, allowing for more effective detection and d...
Researchers developed a rapid blood assay that measures the magnitude and duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2, allowing large-scale monitoring of population immunity. The test takes less than 24 hours to perform and is scalable to use broadly in the population.
Researchers identified 127 genes associated with immune diseases, providing new insights into the sequence and timing of gene activity during T cell activation. The study used single-cell RNA sequencing technology to map the timing of gene activity for each cell subtype in the T cell activation process.
A new study by University of Southampton researchers found that a third COVID-19 vaccination improves immune responses in blood cancer patients. The study showed that 92% of patients without recent anti-CD20 treatment had improved antibody responses after the third dose.
In an animal study, researchers created an implantable biotechnology called MASTER that produces and releases CAR-T cells for attacking cancerous tumors. This technology reduces the manufacturing time from weeks to hours, increasing efficiency and effectiveness.
Researchers discovered a link between the immune system and microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a liver disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease. MAIT cells activated by bile-derived pathogens could play an important role in PSC pathophysiology, offering potential new treatment implications.
Researchers found that sequencing drug combinations can enhance the anti-tumor immune response in liver cancer, potentially reducing toxic drug exposure. The new strategy primes the tumor with an immune checkpoint inhibitor before using a multikinase inhibitor, enhancing its effectiveness.
A team of researchers at MedUni Vienna's Center for Physiology and Pharmacology has discovered a key building block in immune cells that promotes immunotolerance and prevents T-cell attacks on the body's own tissues. The study suggests a potential new cell-based therapeutic approach to slow down autoimmune disease progression.
Researchers used identical twins to exclude genetic influences and track immune system changes responsible for triggering multiple sclerosis. The study found that an error in the communication of immune cells leads to greater activation of T cells, causing damage in the central nervous system.
A new study found that calorie restriction improves metabolic and immune responses, generating more T cells to fight off infections and improve energy efficiency. This could lead to a potential treatment to reduce age-related inflammation and improve metabolic health.
A novel approach may reduce the serious adverse effect of cytokine release syndrome associated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Supressing interferon gamma (IFNγ) appears to prevent activation of macrophages and other immune cells that drive the syndrome without impacting CAR T-cell efficacy.
Researchers mapped how HTLV-1 transforms T-cells into cancerous cells, revealing the virus over-activates them and makes them more vulnerable to DNA damage. This study provides new directions for potential treatments to prevent cancer development.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that activate key cancer fighters by driving up immunity at the tumor site, improving interactions with antibody therapies. The technique left six of 10 mice with lymphoma tumor-free and was effective in melanoma when combined with existing immune response amplifiers.
Researchers found that asthma causes immune cells to behave in a way that prevents brain tumor growth, suggesting a potential new therapeutic approach. The findings suggest reprogramming T cells to act like those in asthma patients could be a new treatment for brain tumors.
An international research team discovered a new rare disease caused by a disrupted Helios-dependent epigenetic regulation mechanism, leading to T and B cell defects. The study highlights the importance of Helios in immune homeostasis and suggests potential therapeutic targets for immunodeficiency and malignancy.
Researchers found that antihistamines improve responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients, particularly those with pre-existing allergies or high plasma histamine levels. The study suggests targeting the histamine receptor HRH1 may be a useful treatment approach.
Researchers found that activated neutrophils release proteins like galectin-9, triggering chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Early screening for HIV is crucial, and finding ways to reduce negative effects of the infection could be key to improving outcomes.
Researchers found that certain T cells stop working before entering the tumor due to changes in gene expression, making ICB therapies less effective. Combining ICB with other forms of immunotherapy targeting different aspects of T cell function may improve response rates for non-small cell lung cancer patients.
ImCheck's ICT01 selectively activates Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through all three isoforms of BTN3A, overcoming prior limitations. The therapy demonstrates anti-tumor activity in solid and hematologic cancer models.
Researchers identified a new cell type in human skin contributing to AD and psoriasis, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. The study revealed CD14+ type 3 dendritic cells co-producing IL1B and IL23A, essential for PSO pathogenesis.
Research at TUM has discovered that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is caused by auto-aggressive immune cells. These cells destroy liver tissue when exposed to inflammation signals and products of fat metabolism, leading to NASH. New therapies may be developed to target this destructive immune response.
A new study reveals unique immune features of severe pediatric COVID-19, including increased activation of killer T cells and prolonged B cell frequencies. These findings may inform treatments for severe COVID-19 in children.
A potential preventative treatment for Crohn's disease has been demonstrated using a triple-punch treatment to remove T memory cells and increase T regulatory cells, preventing colitis in both mouse models and patient cells. This treatment approach may offer a new immunotherapy to prevent or ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease.
Researchers developed DNA-based nanovaccines that stimulate killer T cell immunity, resulting in tumor control. The synthetic vaccines enhanced CD8 T cell activation and induced muscle cell apoptosis, attracting macrophage infiltration and activating immune responses.
A novel acidic niche in lymph nodes regulates T cell activation, suppressing effector functions that could damage the system. The findings highlight the importance of localized acidosis in shaping T cell biology.
Rice University researchers suggest that T cell relaxation time is key to immune response, explaining how invaders prompt the immune system. The approach helps explain why T cells can react so fast and selectively, despite self-ligand imposters outnumbering invaders by a factor of 100,000.
Researchers at Temple University Health System aim to understand immunological synapse formation and its impact on T-cell activation. They will focus on the role of molecules like STIM1 and septins in shaping immune responses.
Researchers found that manipulating cellular metabolism can modulate the balance between pathogenic Th17 and regulatory T cells in chronic autoimmune disorders. A mouse model showed that inhibition of mitochondrial OXPHOS delays disease onset and reduces severity, promoting the generation of suppressive Treg cells.
Cancer cells use a camouflaging effect to escape the immune system by binding to SHP2 and PD1, activating a response switch-off mechanism. Researchers at the University of Freiburg and Leibniz University Hannover have identified this protein interaction as a target area for new treatments.
Researchers at UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered a way to regulate co-stimulatory molecules in genetically engineered immune cells, allowing for the fine-tuning of CAR-T activity. This could lead to improved therapeutic strategies against blood cancers and potentially solid tumors.