Articles tagged with Type 2 Diabetes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study by UC San Diego researchers reveals that the pancreatic protein Nkx6.1 is crucial for regulating insulin biosynthesis and secretion in beta cells. The study found that impaired Nkx6.1 levels contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, leading to rapid onset of diabetes in mice.
Researchers link brain atrophy to cognitive decline in Type 2 diabetes, challenging previous assumptions. Brain atrophy is found to be the primary cause of cognitive impairment associated with T2DM, exceeding cerebrovascular lesions.
A variant of FGF21, LY2405319, has been shown to improve metabolism in obese humans with type 2 diabetes by reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. The hormone also reduced body weight and fasting insulin, and increased adiponectin.
A new study found that consuming at least two servings of whole fruits, particularly blueberries, grapes, and apples, lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes. In contrast, drinking one or more servings of fruit juice daily increases diabetes risk.
A team led by Dr. Aleksandar Jeremic will investigate the molecular and biochemical events leading to amylin aggregation, a key factor in type 2 diabetes. Their research may lead to new treatments for the disease by preventing amylin toxicity.
A study led by Harvard School of Public Health identified a novel genetic variant associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in people with type 2 diabetes. The finding suggests that the genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease may be different among those with and without diabetes.
A genetic locus on chromosome 1q25 has been identified as associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The variant affects glutamic acid metabolism and was specifically linked to CHD risk in diabetic patients, suggesting a mechanistic link.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study reveals that prescribing atypical antipsychotic medications to children with behavioral problems or mood disorders triples their risk of developing type 2 diabetes within a year. The risk persists even after medication discontinuation.
A new scoring system developed by researchers allows clinicians to predict the risk of dementia in older people with type 2 diabetes. The scores are based on six health complications, education, and age, accurately predicting patients' risk of developing dementia.
Researchers created the first risk score predicting 10-year dementia risk for type 2 diabetes patients based on medical history and electronic health records. The Diabetes-Specific Dementia Risk Score assigns a value to eight predictive factors, including microvascular disease and diabetic foot.
A Mediterranean-style diet and diets low in available carbohydrates can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Patients with a high Mediterranean diet score (MDS) were 12% less likely to develop diabetes than those with the lowest MDS, while those with the highest available carbohydrate intake were 21% more likely.
Eating a healthy diet has been found to lower the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. Moderate alcohol intake also reduced the risk of CKD, while high sodium intake was not associated with increased risk.
Four research projects, including insulin gene therapy and a revolutionary sensor platform, will receive funding from the Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics to develop new therapies for diabetes management and prevention. The selected researchers were awarded $2 million in total.
A study by Professor Lesley Campbell and Dr Arthur Jenkins reveals that rare genetic defects are responsible for most of the problem with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The researchers found that many genes are involved, each contributing a unique genetic story, making it difficult to develop a single anti-obesity drug or treatment.
A study suggests that rapid economic growth between 1950 and 1980 may have contributed to the high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the American South. The 'thrifty phenotype' hypothesis proposes that children who grow up in poverty are unprepared biologically to manage the abundance of processed foods and sedentary lifestyle associate...
Researchers identified two genes, HKDC1 and BACE2, associated with glucose and insulin levels in pregnant women but not in the general population. This study suggests that genetic risk profiles could one day identify individuals at elevated risk for developing gestational diabetes.
A study by Boston Children's researchers found that the small intestine plays a crucial role in glucose regulation and resolves type 2 diabetes in rats after gastric bypass surgery. The intestine utilizes GLUT-1 to take glucose from circulation, swiftly stabilizing blood glucose levels.
A new systematic review and meta-analysis found that people with diabetes are at least 50% more likely to develop physical disability. The study also showed a significant association between diabetes and functional disability, including impaired mobility and ability to perform daily activities.
Researchers have discovered a protein, Neu1, that regulates insulin signaling in body cells, potentially helping to prevent type 2 diabetes. The study's findings, published in the journal Diabetes, suggest that restoring Neu1 levels and function could improve insulin absorption, reducing the need for insulin therapy.
A new study found that morbidly obese patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery experienced a decrease in the activity of genes tied to asthma, suggesting a potential link between obesity and asthma. The study also found higher concentrations of inflammatory compounds in obese individuals.
Researchers found that patients with pre-diabetes who lose 10% or more of their body weight have an 85% reduction in risk of developing diabetes within three years. Lifestyle changes can bring blood sugar levels back to normal, reducing the risk of progression to type 2 disease.
A new study found that DNA abnormalities, specifically clonal mosaic events, are more common in people with type 2 diabetes than the general population. This increase in CMEs may partly explain why individuals with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of blood cancers like lymphoma and leukaemia.
Researchers found that excessive PKC beta in endothelial cells exacerbates atherosclerosis, a condition where blood vessel walls thicken due to fatty deposits. This inhibition leads to decreased nitric oxide production, increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
A study led by the University of Exeter found that 27% of over-70s with type 2 diabetes achieved better glycaemic control through individualized care alone. Researchers introduced a 'one-size-fits-all' approach for older patients, which proved ineffective due to multiple complications.
Joslin scientists found that salsalate effectively lowers blood glucose and improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. The study involved 286 participants with inadequately controlled diabetes, who showed significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c levels and fasting glucose concentration.
Salsalate shows promise as a type 2 diabetes treatment, reducing A1C and fasting blood glucose levels, but increases risk of hypoglycemia. Black men are less likely to have advanced colorectal neoplasia found at screening than white men, with disparities attributed to access and modifiable risk factors.
A new study published in Radiology found that moderate-intensity exercise significantly decreases fat volume in the abdomen, liver, and around the heart in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that exercise can reduce cardiovascular risk by targeting specific fat deposits.
A pilot study found that vitamin D supplementation significantly lowered blood pressure and improved moods in women with type 2 diabetes and symptoms of depression. Vitamin D also helped the women lose weight. The study suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be a valuable treatment option for these women.
A 11-year study found significant weight loss in the intervention group, but no reduction in cardiovascular disease risks. Participants who lost more weight experienced improved health benefits such as better blood sugar control and reduced risk factors.
Researchers developed a new risk assessment scoring system that better identifies high-risk adults, especially African Americans, for developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. The scoring system considers sex and racial-ethnic differences, leading to earlier prevention and treatment.
A large-scale study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that consuming more red meat over time increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. The research followed over 149,000 participants and documented a 48% elevated risk for those who increased their red meat intake by more than 0.50 servings per day.
Researchers at the University of Exeter Medical School have diagnosed a rare condition, MDP Syndrome, in Paralympic hopeful Tom Staniford through genetic sequencing. The discovery may help Tom's bid to participate in the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games and improve understanding of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that short post-meal walks were as effective at reducing blood sugar over 24 hours as a 45-minute sustained walk. The most effective time for walking was after the evening meal, which helped curb high blood sugar levels that often last into the night and early morning.
A new study from Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center suggests that cardiovascular disease (CVD) plays a role in cognitive decline before it is clinically apparent in patients with type 2 diabetes. The research found that CVD risk factors, such as calcified plaque and vascular status, contribute to type 2 diabetes-related cognitive decline.
Adding gastric bypass surgery to lifestyle and medical management improved metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients, particularly those who experienced significant weight loss. The study found that 43% of the gastric bypass group achieved an HbA1c level of less than 7%, compared to 32% in the lifestyle-medical management group.
A recent study found that night work can significantly impair glucose tolerance, increasing the risk of Type 2 diabetes among shift workers. The research showed peak glucose levels were 16% higher during night shifts compared to day shifts.
Leading diabetes expert argues that 'Type 2 diabetes' is a category error, implying an entity that doesn't exist. This mislabeling has led to sub-optimal treatment for patients. Professor Edwin Gale proposes replacing the term with 'idiopathic hyperglycaemia', emphasizing individualized treatments based on varied causes.
A new study finds that soccer training significantly improves the flexibility of the heart, reducing blood pressure and increasing exercise capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study also shows reduced need for medication and improved physical condition.
Children who develop Type 2 diabetes are at high risk for early complications, including heart and kidney problems. The study found that young patients were more likely to develop hypertension and fatty liver due to obesity.
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that fish oil supplementation modestly increases adiponectin levels in the bloodstream. This hormone is associated with lower risk of diabetes and heart disease. The study suggests potential benefits of fish oil consumption on glucose control and fat cell metabolism.
Researchers at the University of North Carolina will assess three types of blood sugar home testing approaches on patient outcomes in a community-based clinic setting. The study aims to inform better, evidence-based decisions about glucose monitoring for patients with type 2 diabetes not treated with insulin.
Harvard researchers have discovered a novel hormone that regulates glucose production in the liver, offering new avenues for treating type 2 diabetes. The study found that switching off this hormone improves glucose metabolism, providing a potential therapeutic target.
Researchers created a new mouse model to study the development of type 2 diabetes, using middle-aged mice fed fatty food until old age. The study confirmed that inflammation in pancreatic islets leads to the disease, while DPP-4 inhibitors maintain good insulin production and prevent inflammation.
A recent study at Lund University has discovered a key factor behind gastric bypass surgery's ability to rapidly send type 2 diabetes into remission. The researchers found that insulin levels and intestinal hormones increase significantly after the procedure, suggesting a new potential treatment avenue for diabetes patients.
Researchers found that gastric bypass surgery increases insulin and GLP-1 levels after meals, helping patients manage type 2 diabetes. The study used catheters to mimic pre-operative digestion and compared hormonal activity post-surgery.
Green tea extract was shown to reduce body weight gain and insulin resistance in mice, especially when combined with polyethylene glycol. This compound prolonged gallated catechin absorption, limiting glucose uptake and improving glucose tolerance.
Researchers at Harvard University have discovered a hormone called betatrophin that increases insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells by up to 30 times the normal rate. This could lead to a more natural regulation of insulin and reduced complications associated with diabetes.
A new study published in Diabetologia suggests that consuming one 12oz serving of sugar-sweetened soft drinks daily can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 22% in European populations. The research found a statistically significant association between artificially sweetened soft drink consumption and an increased risk of...
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Children's Center found that a previously minor protein called EPAC2 plays a central role in regulating insulin production. The study suggests that targeting EPAC2 with drugs could potentially restore pancreatic cell function and reverse Type 2 diabetes.
A study published in the BMJ found that a 5kg population-wide weight loss resulted in a significant reduction in Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality. The Cuban experience of rapid weight loss during economic crisis demonstrates the potential health benefits of reversing the global obesity epidemic.
A Danish study found that patients who tailor their own treatment in cooperation with their doctor can reduce their risk of complications, including heart attacks, with up to 20%. The study also shows that taking individual needs into consideration is crucial when treating patients with multiple diseases.
A new study found that higher levels of mercury exposure in young adults increase their risk for type 2 diabetes later in life. The study, led by Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington epidemiologist Ka He, established the link between mercury and diabetes in humans.
Researchers found that a restrictive diet following bariatric surgery leads to rapid improvements in blood glucose levels. The study's findings suggest that controlling food intake is key to successful diabetes remission.
Researchers found an independent association between decreased melatonin secretion and increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was associated with increased insulin resistance in women, doubling their estimated diabetes incidence rate compared to those with higher melatonin secretion.
A new study from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that low nocturnal melatonin secretion levels are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study, which accounted for other established risk factors, suggests that melatonin plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism and risk of diabetes.
A new study by Lund University researchers has found that epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, can influence the function of insulin-producing cells and alter genetic risk variants for type 2 diabetes. The findings suggest that these modifications may play a key role in the development of the disease.
A study from Boston University School of Medicine reveals that B cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting insulin resistance and directly regulating inflammatory T cells. This discovery supports the exploration of FDA-approved B cell depletion drugs as novel agents to prevent obesity-associated inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that ranolazine, an anti-anginal drug, significantly reduced weekly episodes of chest pain in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study also showed that the drug had a more pronounced effect on reducing angina frequency in patients with poorer glucose control.
A recent study found that women with gestational diabetes are at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes, with a significant defect in insulin secretion identified as a key factor. The study's findings indicate that up to half of Asian women who had gestational diabetes may develop Type 2 diabetes within eight years of giving birth.
New research suggests that reducing sedentary time by 90 minutes per day can lead to significant health benefits for individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study found that sedentary time was more strongly associated with cardiometabolic markers than total physical activity or vigorous exercise.