Articles tagged with Genetic Recombination
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center discovered that inflexible DNA within nucleosomes regulates the positioning of INO80, a chromatin remodeling complex. This unique mechanism allows INO80 to position itself on the surface of nucleosomes at the right location.
A landmark study reveals that a specific event guides the accurate distribution of chromosomes in egg and sperm cells, ensuring unique gene combinations. The research sheds light on fertility issues and potential treatments, with implications for human reproduction.
Researchers at Stowers Institute for Medical Research have identified the precise location where human chromosomes break and recombine to form Robertsonian chromosomes. The study reveals that repetitive DNA sequences play a central role in genome organization and evolution, explaining how these rearrangements form and remain stable.
Researchers at the University of Sydney developed a biological 'artificial intelligence' system called PROTEUS, which can accelerate cycles of evolution and natural selection to create molecules with new functions in weeks. The system has potential applications in finding new medicines and improving gene editing technology like CRISPR.
Researchers have revealed the structural mechanisms of a major DNA repair pathway in human cells, showing how RAD51 filament promotes strand exchange and facilitates DNA repair. The study provides fundamental insights into biochemical reactions of eukaryotic homologous recombination.
A new study found that recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) capsids contain single-stranded DNA impurities derived from plasmid and host cell DNA. The researchers suggest that the adverse effects of these impurities may differ from those of double-stranded DNA, highlighting the need for further evaluation.
Researchers at the Arc Institute have discovered a novel bispecific guide RNA, the bridge recombinase mechanism, which enables precise and powerful tool to recombine and rearrange DNA in a programmable way. The system can insert any desirable genetic cargo into any genomic location with high efficiency and specificity.
Researchers analyzed genome of Oikopleura dioica, finding it has wildly different languages despite identical physical characteristics. The 'scrambling' phenomenon suggests genes are regulated differently, challenging assumptions about species identity.
A study on ruff (Calidris pugnax) found a surprisingly low mutation load in the supergene controlling male mating strategies, forcing a reevaluation of supergene evolution. The researchers propose two potential scenarios to resolve this paradox: recent acquisition of recessive lethality or introgression from another species.
Researchers from Nagoya University found that electric eel discharges can genetically modify small fish larvae, demonstrating the potential for electroporation in nature. The study's findings suggest that electric fields can affect gene transfer in organisms, leading to new insights into genetic modification.
The Cre-LoxP system's specificity is compromised due to non-specific promoters driving Cre expression, leading to inaccurate results. This limitation requires careful consideration for proper interpretation of experimental outcomes.
A new Australian study suggests harnessing genomic surveillance technology can detect the rise of deadly 'superbugs', slowing their evolution and spread to improve global health outcomes. The study highlights the need for a multifaceted 'One Health' approach to surveillance, with practical recommendations for implementation.
Researchers from Leicester and Nottingham universities have received £600,000 funding to study sexual development and gene shuffling in the malaria parasite. The study aims to uncover new targets for therapies to control disease transmission.
The new gap-free PN_T2T genome has significantly improved contig N50 length and filled gaps, enabling better exploration of agronomic traits. The genome reveals key genes and gene clusters related to plant defense mechanisms, water stress response, and salt tolerance.
A new study reveals that the protein complex BCDX2 plays a critical role in DNA repair, suggesting mutations in this complex could lead to cancer. The research also highlights the importance of screening for mutations in people with a family history of breast and ovarian cancers.
Researchers from UTHSC have made a foundational discovery about chromosome biology through their work on the first-ever human pangenome reference. The draft pangenome uses complete genome assemblies to provide a diverse look at the genetic makeup of humans, shedding light on variation in parts of the genome that could not be seen before.
Researchers develop PrimeRoot, a tool for efficient and precise targeted insertion of large DNA segments in plants, achieving efficiencies up to 6% and inserting segments up to 11.1 kb.
A study by Indian Institute of Science researchers found that enhanced recombination in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant resulted in new mutations affecting viral proteins, particularly those involved in host-cell binding. These mutations enabled the virus to evade immune defenses and infect host cells more efficiently.
New research reveals that bat virus relatives of MERS-CoV efficiently bind to bat ACE2 receptors as an entry point into cells. However, these viruses only weakly bind to human ACE2 cell receptors and are not known to cause disease outbreaks in people.
Researchers at IMBA found that Kipferl helps distribute Rhino to piRNA clusters, avoiding sequestration to Satellite arrays. This control mechanism ensures the effective silencing of jumping genes and maintains genome stability.
The study proposes a new statistical method to analyse population admixture, enabling more accurate determination of migration wave timing. The authors applied this method to Colombians and Mexicans, revealing two episodes of admixture in different time periods.
Researchers found that domesticated rye has smaller recombining regions, making it less resistant to climate change. In contrast, wild rye has a more diverse genetic makeup and can freely recombine its genetic material.
Researchers have discovered a selfish genetic element, known as Segregation Distorter (SD), that skews genetic inheritance. SD has caused dramatic changes in chromosome organization and genetic diversity, leading to the accumulation of deleterious mutations.
Researchers have identified a new strain of the myxoma virus that has enabled it to leap from European rabbits to Iberian hares, causing lethal disease in both species. The study suggests that this viral adaptation may also improve the virus's ability to replicate in human cancer cells.
Researchers attribute vaccine effectiveness to mutations shared with previous variants, resulting in relatively small severe cases and deaths among vaccinated patients. The study analyzed over 200,000 genomes and found identical mutations that could serve as targets for future vaccines.
Researchers from Hokkaido University have proposed a framework to clarify the distinction between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genome-edited organisms (GEOs). The framework considers scientific, ethical, and social factors to determine whether an organism is a GMO or GEO. The proposal aims to enhance regulatory reliability...
Researchers discovered azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from a tulip bulb have genetic recombination and resistance to multiple fungicide classes. Plant bulbs serve as an ideal niche for the pathogens to evolve their resistance, posing a global health threat.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified DNA markers that determine grape flower sex and pinpointed the genetic origins of the perfect flower. This study provides breeders with a tool to screen seedlings for flower sex, reducing waste and increasing efficiency in breeding programs.
Researchers at KIT have successfully modified gene sequences on a chromosome using CRISPR/Cas, enabling controlled inheritance. This breakthrough could revolutionize crop cultivation by eliminating genetic obstacles and introducing desirable traits.
Researchers found nearly identical viral genomes in glacier surface water from Arctic and Alps locations, suggesting a genetic 'fruit machine' process that creates diversity. This discovery challenges conventional understanding of virus evolution and highlights the importance of understanding viral interactions with hosts.
Researchers discovered that plant pathogens like Phytophthora infestans reorder the physical structures of effectors to escape plant recognition. This allows them to persist in plants and evade integrated resistance strategies.
Research reveals that small chromosomes have a higher rate of DNA double-strand breaks to ensure proper recombination and segregation. This 'boost' helps explain how small chromosomes punch above their weight, ensuring recombination on every chromosome.
Researchers analyzed genome assemblies of 20 butterfly species and found a high amount of gene flow among them, even between distantly related species. This challenges the idea that species are fixed entities and suggests hybridization as a key process in biological diversity.
A Clemson University researcher is developing genetically improved perennial grasses that can thrive with less water and serve as a sustainable fuel source. The goal is to create more stress-resistant plants through molecular strategies, including site-specific DNA recombination systems.
Researchers identified a helicase gene, ReqQ, involved in gene conversion and crossover frequency, the first of its kind in plants. This breakthrough may help breeders break up linked regions, increasing desirable genes without sacrificing vital plant functions.
Researchers develop TIGER mouse to track information-rich particles in brain, revealing new cell types releasing extracellular vesicles. The study aims to generate an atlas for diagnosing and treating various diseases.
Researchers sequenced a large portion of the fruit fly Y chromosome, discovering duplicated sequences and gene conversion mechanisms that enable genes to survive on the often-misunderstood Y chromosome. This new understanding challenges traditional views of the Y chromosome as a 'genetic wasteland',
Scientists at deCODE genetics in Iceland have published the first genetic map of the human genome developed using whole-genome sequence data. The study reveals that recombination and de novo mutation are linked mechanisms generating human diversity.
Scientists have identified a new DNA recombination process in Alzheimer's disease brains, producing thousands of previously unknown gene variations. The process, requiring an enzyme found in HIV, may hold a key to developing new treatments for the disease.
Researchers found a gene, MEI-218, that controls the rate of recombination in two species of fruit flies. The discovery sheds light on how crossover rates have evolved to balance benefits and risks, with implications for understanding genetic diversity and evolutionary adaptation.
Researchers have developed a new sowing approach for coral reef restoration, allowing for the handling of large numbers of corals in a short amount of time at significantly lower costs. The approach minimizes costs and time required for outplanting corals by settling larvae on specifically designed substrates.
Researchers discovered Rrm3 protein's role in repairing breaks during DNA replication, a process crucial for preventing genetic instability and cancer. This finding sheds light on the physiological mechanisms that prevent genetic instability.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have mapped where genetic recombination occurs in fruit flies, providing insights into understanding chromosomes and inheritance mechanisms. The study reveals separate mechanisms for crossovers and non-crossovers, with varying distributions and rules for each chromosome arm.
A recent study published in Science used GemCode technology to analyze the biomedical consequences of adult humans with gene knockouts. The research revealed that PRDM9 redundancy in humans suggests that the gene may not be essential for human life, challenging previous assumptions.
The honeybee queen uses polyandry to mate with multiple drones and recombination to maintain genetic variation. High recombination rates help the colony adapt to environmental changes.
Researchers found a possible link between maternal age and abnormal chromosome numbers, which can cause birth defects like Down syndrome. The study used genetic data from over 4,000 families and found that the shuffling process of parental chromosomes becomes less regulated with age.
Researchers found a small but significant effect of gene conversion bias on the persistence of heritable diseases in populations. The study suggests that this bias may contribute to the retention of disease-associated alleles, increasing the risk of recessive diseases across populations.
Scientists at Brown University have finally rendered the elusive viral 'machine' architecture of the lambda virus, mapping protein-DNA interactions that enable its genetic recombination mechanisms. The team's groundbreaking work provides a detailed understanding of how the virus integrates and extracts DNA from host cells.
Scientists have found that bacteria can undergo two distinct types of recombination, which enables them to evade vaccines and become drug-resistant. The study, published in PLoS Genetics, used DNA sequencing data to reconstruct an evolutionary tree for pneumococcus bacteria.
Research from York University suggests that worker bees' genes are shuffled frequently, allowing natural selection to build a better bee. This genetic 'remix' enables the evolution of charismatic and cooperative behaviors in honey bees.
Researchers sequenced 91 human sperm from one man, revealing the whole-genome sequence and degree of genetic mixing, with implications for studying cancer, infertility, and other disorders. The study provides a detailed view of recombination in individual sperm, allowing for diagnosis and detection of potential problems.
A new type of viral genome has been discovered, challenging current understanding of virus evolution. The circular DNA genome, found in a unique RNA-DNA hybrid virus, suggests that entirely new virus types may emerge through recombination of functional and structural modules.
A study by University of Edinburgh researchers found that sexual reproduction allows for the weeding out of damaging DNA elements within a few generations. This leads to healthier individuals flourishing and passing on their DNA, while weaker ones are more likely to die without reproducing.
Researchers have created a genetic map of recombination in chimpanzees, showing that hotspots differ significantly from those in humans. The study reveals the complex evolution of this process, which drives genetic diversity and adaptation.
Researchers used selective breeding of mice to identify a novel gene, AK005651, associated with type 1 diabetes susceptibility. A recombination hotspot helped stack the DNA deck in favor of finding this gene, revealing new clues about genomic mechanisms underlying T1D.
Researchers have revealed the mechanisms of the DNA-regulating enzyme PcrA, which controls recombination by removing recombination proteins from the DNA. By combining structure-specific binding and motor function, PcrA reels in DNA and kicks off recombination proteins.
Researchers found that proliferating cell nuclear antigen plays a key role in copying and repairing DNA, which helps cancer cells resist radiation and chemotherapy. The study's findings could lead to new ways to make tumors more vulnerable to treatment or predict patient outcomes.
DNA exists in a slightly underwound state, and its status changes in waves generated by normal cell functions such as replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. The researchers found that DNA can be underwound to the point where one of two bases flips out, relieving stress on the molecule.
A team of Penn State scientists has identified unique patterns in the DNA sequences surrounding insertions and deletions, suggesting mechanisms that may have generated these mutations. The findings could influence genetic counseling for couples seeking to have children.
Researchers at EMBL generated the most precise map of genetic recombination in yeast, revealing new insights into its organisation. The study provides a wealth of information about crossover and non-crossover events, with implications for tracking disease genes in humans.