Articles tagged with Thymus
New research from Mass General Brigham suggests that protecting the thymus during cancer therapy may improve outcomes. The study found that patients with unimpaired thymic health before radiotherapy had the most favorable outcomes, while those with higher radiation doses to the thymus had significantly worse overall survival.
Researchers found that radiation to the thymus during NSCLC treatment increased cancer spread and mortality risk in patients with relatively healthy thymus. Thymic health scores were associated with T-cell diversity, longevity, and cancer outcomes.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory used machine learning concepts to study the immune system's learning process, finding that the system achieves negative selection through generalization. This process allows for the correct deletion of self-reactive T cells despite encountering only a small fraction of the body's self-peptides.
Researchers discover how tumors hijack the thymus to evade immune surveillance by transporting tumor antigens there. Disrupting a specific chemokine receptor may enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve cancer treatment outcomes.
A new study from Aarhus University reveals the thymus, a small organ previously believed to cease functioning early in adult life, plays a lifelong role in the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. The healthier the thymus, patients respond better to immunotherapy treatment.
Researchers from MIT and Broad Institute develop temporary 'factory' in the liver to generate T-cell-stimulating signals, boosting immune response to vaccination and cancer immunotherapy treatments. Aged mice showed significant increases in T cell population size and function after treatment.
A study found that higher thymic health is associated with better outcomes in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, including a 35% lower risk of cancer progression and 44% lower risk of death. Thymic health may serve as a non-invasive biomarker of adaptive immune competence in various cancers.
Researchers at the University of Chicago discovered that random fluctuations in gene expression enable certain cells to express genes from other tissues, promoting immune system training and tissue repair. This 'epigenetic noise' can also contribute to cancer development by allowing cancer cells to access a broader range of genes.
Researchers discovered a specific type of regulatory T cell that can repair damaged thymus tissue. The discovery outlines a novel pathway to regeneration in the gland, offering a new approach to addressing thymic fatigue and damage.
Researchers created a spatial atlas of the developing human thymus, revealing key differences in immune cell development and function. The study's findings could inform new T cell engineering therapies for cancer treatments, autoimmune conditions, and regenerative immune therapies for older adults or those with compromised immune systems.
A McGill University study reveals that vitamin D deficiency early in life can lead to a higher risk of autoimmune diseases like Type 1 diabetes. The research found that an aging thymus causes the immune system to become less effective, increasing the risk of misdirected immune cells attacking healthy tissues.
Researchers have uncovered new cells that drive the ageing process in the thymus, essential for producing special immune cells. This discovery provides crucial insights into unlocking ways to restore thymic function and prevent immune waning as we age.
Researchers have developed a new organoid model to study the thymus and its function in training T cells. The model enables long-term culture of TECs, which could lead to new insights into treating patients with impaired thymus function.
A combined mechanical heart pump and gene-edited pig kidney transplant has given new hope to a patient with heart and kidney failure. The surgery was performed in two stages, first implanting the heart pump and later transplanting the gene-edited pig kidney. This innovative approach has shown promise for patients who would otherwise no...
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism behind immune tolerance, where B cells teach T cells to ignore the body's own proteins. This failure can lead to autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis-like Neuromyelitis optica.
A new study from Linköping University has found that the appearance of the thymus gland in chest CT scans is linked to immune system ageing. The researchers examined over 1,000 Swedish individuals aged 50-64 and found that fatty degeneration of the thymus was more common in men and those with abdominal obesity. Lifestyle factors such a...
Researchers at UC Riverside have discovered a new cell type in the thymus that is similar to M cells found in the gut and airways. The newly discovered cells are like gatekeepers, acting as antigen-delivery cells for the immune system in organs such as the intestine and lung.
For the first time, researchers have identified self-renewing stem cells in the human thymus, which could lead to new treatments for immune diseases and cancer. The thymus, a gland located in the chest, was previously thought not to contain epithelial stem cells.
A new Harvard-led research suggests that the thymus, often considered expendable in adults, actually plays a crucial role in maintaining adult immune health and preventing cancer. The study found that patients who had their thymus removed had a nearly threefold higher risk of death from various causes, including cancer.
Researchers found that adults who had their thymus removed during surgery were at a higher risk of death and cancer compared to those who did not undergo thymectomy. The study suggests that the thymus plays a critical role in adult health, and its removal may have significant consequences.
Scientists have uncovered how gamma delta T cells develop in the body and produce an immune response. The discovery could lead to the development of more preventive treatments for cancer and highly infectious diseases.
Infants have a unique homing property that directs certain immune cells to the skin at birth, protecting them from disease-causing bacteria. This skin-homing ability is crucial for lifelong immunity and local tissue development.
The study successfully generated functional patient-specific T-cells and thymic epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells using thymus organoids. This breakthrough provides a new experimental model system to investigate thymic insufficiency and function, potentially leading to cell-based treatments for thymic defects.
A study from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered a new list of friendly proteins generated by the human thymus that protects healthy tissue from T cell attacks. This finding may lead to improved treatments for autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes.
Osaka University researchers identified medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) expressing neuromuscular molecules in myasthenia gravis-thymoma samples. These findings suggest a new connection between the two diseases and may lead to novel therapeutic methods.
Researchers discovered a rare type of thymocyte cell, known as EADN, which can transform into leukemia in some patients. The discovery could lead to personalized treatments for each person's unique cancer case.
Researchers discovered a viral infection can trigger autoimmunity in mice by disrupting the thymus's screening process for self-destructive T cells. Infection with murine roseolovirus led to autoimmune gastritis months later, highlighting a previously unknown way viruses can trigger autoimmunity.
Researchers at WEHI identified an enzyme in the thymus that is essential for immune T cells to correctly identify threats, safeguarding them from going rogue and attacking healthy tissue. The enzyme KAT7 activates thousands of genes required for 'training' immune T cells not to attack healthy tissue.
A newly discovered class of immune cells may prevent the mother's immune system from attacking the placenta and fetus. Researchers found that pregnant mice without these cells were twice as likely to miscarry, with severely restricted fetal growth in many cases.
Researchers discovered a previously unknown way that gut microbes interact with the immune system, raising questions about what goes awry in autoimmune disease. The thymus organ plays a crucial role in educating T cells about self and non-self markers, but surprisingly, it gives gut bacteria the green light.
A study published in Nature reveals that early life is critical for setting up surveillance mechanisms to keep good bacteria in check. The immune system learns to recognize and distinguish between good and bad bacteria, which helps prevent chronic inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease.
A study found that the thymus produces specialized cells called 'Tregs' during pregnancy to deal with physiological changes. RANK, a receptor expressed in the thymus epithelium, is the key molecule behind this mechanism.
Researchers found that the thymus produces Tregs specialized in dealing with physiological changes during pregnancy, preventing miscarriages. The study also shows that a deficiency of these cells leads to gestational diabetes and long-lasting effects on offspring.
A study published in Nature reveals that the thymus gland plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system and metabolic control during pregnancy. The researchers found that female sex hormones instruct changes in the thymus to produce specialized cells called Tregs, which help prevent miscarriage and gestational diabetes.
Researchers successfully rebuilt a whole functioning human thymus from human stem cells and bioengineered scaffolds. The breakthrough could lead to new techniques for growing artificial organs and treating severe immune deficiencies.
Researchers identified a group of cells regulating T lymphocyte development, preventing leukemia. Cell competition in the thymus is crucial for immune system development and cancer prevention.
A new test developed at CHU Sainte-Justine enables better management of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) by analyzing a small volume of peripheral blood. The test uses a 3D culture system to mimic the function of a human thymus, allowing for a relatively quick response and improved treatment options.
Researchers have created a comprehensive map of human thymus cells, identifying over 50 different cell states that change in abundance throughout life. This atlas has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of T cell development and inform new clinical applications, including therapies for immune-related diseases.
A first cell atlas of the human thymus gland has been mapped, revealing new cell types and signals that guide immune cell development. The atlas could help engineer improved therapeutic T cells to attack cancer, offering a potential breakthrough in immunotherapy.
Research shows that gut microbes influence the development of specialized immune cells in the thymus, promoting a well-functioning immune system. The study highlights a novel communication between intestinal microbes and developing thymic cells, shaping the immune repertoire in early life.
A new study found that a high-fiber diet during pregnancy can reduce the risk of preeclampsia by promoting a healthy immune system in the developing fetus. The research also suggests that low levels of acetate, a key metabolic product of gut bacteria, may be associated with preeclampsia.
Researchers have identified key factors behind the decline of thymus function with age, which affects T cell production. The findings provide a new target for developing treatments to combat infections and cancers in older adults.
Immunologists from The University of Texas at Austin captured a first-ever video of T-cells undergoing assassin-training in the body's safety test. The new imaging technique holds promise for improving human health by better understanding T-cell development and function in autoimmune disorders like Type 1 diabetes.
A new study from Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia shows that leukemia can emerge as a consequence of prolonged precursor cells in the thymus. This blood cancer affects mostly children and is associated with a high risk of developing T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A study found surgery to remove the thymus gland improves clinical outcomes and reduces immunosuppressive medications for up to five years. The procedure may also result in significant healthcare savings, with reduced hospitalizations and medication costs.
Researchers found that the thymus, a small organ near the heart, maintains its output of T cells during pregnancy, which is essential for protecting against infection while tolerating the fetus. The study's findings may have implications for understanding autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at UCSF discovered thymic tuft cells play key role in preventing autoimmunity by displaying proteins to train T cells, similar to gut sensory cells. The finding could lead to better understanding of autoimmune diseases and potentially regulate thymus function.
Emory immunologist Max Cooper and Dr. Jacques Miller are recognized for deciphering the two types of lymphocyte lineages involved in adaptive immunity, laying the groundwork for understanding nearly all fields touched by immunology. Their discoveries have fueled advancements in anti-cancer drugs and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
A new quality control mechanism has been discovered in immune T cell development, where a protein complex called LUBAC enables 'quality control' of cells before they are released into the bloodstream. This discovery has significant implications for understanding autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
A new study reveals how a cell surface molecule controls T-cell entry into the thymus, offering hope for immunotherapeutic targeting in cancer patients. The research found that stimulating Lymphotoxin beta receptor can enhance initial thymus recovery and boost transplant-derived T-cells.
A new study from the University of Oxford suggests that preserving immune function in older people is possible through the identification of critical factors like transcription factor Foxn1. By understanding how Foxn1 regulates T cell development, researchers have identified potential strategies for maintaining thymus function with age.
A team of researchers has identified the genes controlled by Foxn1, a protein essential for thymus development and function. The study reveals that Foxn1 regulates vital functions in the postnatal thymus, providing insights into its role in autoimmune diseases, vaccination responses, and tumor defense.
Researchers found that surgical removal of the thymus reduced patients' muscle weakness and their need for immunosuppressive drugs. The study also showed that surgery reduced the occurrence of adverse events and allowed patients to receive lower doses of prednisone.
A Yale University study found that the hormone FGF21 protects against age-related loss of immune function by promoting T cell production. Increasing FGF21 levels may be an additional strategy to bolster immune function in the elderly or cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
Aging is shown to cripple the production of new immune cells, decreasing the immune response. Antioxidants in the diet may slow this process, suggesting a key role for antioxidants in mitigating age-related immune decline.
A study reveals that thymus atrophy may stem from a decline in its ability to protect against DNA damage from free radicals. Common dietary antioxidants may slow thymus atrophy and represent a promising treatment strategy for protecting older adults from infections.
Researchers discovered that mutations in the AIRE gene can cause a milder form of Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1, affecting fewer organs and appearing later in life. This finding suggests that dominant AIRE-mutation autoimmune disease may be responsible for various autoimmune syndromes.
Researchers found that limiting exposure to specific ligands in the thymus did not affect the mix of T cell types emerging. Instead, they discovered a difference in receptor overlap between weakly bound and strongly bound ligands, which may lead to new vaccine strategies.
Researchers have grown a fully functional thymus organ from transplanted laboratory-created cells in a living animal. This breakthrough discovery could lead to new treatments for people with weakened immune systems and may also offer a way of making patient-matched T cells for cell therapies.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute re-activated an ancient gene, FOXN4, which led to the development of a fish-like thymus in mice. This finding suggests that the immune system's core organs may have evolved from a common ancestor with jawed fish.