Articles tagged with Tobacco
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A study by K. Michael Cummings found that retailer compliance with laws prohibiting tobacco sales to minors more than doubled, from 35% in 1994 to 73% in 1995. However, the difference in smoking behavior between high and low compliance communities was small and not statistically significant.
Researchers at OHSU found significant differences in free-base nicotine levels among 11 commercial cigarette brands, with some containing up to 36% free-base nicotine. The study's findings have implications for understanding the addictiveness of different tobacco products and may guide future research.
Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist has received a five-year federal grant to develop a model tobacco intervention curriculum, covering smoking and smokeless tobacco use. The program aims to integrate the curriculum into all four years of medical school curricula and will incorporate culturally sensitive strategies.
Research suggests a significant association between cigarette smoke exposure and lower folate levels, potentially increasing the risk of diseases such as heart disease and breast cancer. The study found that red blood cell folate levels were 20% lower in current smokers compared to nonsmokers.
A study found that 85% of children in low-income families had daily exposure to secondhand smoke, with mothers reporting the highest levels. Cotinine levels in children's urine only confirmed exposure for about 90% of cases, highlighting potential limitations of testing.
A survey of 793 physicians found that doctors identified smoking status at 81% of visits but only provided counseling to quit 23% of the time. The study also found that geography and race played a role in whether smokers received counseling, with rural and southern physicians less likely to provide guidance.
Philip Morris advertised in gay media to 'own the market,' but quickly distanced itself from the community. The company ultimately settled a boycott by agreeing to financially support HIV/AIDS groups.
Smoking prevalence varies significantly among immigrant groups and countries of origin. Native-born respondents had higher smoking rates than foreign-born respondents. Including findings on country of origin can enhance the development of culturally sensitive smoking cessation programs.
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is a legally binding international treaty aimed at reducing tobacco use, but its adoption in the US is threatened by American exceptionalism. The FCTC covers tobacco taxation, smoking prevention and treatment, illicit trade, advertising, sponsorship and promotion, and product regulation.
African-American smokers and non-smokers alike show substantial support for tobacco tax increases to reduce smoking prevalence rates. However, opinions on the fairness of such policies vary, with some arguing they would disproportionately affect low-income smokers.
According to a Penn State study, African-Americans are more likely to support higher cigarette taxes, particularly among younger Blacks, those at higher educational levels, and former smokers. The study found that increasing taxes can decrease smoking prevalence rates and generate revenue for tobacco cessation programs.
Recent marijuana use was more predictive of continued tobacco smoking than marijuana use months prior. Participants who used daily marijuana were over three times more likely to still smoke tobacco. Approximately 66% of recent marijuana users tried to quit tobacco during the following 13 years.
A randomized trial found that a one-to-one counseling program with personalized phone calls significantly improved patients' understanding of tobacco risks and increased their intention to abstain from smoking. The study showed long-term benefits, even a year after the intervention.
Researchers present findings on heart disease in women, including a study linking reduced kidney function to coronary artery disease. They also showcase an innovative new-generation stent that overcomes design limitations and allows for tailored drug delivery.
Researchers found that ethylene is vital for plant protection against microorganisms, enabling plants to detect and respond to infections. Modified ethylene-insensitive tobacco plants were more susceptible to diseases due to the lack of ethylene's protective mechanism.
A recent study found that bupropion significantly improved abstinence rates for women and smokers with a history of depression, triple the success rate for those using a placebo. The medication also reduced negative mood in women during withdrawal, closing the gender gap in quit rates.
A study published in Child Development found that teenagers in high-use schools are three times as likely to follow their peers' smoking behaviors compared to those in low-use schools. The researchers suggest that school-based programs may be effective in reducing tobacco and alcohol use among teens.
A randomized study found that rapid-release nicotine gum significantly reduced cravings and provided meaningful relief compared to Nicorette. By 30 minutes of chewing, 92% of participants reported complete relief, outperforming Nicorette's 77%. The gum's unique mechanism delivers a controlled dose of nicotine for longer periods.
Two studies found that bidis and reduced-exposure products marketed as less toxic do not effectively reduce smokers' exposure to lethal constituents of cigarette smoke. Instead, they may promote heavier smoking and introduce new risks.
Research suggests that adult influence is a significant predictor of teen smoking, with ease of getting cigarettes from parents and non-parents linked to increased experimentation. The study highlights the importance of reducing social availability of tobacco to minors.
A recent study found that African-American menthol smokers had higher cotinine levels than white menthol smokers, despite similar daily cigarette consumption. The researchers suggest that cigarette preference, not ethnicity, may be the cause of this difference.
Over-the-counter nicotine patches are effective in helping smokers quit without behavioral support. The study found that active patch users were more likely to abstain from smoking for at least seven days, with 26.1% of participants achieving complete abstinence.
Studies suggest that smokers can reduce their smoking by using various strategies, including nicotine replacement devices and behavioral interventions. Researchers found that those who used multiple strategies smoked fewer cigarettes per day compared to those who relied on a single method.
A recent study found that alternative cigarettes like bidis and additive-free tobacco can deliver high levels of nicotine and other toxins, similar to conventional cigarettes. The study's results suggest that these products may pose a significant health risk to adolescents and young adults.
Children exposed to second-hand smoke show higher levels of a compound indicating oxidative stress and impaired blood vessel function. The study suggests that even low levels of parental smoking increase the risk of vascular damage in young children.
Researchers are working to isolate the nicotine N-demethylase gene, which converts nicotine into nornicotine, a potent carcinogen. The goal is to reduce levels of harmful nitrosamines in Burley tobacco and explore alternate uses for the crop.
Effective strategies for quitting smoking exist, and clinicians can use evidence-based approaches to promote treatment of nicotine dependence, including patient assurance, low-tar cigarettes, FDA-approved medications, and awareness about adolescent nicotine use.
Researchers found that nornicotine permanently modifies proteins, affecting their function, and reacting with steroids to form advanced glycation endproducts, linked to diseases like diabetes and Alzheimer's. The study highlights the need for more research into nicotine metabolites' consequences.
A study by Dr. Scott Tomar found that men using snuff were more than twice as likely to switch to cigarettes than vice versa, with 40% of former snuff users continuing or starting smoking. The study also linked snuff use to increased cancer risk and other health problems.
The NIH's Fogarty International Center has launched a global tobacco research effort to address prevention and intervention at home and globally. The program aims to reduce the burden of tobacco consumption in low- and middle-income nations through observational, interventional, and policy research.
A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine suggests that snuff use may be a gateway to cigarette smoking. Men who had quit using snuff were more likely to have switched to cigarettes than those who had never used snuff, indicating that snuff might impede smokers' efforts to quit.
The study found that pregnant black women were less likely to quit smoking, while those with social support were more likely to quit drinking. Health professionals can help provide social support for these women.
Despite increased OTC sales, smoking cessation aid effectiveness has decreased, particularly among light smokers who are less responsive to these products. Researchers recommend using NRTs in combination with behavioral counseling to overcome barriers to quitting.
Recent research shows that alternate tobacco products are gaining popularity among youth, with over 8% of teens reporting use in the last month. Exposure to other smokers and depression significantly increase the likelihood of alternate tobacco product use, regardless of demographic factors.
A new study found that bupropion significantly improved abstinence rates among participants who used spit tobacco, with 44% quitting after 12 weeks compared to 26% in the placebo group. Additionally, participants taking bupropion gained less weight than those on the placebo, averaging only 1.54 pounds versus 9.7 pounds over the 12-week...
A study found that medical students benefit from enhanced teaching approaches to smoking cessation counseling, such as patient-centered techniques and role-playing. Despite this, many medical schools fail to provide adequate training, leaving doctors ill-prepared to help patients quit.
A recent study estimates that cigarette tax hikes could prevent between 5 million to 16 million tobacco-related deaths globally. The greatest savings would be in low- and middle-income countries, with the greatest impact on young smokers. Price increases are considered the most cost-effective anti-smoking intervention.
Smokers are less sensitive to future health consequences than nonsmokers, prioritizing immediate health gains over long-term risks. Smoking cessation therapies should focus on illustrating the immediate consequences of not smoking, such as contingency management therapy.
A study of internal tobacco industry documents reveals that companies profited from both tobacco and nicotine replacement therapies, undermining efforts to combat smoking addiction. Researchers argue that such financial conflicts of interest should be made public to ensure greater corporate responsibility.
A new study finds that passive exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk of cancer in cats by at least double, with effects similar to those seen in humans with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The research also suggests a link between household smokers and increased cancer risk in pets.
Only 19% of physicians report screening new patients for domestic violence, despite its prevalence. However, once identified, physicians are more likely to intervene with counseling and follow-up care.
In Poland, cigarette smoking is responsible for nearly half of premature deaths. However, with new tobacco legislation, smoking rates are declining and life expectancy is improving, decreasing by nearly 4 years in men and over 3 years in women.
Sir Richard Peto and Sir Richard Doll have been pioneers in mapping the health hazards caused by smoking, with their study identifying a link between smoking and various causes of death. Their research has led to a huge body of knowledge reinforcing anti-tobacco efforts.
Researchers found that male and female rats selectively bred for high and low sensitivity to alcohol also exhibited differences in their response to nicotine. The study suggests that genetic factors may contribute to the co-occurrence of these two substances in individuals, highlighting the need for further research on this topic.
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that tobacco industry youth anti-smoking programs were designed to serve the industry's political aims, rather than reducing smoking rates. The programs aimed to gather information on youth behavior and attitudes to inform marketing strategies.
Internal documents expose tobacco industry's secret lists of control advocates and researchers, aiming to discredit them. Industry agencies also conducted clandestine research on public health groups, including secretly recording meetings.
The study analyzed tobacco industry documents and found that they lobbied against the Directive 98/43/EC at both EU member state governments and a pan-European level. The investigation's findings highlight the need for effective tobacco control legislation in Europe.
A study found that adolescents with depression are more receptive to tobacco advertising and are at a higher risk of experimenting with smoking. Exposure to peer smokers also plays a significant role in the decision to smoke.
Research finds that exposure to movie stars smoking increases positive attitudes toward smoking among adolescent never-smokers. High exposure is linked to a greater intent to start smoking and lower resistance to peer offers.
Researchers found that tobacco companies selectively increased youth targeting after the 1998 settlement, exploiting inconsistencies in the ban and government definition of youth magazines. The companies shifted their ads to magazines just under the limit, increasing youth targeting by 14% between 1997 and 2000.
A study published in the American Journal of Health Promotion found that teens with positive role models and those who participate in religious activities are less likely to use tobacco. The study suggests that taking a positive, asset-based approach may help reduce tobacco use among young people.
After two years of abstinence, the risk of relapse decreases to less than 1 percent annually. Former smokers who relapsed were more likely to use cigars and pipes, and drink excessively.
A large-scale study analyzing over 297,000 cases found that smokers are half as likely to die from heart attacks compared to nonsmokers. The main reason for this difference is the significant age gap between smokers and non-smokers, with smokers averaging 14 years younger at the time of their attack.
A study analyzing U.S. census data found that nearly 40% of adults attempted to quit smoking after the introduction of over-the-counter (OTC) nicotine replacement therapies. The increased attempts may be attributed to easier accessibility of OTC products, positively impacting public health.
Teenagers living in high-tax areas were 13% less likely to smoke any cigarettes than those in low-tax areas. Regular smokers who purchased their own cigarettes responded more strongly to price increases, the study found. The study analyzed data from Monitoring the Future Surveys of 8th-, 10th- and 12-grade students.
Studies found that denicotinized cigarettes can satisfy nicotine cravings and reduce smoke intake in smokers. The nicotine delivery method is linked to the sensory and habit components of smoking, suggesting a need for different techniques in comprehensive treatment programs.
A Mayo Clinic study found that current tobacco users and those with an alcohol problem history reported lower health scores and increased psychological distress compared to non-users. The study suggests a possible clinical implication for screening hospitalized patients for alcoholism.
A large international study found that passive smoking significantly increases the risk of respiratory symptoms, including nocturnal chest tightness and breathlessness. The prevalence of passive smoking in workplaces varied widely across countries, with some areas experiencing as much as 53.8% exposure.
Researchers found that nearly half of online cigarette vendors are located in New York State, with many operating in tobacco-producing states. The study highlights the need for stronger regulation and enforcement to prevent underage sales and protect public health.
A UCSF study suggests that with effective programs, including anti-tobacco media campaigns and community-based efforts, the US can reduce its adult smoking rate from 23-26% to 15% by 2010. This goal is within reach due to successful large-scale tobacco control initiatives in states like California.