Articles tagged with Polymerization
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The researchers developed a filter that can freely switch between modes such as selective filtering and passing, expanding the usefulness of microfluidic devices. The magnetic material was used with a precise 3D printing technique to create the tiny turning filter, which can be remotely manipulated on demand.
Researchers at Beckman Institute develop new manufacturing process that shortens production time from two days to just minutes, enabling the creation of self-healing structural materials. The technology has potential applications in various fields, including aerospace and construction.
Researchers found that processing additives significantly impact the speed of polymerization in pultrusion, enabling faster production and improved efficiency. The study's findings have potential applications for enhancing profitability while maintaining quality in composite structures.
Researchers used frontal polymerization to create functionally useful patterns inspired by developmental biology, achieving varying stiffness in materials. This method reduces energy consumption and eliminates the need for multiple-step manufacturing processes.
The study used direct visualization to clarify the formation mechanism of microgels during precipitation polymerization. The research revealed that the aggregation of polymer chains in the nucleation process is crucial for determining the nanostructures of microgels, leading to improved understanding of their formation.
Scientists at Nagoya Institute of Technology have developed a new, metal-free organocatalysis method for polymerization, which is more efficient and environmentally friendly than current methods. The technique uses non-ionic and multidentate organocatalysts to produce polymeric materials with reduced impurities.
A new laser-based process allows for the 3D printing of intricate glass parts with high precision and resolution. The technique uses multiphoton polymerization, which enables the creation of complex shapes without layer-by-layer buildup.
Researchers developed a new microscopy method to visualize the building blocks of 'smart' materials being formed at the nanoscale. The technique, called VC-LCTEM, allows scientists to see the reaction taking place in real time, enabling them to understand how to speed up and control the process.
Researchers have developed a simple, environmentally friendly process to produce well-defined linear and star-shaped polymers with ultrahigh molecular weights from nonconjugated monomers. The photoenzymatic RAFT polymerization method offers outstanding control over composition, molecular weight, and architecture.
Researchers propose multifunctional liquid metal nanocapsules with tunable polylactone shells for improved thermal/photo-molding properties, electric conductivity, and notch-insensitive tearing. The powder of LM capsules combines exceptional properties of liquid metals and polylactone shells.
Researchers at NC State University have developed a new method for producing polymer gel objects from pure monomer solutions using low-energy, visible light. This process has the potential to overcome current challenges in producing these materials and sheds light on the ways in which low energy photons can combine to produce high ener...
Researchers at Ehime University have successfully synthesized a new type of polymer with a carboxy-functionalized dendron structure. The polymer demonstrates pH-responsive behavior due to the dense accumulation of side chains, paving the way for the development of new functional poly(substituted methylene)s.
Researchers at the University of Illinois compared two composite manufacturing methods, frontal polymerization and bulk polymerization. Frontal polymerization, a new out-of-autoclave method, offers several advantages, including reduced capital investment, faster curing times, and lower environmental impact.
Researchers found that solid-state and melt polymerization mechanisms differ in the number of broken bonds, leading to unique kinetic behaviors. This discovery opens up possibilities for designing materials with desired properties.
The new method enables a wider range of materials with better control over their thermal and mechanical properties. Researchers used a mixture of two monomers to create materials tailored for various applications, including tires.
The research team developed an intelligent microsystem employing machine learning and automation to reduce chemical waste by two orders of magnitude and catalytic discovery from weeks to hours. By screening catalysts and polymers faster, the method could lead to more efficient design and environmentally benign plastics.
Jia Niu's NSF CAREER-funded project aims to grow polymer chains uniformly, creating degradable and sustainable plastics. His research focuses on addressing pressing needs in biomedicine, materials, and environmental sciences.
Researchers from SUTD develop a modularization approach to print microfluidic channels with greater intricacy and smaller channel dimensions. They demonstrate the efficacy of their approach by showing a substantial improvement in channel dimensions compared to conventional methods.
The study introduces two novel initiating systems consisting of palladium, naphthoquinone, and borate, exhibiting unique activities in C1 polymerization. The new systems afford high molecular weight poly(alkoxycarbonylmethylene)s with improved yields and stereoregularity.
Researchers at Ehime University developed a new synthetic polymer with great potential for use as an environmentally friendly material. The polymer can be degraded into low molecular weight compounds under mild acidic conditions, making it useful for drug encapsulation and recyclable materials.
Researchers from the University of Konstanz's CRC 1214 create single-chain, uniform-shape monodisperse nanocrystals with high particle number densities. This breakthrough enables the creation of polymer materials based on nanoparticle assembly.
A team of scientists at Shinshu University used a newly customized tool to study hydrogel microspheres, observing structural differences that were previously unexplained. The study reveals that the method of production greatly affects the structure and behavior of thermoresponsive microgels.
Scientists are developing ultra-high precision synthetic polymers with precisely controlled chain lengths and monomer sequences. These information-containing macromolecules can be deployed for data storage, anti-counterfeiting and traceability technologies.
Researchers at the University of Groningen have developed an enzyme-based polymerization method to create a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional polyethylene terephthalate (PET). By using a commercially available enzyme, they successfully produced furan-based copolyesters with improved properties.
Researchers have developed a microfabrication method to create flexible light guides just over one micron wide in clear silicone, enabling smaller and more complex light-based devices. The tiny waveguides can be used for biomedical sensors, endoscopes, and wearable devices, with low light loss and high biocompatibility.
Microtubules form scaffolding for cell movement and division. Researchers at UC Davis discovered the mechanism behind their assembly, using an animation to illustrate TOG domains driving tubulin polymerization.
Researchers created a scalable method to produce pure NCAs in less time and space, overcoming limitations of existing Fuchs-Farthing method. The new technique enables on-demand synthesis of NCAs for life-saving drugs and drug carriers.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new polymer-curing process that uses minimal energy and cuts manufacturing time in half. The breakthrough could lead to cost-effective production of high-performance polymers for aerospace and automotive industries.
Researchers at Cornell University developed a novel analytical technique to visualize polymer chain growth in real-time. By combining magnetic tweezers, optical microscopy, and spectroscopic techniques, they discovered that individual polymer chains undergo consecutive wait-and-jump steps.
A new scanning wave photopolymerization technique allows for arbitrary alignment of liquid crystals with fine control over large areas without the need for strong dyes or additional processing steps. This method enables the creation of highly functional organic materials with arbitrary molecular alignment patterns on the nanoscale.
Researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology developed a metal-free method to control cationic polymerization using halogen bonding and ammonium salt additives. The new process produces long, homogeneous polymers suitable for industrial applications.
University of Delaware researchers have developed a novel method for creating interpenetrating polymeric networks using blue light, offering a more efficient and sustainable approach. This one-step process enables the formation of complex shapes without solvents or additives, resulting in enhanced toughness and reduced brittleness.
Scientists have introduced a new, phosphorus-containing rubber analogue with similar properties to natural rubber. The polymerization of this compound offers prospects for further derivatization and crosslinking, enabling unique architectures and properties in commercial rubbers.
Researchers have developed a method to produce degradable polymers through chemical vapor deposition (CVD), allowing for the creation of biodegradable implants and coatings. The new polymers can be tailored to degrade at specific rates, making them suitable for various medical applications.
A team of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology researchers has developed a method to tailor AFM probes with unique designs using 3-D direct laser writing based on two-photon polymerization. The technique enables the creation of custom probes with nanoscale precision, opening up new possibilities for analyzing samples at the atomic scale.
Researchers developed a new hybrid polymer that combines rigid covalent bonds with soft supramolecular polymers. This allows for the creation of self-repairing materials, drug delivery systems and artificial muscles. The unique structure enables the polymer to lift weights, contracting and expanding like muscles.
Researchers at North Carolina State University and Laser Zentrum Hannover have discovered a natural compound, riboflavin, that can be used to create non-toxic polymers for 3D printing medical implants. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for customized implant designs.
Scientists have developed a new filtering system to remove carbon dioxide from electric power station smokestacks, inspired by the efficient lungs of birds and the swim bladders of fish. The technology uses an array of tubes with porous membranes, which can capture up to 50% more CO2 than existing methods.
Students from various majors spent 10 weeks conducting intensive research projects under faculty mentorship. The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program aims to provide students with a concentrated research experience, leading to groundbreaking discoveries in fields such as cancer and neurological disorders.
Researchers from Zhejiang University have expanded metal-free click polymerization to propiolate-azides, efficiently preparing functional poly(aroxycarbonyltriazole) compounds with high molecular weight and regioselectivity. These polymers exhibit aggregation-induced emission characteristics and serve as sensitive fluorescent chemosens...
Researchers discovered that barnacle adhesive polymerization is related to blood clotting, with a trypsin-like serine protease and human factor XIII proteins involved. The team found that the glue's proteins are remarkably similar to those found in human blood clots.
Tribopolymerization reduces wear in liquid and vapor phase applications by forming self-replenishing protective polymer films on rubbing surfaces. The US-Poland collaboration developed effective additives for reducing wear with metals, alloys, and ceramics.
The study reveals the forms taken by transitional structures of tubulin during microtubule assembly and disassembly, providing a new understanding of microtubule dynamic instability. The binding of GTP controls activity at the growing end of the microtubule, enabling rapid growth followed by sudden shrinking.
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski's innovative approach to making finely crafted polymers, known as 'living polymerization,' allows for tailor-made structures and properties. His technique enables the creation of complex polymer shapes and arrangements with precise control.
Virginia Tech researchers have made a breakthrough in creating polymers that can be reversed using heat, opening up new possibilities for thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) and novel adhesives. The team synthesized nano-phase separated polystyrene and polyisoprene based materials containing reversible linkages.
Researchers at IBM Almaden Research Center and University of California, Santa Cruz, have discovered novel compounds that enable precise control over polymerization reactions. This breakthrough promises to create new materials with complex molecular architectures and specific qualities.