Articles tagged with Fluids
Researchers have gained insight into how a deadly strain of salmonella adapts to invasion, flourishing in hostile environments and evading immune defenses. The study sheds light on the role of fluid shear forces in bacterial behavior, which may accelerate the design of new therapies for life-threatening infections.
Researchers have developed a computer model that sheds light on extracting renewable energy from superhot, super deep rock. The model shows the formation of microscopic cracks creating a dense 'cloud of permeability' throughout the affected rock, which can lead to higher power delivery and efficiency.
Elastic turbulence, a chaotic fluid motion in non-Newtonian fluids, exhibits universal power-law decay of energy and intermittent behavior. This study reveals its unexpected similarity to classical Newtonian turbulence, paving the way for developing a complete mathematical theory and predicting flow patterns.
Researchers characterized the microbial composition of oral fluid, feces, and environment of nursery piglets on commercial farms in Brazil. The study found distinct oral fluid bacterial profiles differing from those in feces and environment, with potential implications for swine health and production.
Researchers at Universität Leipzig have found a way to drive electric currents with light even when the material has minimal absorption. This breakthrough reveals the properties of 'Floquet Fermi liquid' states, which can display spectacular properties like superconductivity.
The new metafluid can transition between Newtonian and non-Newtonian states, allowing for programmable viscosity and compressibility. The researchers demonstrated the fluid's capabilities in a hydraulic robotic gripper, picking up objects of varying weights without crushing them.
The computational results show that tonal sound radiation occurs due to vortex collisions with orifice plates. The vortical structures change with velocity and orifice radius, leading to variations in frequency and sound mode.
Researchers will employ a combination of molecular-scale modeling and experimental techniques to investigate fluid elasticity in nanopores. The team aims to develop new theoretical models for petroleum and water resource exploration, greenhouse gas sequestration, and other critical areas.
Caterpillars of the Carolina sphinx moth have an extraordinary ability to instantly change their hemolymph's material properties, turning it into a viscoelastic fluid that helps stop bleeding. This discovery has potential applications for developing new drugs for humans to create fast-working thickeners of human blood.
Researchers at MIT have developed a method to analyze the behavior of granular materials, revealing their internal forces and shapes in 3D detail. This breakthrough may lead to better understanding of landslides and industrial processes.
Researchers developed a new, accessible, and affordable sequence method using qPCR to identify touch DNA. The study found that male DNA was detected on the female's hand in 50% of trials, indicating secondary transfer, while male DNA on the coffee mug was recorded 27% of time indicating tertiary transfer.
Tohoku University researchers linked ignition and deflagration in a combustion system, unlocking new configurations for stable, efficient combustion engines. The theory reveals the existence of additional steady-state solutions that are possible when considering autoignitive reaction waves.
Researchers at UNIST have unveiled a new principle of motion in liquid crystals, where objects can move in a directed manner by changing their sizes periodically. The discovery has far-reaching implications for the development of miniature robots and advances research in complex fluids.
Researchers have developed a copper(II)-alkylperoxo complex that can selectively oxidize unactivated alkanes, showcasing exceptional reactivity and paving the way for sustainable technology. By manipulating the solvent environment, the team uncovered the unique properties of their catalyst.
A new, non-invasive sticker detects anastomotic leaks, life-threatening fluid leaks after surgery, with high sensitivity and specificity. The bioresorbable sticker changes shape in response to pH levels, allowing clinicians to view abnormalities in real-time via ultrasound imaging.
Researchers analyzed the physical principles of dendritic painting, a technique that uses ink droplets to create intricate fractals. The study found that the thickness of the paint layer and the concentration of diluting medium are key factors in controlling the outcome of dendritic painting.
Researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology develop new methodology to accurately simulate soil behavior in rigid state, leveraging MSP method and Bingham fluid biviscosity model. The study highlights the impact of parameters on simulation accuracy and computational costs.
A team of mathematicians solved Feynman's Sprinkler Problem by combining precision lab experiments with mathematical modeling. They found that the reverse sprinkler spins in the opposite direction when taking in water, and the cause is subtle and surprising.
Researchers from Tohoku University and OIST have introduced a miniaturized rotational thermal drawing process, enabling the rapid prototyping of three-dimensional microfluidic systems. This innovation facilitates precise biofluid manipulation and unlocks endless possibilities for combining diverse materials.
A new study found that the roughness of pre-existing faults and associated stress heterogeneity play a key role in causing large induced events during fluid injection. The researchers developed laboratory experiments to investigate this phenomenon, which has important implications for preventing runaway induced earthquakes.
A new study found that nicotine-free vape fluid can increase inflammation and oxidative stress in the lungs, causing damage similar to patients with lung injury. The research identified a protein called ARF6 as a key regulator of this damage.
A systematic review of 95 studies found that 3D camera system estimates, patient self-estimates, and the Lorenz method are accurate for estimating adult body weight. However, no method is foolproof, and alternative strategies should be available when patients are unable to provide an estimate.
Researchers developed a biodegradable sponge that releases medication slowly into the organism, improving treatment efficacy for vulvovaginal candidiasis. The device is made from soft, biocompatible materials and can be inserted by patients themselves, making treatment more comfortable.
Researchers at MIT find that slow-flowing liquid crystals can spontaneously assemble into large, twisted, chiral structures, opening a new path to generating chiral materials. These structures could serve as spiral scaffolds for assembling intricate molecular structures and be used as optical sensors.
A new study finds that analyzing surgical lymphatic fluid for HPV DNA can predict cancer recurrence and guide treatment decisions. The test was found to be more sensitive than traditional methods, detecting high-risk patients who may be missed by standard tools.
A new meta-analysis found that intravenous fluid therapy using balanced solutions can reduce the risk of in-hospital death in critically ill patients by four percent. Balanced solutions are more closely matched to human blood chemistry than commonly used saline, and may be associated with lower mortality rates.
The study reveals a way to extend the Lorentz reciprocal theorem to systems with broken symmetries, enabling analytical calculations for fluids and self-propelled microorganisms. This generalization opens up new avenues for exploring systems with odd viscosities.
Excessive fluid consumption can be caused by a rare hormone deficiency, polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, which regulates the body's water and salt content. Researchers have developed a reliable test using highly concentrated salt infusion to diagnose this condition.
The researchers propose a hybrid organic–inorganic gas sensor design that enhances gas sensing performance while maintaining sensing speed. The proposed design outperforms conventional sensors in terms of chemical sensitivity to NO2, showcasing impressive durability and higher potential for long-term installation.
Researchers redesigned IVF needles to reduce fluid flow damage to eggs, improving oocyte collection and IVF success rates. The study uses computer models and mathematical simulations to optimize the design, which has been successfully tested in cattle, with plans for human trials.
Researchers from Tohoku University developed a model that simulates fish tail fin motion and reveals the underlying mechanisms behind synchronized swimming. The study found that synchronizing fin movements reduces energy dissipation, but the optimal timing may not always lead to conservation of energy.
Researchers at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University have developed a sensitive and robust pH sensor that can detect pH variation in just a few microliters of samples. The new sensor uses novel materials and methods to overcome the current method's limitations, which are not sensitive enough or fragile for commercial-scale use.
Researchers found that sperm flagellar waveforms are primarily influenced by viscosity rather than shear rate, promoting energy-efficient beating behavior. Sperm adjust their power generation to respond to fluid dynamics, enabling efficient swimming against the flow in high-viscosity media.
A team of researchers has created a 'proteomic clock' that can predict a healthy person's age based on their protein profile, revealing accelerated aging due to diseases. The study also detected proteins associated with Parkinson's disease in eye fluid, offering a potential pathway for earlier diagnoses.
Stanford Medicine researchers developed a technique to measure ocular aging using artificial intelligence, predicting disease triggers and revealing new targets for therapies. The study found that certain proteins accelerate aging in each disease, potentially leading to personalized treatments.
A new specimen collection system has been developed to enhance assisted reproductive technologies by providing a simple one-step method for selecting high-quality sperm for ICSI. The system, known as NovaSort, uses a barrier mesh to isolate mobile sperm without damaging their DNA.
A Cornell-led collaboration created a 3D in-vitro model of human lymphatic vessels that revealed a surprising mechanism jamming up drainage: the protein ROCK2. Inhibiting ROCK2 reverses lymphedema effects, offering potential treatment for this condition.
A mathematical breakthrough provides new insights into typhoon dynamics, enabling more accurate predictions and advancements in weather forecasting. The study confirms the stability of specific vortex structures, which can be encountered in real-world fluid flows.
A Tohoku University research team developed a technique to recreate water flow in real-time using only a small amount of data from real water. This technology enables the creation of immersive VR games with lifelike water motion, potentially enhancing online communication and remote interactions.
Millimeter structures moderately improve the overall entrainment process, accommodating liquids in larger quantities with less deviation. The capillary effect and viscous force drive entrainment, while gravity acts as resistance.
The 76th annual meeting of the American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics will bring together over 3,500 scientists from around the world to present new research on fluid dynamics. The conference will feature a scientific program with over 3,200 presentations and a gallery of fluid motion visual arts competition.
Scientists at Mainz University and TU Darmstadt developed a method to write in water by utilizing microbeads that exchange ions for protons, altering local pH values. This allows ink particles to accumulate in specific areas, creating fine lines and patterns.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed a system that uses fluid mechanics and chemo-mechanical processes to autonomously assemble hierarchical 3D structures. The system utilizes sticky bonds to drive self-organization, allowing for the construction of complex devices with minimal external intervention.
A Purdue University experiment is investigating how reduced gravity affects boiling and condensation, crucial for long-term space habitats. The research aims to provide data needed to answer decades-old questions about these phenomena in weightlessness.
Researchers found that foam spreading changes with scraping speed and surface affinity, leading to different patterns on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The study's findings apply to various soft materials, including foams, paints, and coatings.
Researchers have developed a new method to estimate river flow rates on Mars and Titan, utilizing satellite observations and mathematical equations. The technique allows for predictions of river flow times, sediment size, and potential support for life, shedding light on these celestial bodies' geological pasts.
Researchers have shed light on the optimal use of intravenous fluids to treat sepsis, a life-threatening condition that affects nearly a third of ICU patients. The review provides critical insights into dosage and timing of fluids to improve treatment outcomes and reduce mortality.
A new UK survey study led by Lancaster University found that 6.6% of the population aged 16 and over changed their reported sexual identity over a six-year period. The research challenges the assumption that sexual identity mobility declines with age, revealing that it is as prevalent among over-65s as young people.
Scientists have determined the chemical composition of supercritical fluids in deep subduction zones for the first time, shedding light on their critical role in the Earth's carbon and sulfur cycle. The study reveals that these fluids play a vital part in transporting elements between the Earth's surface and the deep mantle.
Scientists discover hydrothermal deposits at a 5.7 km depth in the Japan Trench, indicating low-temperature hydrothermal activity and elevated CO2 and methane levels. The findings highlight the need for further studies on petit-spot volcanoes and their potential impact on global biogeochemical cycles.
Researchers found turbulent convection powers flows with solid bodies, moving in two directions and rotating together. The study sheds light on the interaction between fluids and solids, offering insights into Earth's inner core and thermal convection.
Researchers created a 3D model of Helicobacter pylori to better understand its movement and develop new treatments for ulcers and other diseases. The study identified critical thresholds that the bacteria must overcome to move through viscous fluids.
A study published in Physics of Fluids reveals that uneven extraction in coffee brewing can result in weaker espresso and affect its taste. The researchers found that a positive feedback loop between flow and extraction leads to more bitter flavors, making it essential to understand the origin of uneven extraction.
The iPODs system enables rapid-results testing with reduced error, cross-contamination, and sample loss by automating droplet transfer. The device shows strong linearity in bacterial detection, with an R-squared value of 0.999, making it accurate for point-of-care testing.
Researchers from Brown University and the University of Toulouse found that surfactants make Champagne bubble chains stable. The experiments showed that larger bubbles and surfactants help reduce tensions between liquid and gas, creating a smooth rise. This discovery has implications for understanding bubbly flows in fluid mechanics.
Scientists develop elastoactive chains with self-oscillatory, self-synchronizing, and self-snapping behavior, mimicking biological machines. The study explores material properties and potential applications in autonomous robot development.
Researchers created the integrated-gut-liver-on-a-chip platform to examine how gut and liver cells interact, particularly in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study showed significant changes in gene expression and DNA damage when free fatty acids were introduced, leading to cell death similar to severe cases of NAFLD.
Researchers have developed a new ear tube design that combines liquid-infused materials with optimized geometry to improve treatment outcomes for patients with ear infections. The design enables better performance and reduces complications such as impaired hearing and scarring of the eardrum.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a novel approach to administer intrathecal and intravenous immunotherapy to treat leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in melanoma patients, showing promising results in improving survival rates and quality of life for some patients.
A team of researchers has discovered new laws governing fluid flow through experiments on drinking straws, defying previously known resistance laws. The findings have promise for improving fluid handling in medical and engineering applications.