Articles tagged with Vapors
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new University of Michigan study found that high school seniors who vape are more than four times more likely to smoke a cigarette in the following year. Vaping changes teens' perceptions of the risks of smoking, making them less likely to view smoking as harmful.
A special issue of Energy Technology showcases recent advances in pyrolysis technologies, which convert biomass into fuels, chemicals and fertilizers. Iowa State research teams led by Brown and Brent Shanks contributed papers to the issue, exploring topics such as micropyrolyzer equipment and bio-oil processing.
E-cigarette vapour exposure has been shown to be genotoxic and cytotoxic in human lung cells at high doses. In contrast, Vype e-cigarette vapour produced no DNA damage even at 28 times the equivalent smoke dose. The findings suggest that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking cigarettes.
A team of researchers at UT Dallas developed a new method for trapping gases within MOF structures, which can capture emissions from coal factories and vehicles. The discovery was made possible by introducing a molecule that sealed the outer surface of each MOF crystal, effectively trapping gases.
Researchers used smoking/vaping robots to study e-cigarette aerosol's effect on human lung cells. The results show that e-cigarette aerosol is effectively delivered to cell surfaces, despite having a reduced biological impact compared to cigarette smoke.
A team of researchers developed an artificial dog nose that mimics the 'active sniffing' of dogs, improving vapor detection by up to 16-fold. The technology uses fluid dynamics and entrainment to increase aerodynamic reach and sample vapors at increasingly large distances.
Researchers developed a new coating method using physical vapor deposition to coat large volumes of granular material evenly. The method enables precise control of film thickness and opens up possibilities for surface treatment and modification, with applications in hydrogen storage systems.
Some flavored e-liquids produce toxic compounds when heated, exceeding occupational safety standards. Flavored vapors contained significantly higher levels of aldehydes than unflavored ones.
Researchers use advanced microscope to observe thin water layers on ice, discovering they don't homogeneously wet the surface. This contradicts conventional wisdom and suggests a metastable transient state formed through vapor growth and sublimation.
Researchers at Université Laval found that e-cigarette vapor kills a large number of mouth cells within days, damaging the mouth's first line of defense against microbial infection. The study exposed gingival epithelial cells to e-cigarette vapor and observed significant cell death after just one day
A University of Rochester Medical Center study reveals that e-cigarettes can cause damage to gums and teeth, similar to conventional cigarettes. The study found that flavoring chemicals play a role in damaging cells in the mouth, and nicotine contributes to gum disease.
In a lab-based test using the Ames assay, scientists found that e-cigarette vapour did not cause DNA mutations in bacteria, unlike tobacco smoke. The results suggest that e-cigarettes may be less harmful than cigarettes, supporting growing evidence of their potential as a safer alternative.
Researchers at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology have developed a method to produce subnatural-linewidth biphotons from a Doppler-broadened hot atomic vapor cell. This breakthrough simplifies the production process and enables the creation of narrowband biphotons for practical quantum applications.
Lab tests reveal e-cigarette vapor is non-toxic to human lung cells, even at unrealistically high doses. Cigarette smoke proves cytotoxic, with lung cells showing low levels of toxicity only after equivalent daily exposure in just one hour.
Lab tests reveal e-cigarette vapor does not cause oxidative stress and cell death in lung epithelial cells, unlike cigarette smoke. Researchers developed a standardized method to compare the effects of conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor on lung cells.
A recent study by British American Tobacco found that e-cigarette vapour contains toxicant levels on average 95% lower than conventional cigarette smoke. The study measured 142 compounds in e-cigarette vapour and found substantial reductions in toxicant groups, with most cigarette smoke toxicants undetectable.
A new study from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that all e-cigarettes emit toxic compounds, with factors like temperature affecting emission levels. The study identified two additional carcinogens not previously reported in e-cigarette vapor.
Scientists report elevated levels of toxic compounds in e-cigarette vapor when heated to higher temperatures, including glycidol and formaldehyde. The release of these compounds increases with device use and voltage settings.
Scientists have developed a new system design that collects water from air with significantly less energy, producing high-quality water. This approach uses a liquid desiccant to separate vapor from air and cool only the vapor, resulting in substantial energy savings.
An international team has discovered an elegant way to decouple organic nanosheets grown on metal surfaces. By exposing the networks to iodine vapour, they reduced the adhesion between the network and the metal, allowing the molecules to behave almost as if they were free-standing.
Researchers at PNNL discovered a phenomenon where carbon-rich nanorods spontaneously release water as humidity increases, exhibiting capillary condensation and solvent cavitation under solvo-phobic confinement. This discovery could lead to improved water purification and separation with low-energy applications.
Researchers discovered an insulating layer of air that forms near the surface during winter, reducing evaporation and precipitation on the ice sheet. This phenomenon explains why temperature has risen without increased precipitation on the central parts of the Greenland ice sheet.
A University of Queensland project aims to develop a compact detector for explosives using dendrimer technology, which can detect vapours with high sensitivity and selectivity. The Queensland Government has awarded funding under the Advance Queensland Research Fellowships Scheme.
A team of researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology and ETH Zurich found that light vapor bubbles migrate to crystal-poor areas within shallow volcanic chambers, accumulating energy for large eruptions. The study suggests that these bubbles play a crucial role in shaping the style and power of volcanic eruptions.
Researchers used computer models and laboratory experiments to study bubble behavior in magma reservoirs. They found that bubbles accumulate faster in crystal-rich zones, leading to overpressurization and potential sulfur emissions. This discovery sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of super-volcanic eruptions.
University of Utah engineers developed a handheld scanner that can detect small traces of alkane fuel vapor, crucial for preventing oil pipeline leaks and detecting explosives. The portable device will be used to locate leaks in pipelines, airplane fuel tanks, and security threats, providing real-time warnings.
In vitro tests of Vype ePen e-cigarette vapor revealed no activation of cell stress responses, DNA damage, or cellular transformation. In contrast, cigarette smoke induced significant DNA damage and promoted tumour formation in human lung cells.
A novel hybrid product called 'glo iFUSE' combines e-cigarette technology with fresh tobacco to deliver natural tobacco flavors. Sensory testing confirmed the presence of detectable tobacco flavors, and chemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in toxic compounds compared to traditional cigarettes.
A team of researchers has developed a method to create a single vapor bubble in a pool of liquid that can remain stable on a surface for hours. This technique enables the microscopic study of vapor bubbles and the optimization of the boiling process, which could lead to advancements in heat transfer systems.
A laboratory study found that cherry-flavored e-cigarettes contain significantly higher levels of benzaldehyde than other flavors, which can irritate the airways. The study suggests that long-term use of cherry-flavored e-cigarettes may result in repeated exposure to this substance.
A recent study published in Journal of Molecular Medicine found that e-cigarette vapor boosts bacterial virulence and inflammation, suppressing the human immune system. The research also revealed that exposure to e-cigarette vapor increases the risk of bacterial infections and suppresses lung function.
A portable version of NIST's 'headspace analysis' technique has been developed, enabling detectives to carry a convenient version of the method in a briefcase-sized kit. The kit can recover vapors from solid or liquid compounds, including environmental pollutants and forensic evidence, with collection times as fast as 3 seconds.
Researchers found that e-cigarette vapor damaged human cells, causing DNA breaks and cell death. The study suggests that e-cigarettes are not as safe as their marketing claims, and may contain previously undiscovered carcinogenic components.
Researchers have developed a new process to grow designer crystals using vapour rather than liquid, enabling the creation of faster and more powerful electronic devices. The method uses metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with extremely large surface areas, allowing for the trapping of other molecules and boosting processing power.
Innovative healthcare approaches test many new ideas quickly and cheaply to promote better patient care. Techniques like 'vapor tests,' 'fake front ends,' and 'fake back ends' are used to validate ideas in real-world contexts, preserving patient safety and improving outcomes.
Scientists applied over 50 volts across a weak hydrochloric acid drop, causing it to rise into the air above a glowing plasma layer. The effect is similar to Leidenfrost levitation but uses electricity instead of heat.
Researchers used a unique combination of tests to investigate the potential adverse effects of e-cigarette vapour on airway tissue. The results show that despite six hours of exposure, the impact of e-cigarette vapour on airway tissue is similar to that of air.
A global scale study estimates the impact of forest-emitted compounds on cloud seeds and aerosol particles. The findings suggest that these compounds can increase condensing vapours, leading to cloud formation and influencing climate.
A study of 30 healthy adult nonsmokers found that a single exposure to e-cigarette vapor diminished cough reflex sensitivity. However, sensitivity returned to baseline levels 24 hours after exposure. This effect suggests potential risks for chronic e-cigarette use on respiratory health.
A new study reveals that e-cigarettes' mechanical and chemical properties influence the production of toxic substances, including acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde. The findings suggest that standardizing these devices is crucial to understanding their health effects.
Researchers have discovered elastocaloric materials that can change temperature in response to mechanical stress, enabling more efficient solid-state refrigeration. These materials could lead to environmentally-friendly replacements for traditional cooling technologies, with potential applications in household refrigerators, air condit...
The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) has begun destroying chemical munitions at the US Army Pueblo Chemical Depot, preparing for a larger operation to destroy 780,000 munitions containing 2,600 tons of mustard agent. The new system is designed to process stockpile munitions more efficiently than previous versions.
Researchers developed new plasma models applicable to medicine using data on oxygen ion transport and interaction with water molecules. These models account for how discharges are created in water vapour, enabling the development of novel therapeutic treatments for wound healing and dermatology.
Researchers found that iron vaporizes at lower impact speeds than previously thought, leading to a shift in understanding of Earth's core formation process. This change affects estimates of the timing of Earth's core formation, with new information suggesting a more rapid process.
Researchers found that e-cigarettes compromise the immune system in mice, increasing susceptibility to respiratory infections and impairing lung function. The study also identified 'free radical' chemicals in e-cigarette vapors, previously thought only to be found in tobacco cigarettes and air pollutants.
Researchers from Russia and international partners map water vapor distribution on Mars, revealing seasonal variations and global sandstorm impacts. Water vapor concentrations peak at 60-70 microns during northern summer, decreasing significantly during sandstorms.
Researchers have developed a highly accurate airborne hygrometer, HAI, which simultaneously measures the amount of water present in the atmosphere as vapour, condensation, droplets, or ice. The device provides precise data on natural and anthropogenic cloud formation processes and their influence on climate development.
A handheld device developed by UT Arlington researcher Yuze Sun can analyze a person's breath to reveal the presence of hazardous gases, such as those specific to diabetes. The device has the potential to non-invasively monitor blood sugar levels and detect chemical markers in complex samples.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have created rounded crystals with no facets, resembling starfish shells. These nanolobes have potential applications in guiding light for LEDs and solar cells, as well as repelling water and dirt.
Astronomers have detected water vapour and other molecules on HAT-P-11b, the smallest exoplanet known to harbor these compounds. The discovery is significant for its potential implications on understanding the atmospheres of smaller planets.
A new portable device using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can detect the specific vapors emitted by US currency, potentially helping border guards identify and seize billions of dollars in smuggled cash. The system, called BCDS, is being developed to improve detection and has been shown to work effectively within seconds.
The University of Michigan is developing a wearable vapor sensor that can detect airborne chemicals for continuous disease monitoring. The device has the potential to track conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, anemia, and lung disease.
Researchers found water vapour abundance to be between ten and a thousand times less than predicted models, raising questions about the chemical processes involved in planet formation. The discovery has implications for searching for life on exoplanets capable of supporting it.
A pilot study found that e-cigarettes are more acceptable and effective in helping smokers quit than nicotine inhalers. The devices' better marketing and high acceptance rates contribute to their popularity.
A laboratory study found that e-cigarette vapor increases the virulence of drug-resistant bacteria like MRSA, making them more resistant to human cells and antibiotics. However, e-cigarettes also decrease the ability of human epithelial cells to kill these bacteria.
A study by UC Davis researchers found that laboratory chamber walls can suppress the formation of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere. This effect has contributed to underpredictions of SOA concentrations in regional air quality models, which impacts air quality and climate.
Scientists have found that plant emissions can oxidize to form organic aerosols, which can affect cloud formation and sunlight scattering. The discovery bridges a major gap in knowledge on atmospheric chemistry and has implications for predicting future climate development.
Three students from Northwestern University created a device using pencil traces on paper to measure strain, while also detecting hazardous chemical vapors. The technology uses the conductive properties of graphene, which is shed when drawing on paper, to create a rudimentary electrode.
Researchers developed a mobile app and biosensors that can detect volatile chemicals by analyzing color patterns on the sensor's surface. The biosensors use a turkey-inspired design that changes color when exposed to different chemicals, allowing for easy identification of toxins.
New research reveals global climate sensitivity is higher than previously thought due to correct representation of water vapor in cloud formation. Global temperatures are expected to increase by 3-5°C with a doubling of carbon dioxide, with potentially more extreme warming if emissions are not reduced.