Articles tagged with Cell Models
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Ohio State University used mathematics to study the proteins that influence the birth of a human fat cell, identifying three key proteins: NF-kB, PPAR-gamma, and cyclin D. The study's findings could lead to a better understanding of obesity and insulin resistance.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created a mathematical model of colon inflammation that identifies pro-inflammatory macrophages as key culprits for unregulated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The model allows scientists to explore cellular and molecular changes underlying chronic inflammation, identify intervention points...
Researchers developed two new risk models to predict the survival of HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa. The models identified key factors such as CD4 cell count, clinical stage, and bodyweight that increase the risk of death. These predictions will aid in clinical decision making and improve treatment outcomes.
A new study compares induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and embryonic stem cells in modeling fragile X syndrome, a genetic disorder. The research reveals that the two cell types behave differently in the disease model, with iPS cells not fully replicating the gene silencing process.
Scientists developed a new computational model to identify targets of regulator genes in the human genome. The method combines biochemical and probabilistic modeling to uncover physical models of cell regulation, offering promise for improving understanding of biological systems.
Researchers are creating computer models to study how cells process information and make decisions, with potential implications for understanding cancer. By analyzing molecular mechanisms and interactions, scientists aim to develop more effective cancer treatments.
Yang Cao will use the five-year grant to develop computational methods and mathematical theories to integrate various models of the cell cycle. The project aims to improve understanding of the complex process, which is linked to cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers discovered four small molecules capable of protecting cells from alpha-synuclein toxicity, a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The compounds improved protein trafficking and decreased mitochondrial damage in multiple models, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for the disease.
Scientists developed a quantitative mathematical model of DNA replication and cell division for Caulobacter crescentus, an alpha-proteobacterium crucial to global carbon cycling. The model accurately represents the sequence of physiological events during cell division and predicts the impact of specific mutations on cell function.
A research team led by Sergei Mirkin has developed a yeast model to study the molecular mechanisms of Friedreich's ataxia, a genetic disorder caused by GAA repeat expansions. The team found that proteins facilitating smooth replication fork progression decrease repeat expansions, while those causing fork deviations increase them.
Researchers have gained new understanding of the disease through a groundbreaking animal model, revealing that B cells play a critical role in its development. The study also highlights the importance of aggressive T cells, which attack brain tissue and trigger antibody attacks by B cells.
A new rabbit rectal VX2 carcinoma model has been successfully established, mimicking human rectal carcinoma in pathological representation, tumor development, and metastasis. The model's ease of establishment, short growth period, and high stability make it an ideal major animal model for studying rectal carcinoma.
A UNC-Duke study found that impaired brain plasticity in mice with Angelman syndrome is linked to severe cognitive deficits. The researchers discovered a latent ability for brain cells to express plasticity, which could lead to new treatments or a cure for the disorder.
The Dakota model will enable managers and engineers to predict Li-ion battery behavior, optimize designs, and assess mission requirements. The model will also facilitate the development of new cell technologies and power subsystems.
A new approach in cellular modeling reveals unexpected aspects of cell signaling pathways and suggests that the dynamic range of signals may be a greater determinant of cell behavior. The research offers a chance to uncover biological phenomena that might take thousands of hours to discover in the laboratory.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics recognized student winners of the SIAM Award in the Mathematical Contest in Modeling, who presented their winning papers at the 2008 SIAM Annual Meeting. The contest challenges teams of undergraduate students to clarify, analyze, and propose solutions to open-ended problems.
Researchers have found a new model to explain how signals between cells in the embryo control limb development. Growth factors at the distal tip of the embryonic limb act as instructive molecules controlling bone pattern along the limb length in an animal model.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered a counterintuitive approach to gene therapy that targets the removal of genes to restore cellular function. This method has implications for medical research and optimizing metabolic processes used in biofuel production.
Researchers found that low blood oxygen saturation increases the risk of stroke in children with sickle cell disease. A commonly used predictive model was deemed inadequate, highlighting the need for better screening tools.
A recent study by Kristian E. Baker and Ambro van Hoof directly challenged the 'faux 3' UTR model of mRNA decay, revealing a critical flaw in the existing understanding of this process. This breakthrough discovery has significant implications for gene expression regulation and potential therapeutic strategies for genetic diseases.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a functional equation that explains how cells pack together to form the eyes of Drosophila, or fruit flies. This pared-down model uses only two parameters and demonstrates how it can be applied to different kinds of tissues, leading to potential advances in regenerative medicine.
A team of biologists has developed a model mapping the control circuit governing a whole free-living organism, allowing for accurate prediction of cell dynamics and adaptation to environmental stresses. The study, based on Halobacterium salinarum, provides insights into how cells make stable decisions in response to their environments.
Researchers developed a predictive model using Bayesian network modeling to estimate sickle cell disease severity and predict mortality risk. The model identified laboratory markers and clinical events contributing to the risk of death, providing a personalized disease severity score for therapeutic decisions.
Researchers have discovered a flexible coiled-coil region in dynein that enables rapid conversion of chemical energy into mechanical force, powering cell division and mitochondrial transport. This breakthrough sheds light on the protein's function and may hold implications for understanding neurodegenerative disorders.
The brittlestar model provides a realistic approach to studying stem cells in living organisms, shedding light on the recovery of the nervous system after regeneration. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers created a three-dimensional simulation of plant growth, simulating cell division and auxin concentrations to reveal the molecular mechanism behind phyllotaxis. The model enhances biological experiments and promises accurate models for other organisms' development from primordial stem cells.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified Cbln1 as a key protein maintaining correct synaptic connections in the adult brain. Without Cbln1, synapses weaken and new nerve connections form, disrupting brain function.
Two Yale scientists are part of a research team receiving a $12.3 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to study how cells interact with their environments. The team will develop methods to quantitatively measure, model, and manipulate live cells using non-invasive light-based techniques.
Researchers reveal that a mesh-like protein skeleton gives red blood cells their rubbery ability to stretch without breaking, facilitating oxygen diffusion across the membrane. The model also suggests that deformation of the cell can enhance oxygen movement through narrow capillary openings.
Researchers develop a computational model that accurately predicts cell behavior, revealing intricate protein interactions and improving cancer treatment design. The model has practical applications in developing targeted therapies that don't weaken patients' immune systems.
Researchers discovered that mid-sized nanomaterials (27-30 nm) are optimal for cellular entry. This knowledge can help design drugs to keep viruses out and molecules to enter cells safely. The study's findings have broad implications for developing gene and drug delivery tools.
Researchers created a novel statistical technique to analyze neural activity in response to random, complex images. This approach revealed previously unsuspected mechanisms that contribute to the brain's processing of visual information.
Researchers have developed a humanized mouse model that can produce functional white blood cells, allowing for studies of immune responses against cancer and infection. The model, called NOD-scid IL2Rãnull, combines characteristics of previous models to enable successful engraftment and development of an intact human immune system.
The study found that Twist1 and Hand2 proteins couple to determine the number of digits on a hand, paw or wing, and whether these digits are webbed or not. Additionally, the researchers identified high-frequency mutations in patients with Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome, which may lead to cardiac and placental tissue defects.
Researchers found that treatment with Viagra increases therapeutic levels of nitric oxide in heart cells, stabilizing mitochondria and reducing cell death. This may lead to new treatments for patients with heart failure where loss of cells is primarily due to apoptosis.
A new model reveals that calcium control regulates synaptic plasticity, allowing rapid changes and stabilizing synapses without growing indefinitely. This breakthrough sheds light on the fundamental basis of memory, learning, and brain development.
Researchers found that NF-kB is essential for the initial transition stage of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Inhibiting NF-kB after transition prevents cells from becoming invasive.
Schwartz aims to develop a computer model of self-assembly within cells, which will help researchers understand mechanisms controlling chemical reactions and identify promising drugs that can target viruses effectively. The grant also supports teaching advanced methods in biological modeling and simulation.
The team developed a genome-scale computational model of gene regulation in E. coli, uncovering surprising new details about how the cell responds to oxygen deprivation. The model includes 1,010 genes, including 104 regulatory genes, which regulate the expression of 479 genes involved in metabolism.
Researchers at UVA Health System have developed a cellular model of Parkinson's disease that can be used to study the disease's pathological features and test potential treatments. This model replicates the characteristic Lewy bodies found in brain tissue from patients with advanced Parkinson's disease.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism by which prions replicate their structures in yeast, suggesting a general model for understanding protein aggregation in human diseases. The finding offers potential pathways to treatment and sheds light on the novel mode of inheritance used by yeast prions.
Scientists develop a simple thermodynamic model to describe ice particle formation in atmosphere, independent of solute nature. The model requires only temperature and relative humidity as parameters.
A new model analyzes how patient care plans, clinic profits, and drug manufacturer revenues are affected by outcome-oriented reimbursement policies. The model identifies key factors that influence the optimal treatment plan for individual patients, including initial condition, cost parameters, and insurance reimbursement guidelines.
Researchers suggest that early life forms could have emerged from heterogeneous lipid assemblies, with information stored in composition rather than sequence. This model offers a solution to the long-standing question of how lipid assemblies could carry and propagate information.
Scientists have discovered a gene in yeast that plays a key role in regulating the aging process. The SIR2 gene helps slow down aging by silencing certain genes, and its activation can extend the life span of yeast cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new anti-aging therapies.
Researchers found that blocking the interaction between two naturally occurring molecules restricts tumor growth and spread in mice. Inhibition of RAGE-amphoterin interaction decreased tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion without affecting angiogenesis.
Computational biologist Sorin Istrail shows that the solution of Ising's model cannot be extended into three dimensions for any lattice, making exact solutions unattainable. The model, developed by Ernst Ising in 1926, has been extensively studied in one and two dimensions but remains unsolvable in three dimensions.
The University of Pittsburgh has developed a new organ culture model to study HIV transmission in women, which could lead to breakthroughs in barrier medications and prevention strategies. The model, described in the journal Nature Medicine, closely mimics the stratified cell layers present at sites of sexual transmission in women.
The Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell experiment simulated Earth's climate, the Sun's atmosphere, and other planets' atmospheres in microgravity. Scientists created models of fluid flows in planetary atmospheres using a nickel-coated steel ball, silicone oil, and artificial gravity.
A study published in Marketing Science found that a professors' model for choosing films can improve profitability by 30-120% compared to movie exhibitors' own choices. The model, which uses operations research and quantitative techniques, recommends selecting fewer 'right' movies and running them longer.
A team of scientists at CIIT published an up-to-date risk assessment for cancer from inhaled formaldehyde, integrating the latest mechanistic knowledge and incorporating a two-stage clonal growth model. The new model predicts lower risks for environmental and workplace exposures compared to earlier models.
A mathematical model of H.pylori bacteria and their human hosts reveals the key role played by adherent bacteria in colonization, as well as the dynamic relationship between host response and bacterial persistence. The model sheds light on the complex interactions between the bacteria and human immune system.
A workshop at UBC brought together faculty and graduate students from the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIms) with industrial partners to solve six practical problems. The team successfully identified a better way to identify cancerous lesions in lungs, reducing mortality rates.
The Stanford research group synthesized a compound that replicates the chemical wizardry of cytochrome c oxidase, a vital biochemical process found in all oxygen-using organisms. The model converts oxygen molecules into water, releasing energy to charge biological batteries and generate heat.
Scientists at UC Berkeley developed a 3D model that explains the size and shape of tectonic plates, predicting they are larger than previously thought due to increased mantle viscosity. The model simulates convection cells in the mantle, resulting in large plates and subduction zones.