Articles tagged with Longitudinal Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new University of Michigan study found that more than one in 10 GenXers are enrolled in classes to continue their formal educations, with 48% taking continuing education courses. The study also revealed that GenXers have earned graduate and professional degrees at a higher rate than any previous generation.
A systematic review of longitudinal studies found that intimate partner violence nearly doubled the odds of subsequent depression in women. Conversely, women with depression were at increased risk of experiencing intimate partner violence.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that people who gain weight are more likely to exhibit impulsive behavior but also report increased deliberation. This surprising finding suggests an intimate relationship between a person's physiology and psychology.
A Georgia Tech study found that users who share informational content, are happy and avoid negative posts attract more followers. The study also discovered that certain network structures have a predictable effect on follower growth.
Research finds that individuals living in urban areas with green space report less mental distress and higher life satisfaction. The effect is significant even after accounting for income, employment, marital status, physical health, and housing type.
Researchers found a 23% total radiation dose reduction in abdominal CT exams using iterative reconstruction and longitudinal dose modulation. This translates to between 1,000 and 3,000 fewer radiation-induced cancers annually, based on Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivor assumptions.
A study found that states with stricter school meal nutrition standards had better weight status among students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches, compared to those without such standards. The association was particularly strong among low-income students.
A new study published in Psychological Science suggests that chronic negative emotions in response to daily stressors can take a toll on long-term mental health. The research found that participants' overall levels of negative emotions predicted psychological distress and diagnosis of emotional disorders ten years later.
A new longitudinal study found that teens who struggled to connect with their peers in early adolescence were more likely to have difficulty establishing close friendships in young adulthood. Conversely, those who established autonomy and independence from peer influences had lower risks of problems with alcohol and substance use.
Research from the University of Georgia found that middle school students who date are four times more likely to drop out and report higher substance use. Teachers reported better study skills among those who never or rarely dated during this period.
A nationwide study reveals that taking out loans actually makes graduation more likely for all students, but debt has diminishing returns and becomes less effective at boosting chances of graduation after $2,000. Women tend to carry more debt to finance college due to better job prospects for men without a degree.
A new study found that differential parenting behavior in one child can lead to increased mental health problems in all family members. Mothers with high cumulative risk factors exhibited more extreme variations in affection and discipline across their children.
A study published in the Journal of Nursing Care Quality found that early-career registered nurses (RNs) are underutilized in hospital quality improvement efforts. The research team recommends strategies such as self-directed online modules, mentoring, and better data systems to optimize RN engagement.
A new study reveals that motivation and study skills, not intelligence, are key to long-term growth in math achievement. Students who were intrinsically motivated, used effective learning strategies, and avoided rote learning showed more growth in math ability.
Children with better language skills as toddlers tend to express less anger in preschool. They use strategies like seeking support and distracting themselves to manage frustration. This study found that developing language skills predicts later anger regulation.
A new study by Dr. Elizabeth Mokyr Horner found that individuals experience a large improvement in well-being and life satisfaction after retirement, but this benefit stabilizes at age 70 regardless of the individual's retirement age. The researcher concludes that well-being may be affected minimally by increasing the retirement age.
Researchers found that individuals who dwell on daily stressors and become increasingly upset are more likely to suffer from chronic health issues. The study suggests that learning how to manage stress is key to maintaining good health.
A new study reveals that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) develop similarly to their peers at 6 months of age, but diverge later on. The research, conducted over three years, examined the development of 235 children with and without ASD from 6 to 36 months.
Guang Yue's 2-year NIH grant aims to investigate the impact of chemotherapy on white matter integrity and corresponding neurophysiological function. The study will explore structural changes in the corpus callosum and corticospinal tract, shedding light on the underlying causes of neurological side effects.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin suggests that individuals who have their first sexual experience later than average may have more satisfying romantic relationships in adulthood. These participants were also less likely to be married and had fewer romantic partners.
A study from Rice University found that women are twice as likely as men to use emoticons in text messages. The study also revealed that while women may use emoticons more frequently, men used a larger variety of emoticons to express themselves.
Researchers tracked nearly 2,000 youths in Chicago up to 5 years after release, finding over 45% of males and 30% of females had one or more psychiatric disorders. Substance use disorder was the most persistent and prevalent, with rates dropping less dramatically for girls than boys as they age.
A study found that nearly half of males and 30% of females had psychiatric disorders five years after detention, highlighting the long-term impact of juvenile incarceration on mental health. Substance use disorders were the most common, with males having a higher risk than females.
A study by CNIO researchers finds that the rate of telomere shortening determines longevity in mammals. Individuals with slower telomere shortening tend to live longer, suggesting a new approach to predicting life expectancy.
The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is a comprehensive study on aging that will investigate factors affecting health and quality of life in Canadians. The Montreal component, launched by the Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, will collect data from 3,000 people between ages 45-85 for a 20-year period.
A new study found that immigrant parents' education levels before migration are more strongly tied to their children's academic achievement in the US than any other social or economic factor. The study also highlights the importance of cognitive stimulation and socioeconomic status in determining child outcomes.
Research compares immigrant children in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US, finding they excel academically despite initial language struggles. Despite cultural differences, social institutions help immigrant children overcome early language barriers.
A recent study found that children of immigrants have an advantage in academic achievement and school engagement compared to their native-born peers. The research, conducted at Johns Hopkins University, analyzed data from over 10,000 children aged 13-17 and followed them into adulthood.
New research published by the American Psychological Association suggests that playing mature-rated, risk-glorifying video games can lead to increased rebelliousness and sensation seeking among adolescents. These traits are strongly associated with risky driving habits, automobile accidents, police stops, and a willingness to drink and...
A study of over 5,000 mothers from immigrant Latino, Asian, and White backgrounds reveals varying levels of mental health, household conflicts, and reading with young children. Immigrant families often display important strengths in parenting that may buffer the negative effects of poverty.
A new study by the University of Chicago shows that 60 percent of grandparents provided some care for their grandchildren during a 10-year period. Grandparents with less income and less education are more likely to take on care for their grandchildren, highlighting the diversity in grandparent care.
A new study reveals a significant prevalence of respiratory problems among people aged 85 years and over, with 20% of men and 21% of women having asthma or COPD. The study highlights the growing need for healthcare professionals to understand the challenges faced by this rapidly aging population.
Researchers found that midlife fitness levels can lower the onset of chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure, Alzheimer's disease, and colon cancer decades later. Fitter individuals aged well with fewer chronic illnesses to impact their quality of life.
A new longitudinal study found that sacrificing sleep time for studying can lead to increased academic problems the following day. The study, conducted at UCLA, analyzed data from 535 students in grades 9-12 and found that extra hours of studying reduced sleep time led to poorer performance on tests and homework.
A new study found that spending time with parents increases in early and middle adolescence, despite a decline in overall parent-teen interaction. Teens who spend more time alone with their dads experience better social skills with peers, while those with mothers report higher self-worth.
A nationwide study suggests that about 80% of married couples who undergo long-term separations ultimately divorce, most within three years. Those who remain separated tend to be from racial and ethnic minorities, have low family income and education, and have young children.
A nationwide study suggests that long-term separations are often a low-cost alternative to divorce for disadvantaged couples. Researchers found that about 80% of respondents who went through marital separation ultimately divorced, with those in racial and ethnic minorities, low family income, and education more likely to remain separated.
Married men tend to consume fewer drinks than single, divorced, or widowed men due to their wives' lower levels of drinking. In contrast, long-term married women often consume more drinks than recently divorced or widowed women, who may experience increased drinking after a divorce.
Christiane A. Hoppmann has received the 2012 Baltes Foundation Award from the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) for her groundbreaking research on lifespan human development and health psychology. Her work focuses on understanding the mechanisms linking social interrelations to long-term developmental outcomes.
A study by Norwegian University of Science and Technology found that normal-weight teenagers who perceive themselves as fat are more likely to become obese as adults. The researchers analyzed data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, finding a significant association between perceived weight and actual obesity.
Researchers have found genetic markers that may influence educational achievement, including genes involved in attention regulation and motivation. The study identified three genes – DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4 – as possible markers for academic success.
A Northwestern University study found that chronic pain develops when two brain sections communicate excessively, increasing the likelihood of chronic pain. Researchers predicted with 85% accuracy which participants would develop chronic pain based on brain scan data.
A University at Buffalo study found that smokers consuming the most fruit and vegetables were three times more likely to abstain from tobacco use for at least 30 days. These findings persisted even when adjusting for other factors such as age and health orientation.
Longitudinal studies suggest that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may lower the risk of cognitive decline and dementia by approximately 35-45%. Moderate drinking patterns may also offer cardiovascular benefits. However, further research is needed to understand the optimal pattern of drinking for protection against cognitive decline.
A new study by Rush University Medical Center found that daily physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. The study, which tracked the activities of 716 older individuals over 3.5 years, showed that those in the bottom 10% of daily physical activity were more than twice as likely t...
A new study found that having a matched-background mentor increases feelings of belonging among ethnic minority students in STEM fields. The researchers surveyed high-achieving, ethnically diverse teens who attended a summer science camp and found that most underrepresented students preferred mentors from their own background.
New research reveals women are 40% more likely to be admitted to care homes than men, primarily due to their partners' age-related frailty. The study highlights the importance of considering age differences in future health planning as life expectancy gaps between men and women narrow.
A new study found that low-income preschoolers who receive regular, print-focused instruction show significant improvement in reading and spelling skills. The study suggests that encouraging young children to attend to and interact with print during the preschool years can foster long-term literacy development.
A recent study found that depression is common among stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, with nearly two-thirds of them not receiving treatment. The study suggests that brain injury and vascular risk factors may contribute to the development of depression in these patients.
A new study by Ohio State University suggests that adults who receive an inheritance spend roughly half of what they receive, while the rest is lost or spent. The study, which analyzed data from over 7,500 participants, found that nearly one-third of all inheritors saw a decline or no change in their wealth after getting an inheritance.
A recent study found that boys' initial enthusiasm for upper secondary school gives way to cynicism and negativity as they progress. Girls experience a sense of inadequacy, which may lead to depression later in life. The study highlights the importance of effective stress management and supportive environments to promote positive growth.
Tel Aviv University research found obesity can decrease risk of death after 85 years old, with excess fat providing protection against osteoporosis and energy storage during trauma or stress. However, quality of life may still be affected by obesity-related illnesses.
Mothers whose children attended high-quality nonparental care were more likely to be involved in their children's schools later. The quality of early care was cumulative, with long-term effects on school readiness.
A longitudinal qualitative study found that older adults work hard to maintain their health and independence, but struggle when they become dependent on others. Support and care must be responsive to the individual's needs and perspectives to enhance dignity.
A longitudinal study of over 17,000 youths found that frequent school absences are associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems during adolescence. Students who were chronically absent in one year tended to have more depression and antisocial problems in subsequent years.
A longitudinal study found that teens who express their own viewpoints in discussions with their mothers are more likely to resist peer pressure. The study also discovered that arguing well with parents about various topics helps teens stand up to peer influences.
A new study from the University of New Hampshire found that older runners' running economy is no different than that of younger runners, but maintaining this efficiency comes at a higher cost, including lower VO2 max and maximal heart rates. Researchers recommend strength training to minimize age-related decline in performance.
A study published in Archives of Dermatology found that individuals with acne treated with oral antibiotics are more likely to report symptoms of pharyngitis, or sore throat. The researchers also discovered a lower association between topical antibiotic use and pharyngitis, as well as no link to group A streptococcus colonization rates.
Researchers identified increased sensitivity to pain stimuli, altered heart rate responses, and genetic variations in patients with chronic TMJD. The study also found that socio-economic status does not correlate with TMJD incidence, contrasting with other chronic pain conditions.
A new study by Oregon State University found that men experiencing persistently moderate to high levels of stressful life events have a 50% higher mortality rate. The study, which documented patterns of stress over 18 years, identified protective factors such as good health and moderate drinking habits.