Articles tagged with Longitudinal Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Despite growing numbers of centenarians, Chinese oldest-old population faces poor physical and cognitive function. Research finds decreased mortality rates, but worsening physical and cognitive abilities among the aged.
Researchers analyzed data from over 4700 women to find a significant association between early puberty and later development of gestational diabetes. Women who started their periods before age 11 were 50% more likely to develop gestational diabetes.
A longitudinal study by LMU Munich researchers found that positive emotions and success in math learning mutually reinforce each other. Students who enjoyed and took pride in math had even better achievement than those with high intelligence.
A longitudinal study found that harsh parenting predicts low educational attainment through increasing peer problems. Harsh parenting, defined as yelling, hitting, and coercive behaviors, was related to present-oriented behaviors at the cost of future-oriented educational goals.
The University of Illinois Chicago will continue its research on risk and protective factors for drinking among lesbian or bisexual women, led by Tonda Hughes. The five-year study aims to examine the impact of stressful experiences on psychological suffering and hazardous drinking in adult sexual-minority women.
A new study by Northwestern Medicine documents poor long-term outcomes of delinquent youth after juvenile detention, highlighting stark racial and ethnic disparities. Females functioned significantly better than males in nearly every domain, despite facing similar problems.
A study published in The BMJ found that sustained enjoyment of life over several years is associated with lower mortality. Researchers analyzed data from 9,365 participants aged 50 and older, finding a dose-response association between sustained wellbeing and reduced risk of death.
A new study from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology found a correlation between hormonal contraceptives used by women and their frequency of sex with partners. Women who used contraception with more progesterone were most sexually active when faithful and loyal to their partners.
Researchers found that greater weight increases the likelihood of night sweats and hot flashes in early menopause, but reduces these symptoms throughout menopause. Maintaining a healthy weight before and at the onset of menopause may help reduce hot flashes and night sweats.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that nearly 27% of medical students experience depression or depressive symptoms, with only 16% seeking treatment. The study suggests stress and anxiety from medical school may contribute to these mental health issues.
A recent study by Paula England found that highly skilled women with high wages lose an average of 10% in their wage per child, while those with lower skills and wages experience a smaller penalty. The penalties for black women are lower than for white women, but do not vary significantly by skill or wage level.
A new study from Finland found that a sedentary lifestyle is linked to poorer reading skills in the first three school years of 6-8 year old boys. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time may improve academic achievement in boys.
A new study by Indiana University finds that bisexual individuals are paid less than their heterosexual counterparts for doing the same jobs. The research suggests that workplace discrimination may be a factor contributing to this wage gap, particularly for bisexual men and women.
Researchers found that problems spread between siblings within behavioral domains, then escalate and spread across different domains. Sibling influence is a risk factor for illicit substance use, predicting substance use by both twins.
A study published in Frontiers found that individuals with greater self-control tend to engage in healthier behaviors, which in turn improve their executive function. The research suggests a bidirectional relationship between physical activity, executive function, and healthy behavior.
A study of over 150 meth users found that those with impulsive personalities were more likely to start using the drug at an earlier age. The researchers discovered a strong link between attentional and motor impulsivity, which contributed to early meth use.
A new IU study found that workers in high-stress jobs with little control over their workflow are more likely to die younger or have poorer health than those with more flexibility and discretion. The researchers suggest restructuring some jobs to provide employees with more say about how the work gets done.
Perls is recognized for his research on exceptional longevity, which reveals strong family clustering, compressed disability, and a genetic influence on survival that increases with age. He has published extensively on the subject and is a vocal critic of the anti-aging industry.
Research reveals that single people value meaningful work and are more connected to family, friends, and coworkers. Longitudinal studies show single individuals experience heightened self-determination and continued personal growth.
A University of Queensland study found that over a decade after hysterectomy with ovary conservation, nearly one-third of women experienced persistent hot flushes, while almost half suffered from frequent night sweats. The study suggests an abrupt decline in estrogen levels may contribute to this increased risk.
A large-scale study found that individuals with lower vitamin D levels were twice as likely to exhibit significant cognitive decline over time. Vitamin D is also associated with a reduced risk of neuron damage and loss, suggesting its potential role in preventing cognitive decline.
Researchers found that teenagers and young adults who expected to get married within five years committed fewer delinquent acts in the next year. The study suggests that the expectation of marriage may change behavior, as people may feel pressure to act more like an adult to gain social acceptance.
A study from North Carolina State University found that US young adults can be categorized into four groups: independent, dependent, independent non-adults, and residential dependents. The findings suggest that the concept of independence is more nuanced than previously thought.
Research from UC Davis Health System found that premenstrual mood changes, abdominal cramps, and breast pain are linked to inflammation, while headache is not. The study suggests that hormonal factors play a role in the onset of symptoms and may require tailored treatments.
A five-year study found that men and women in engineering programs experience different expectations and outcomes, with women expecting negative experiences and this deterring them from staying. The research aims to develop methods to retain vulnerable populations in the engineering pipeline and provide evidence-based interventions.
A study published in Journal of Traumatic Stress found that PTSD is a strong predictor of lower sexual satisfaction in both male and female veterans. In contrast, male veterans with PTSD had similar sexual activity rates as those without the condition.
A study found that urban neighborhoods with more walkable design have lower rates of overweight, obesity, and diabetes compared to less walkable areas. The prevalence of these conditions increased in less walkable neighborhoods between 2001 and 2012.
Researchers found a strong link between pesticide exposure and the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Pesticide exposure was associated with increased risk in survey data and blood measurements, highlighting the need for further studies on environmental factors.
Researchers found that women are more likely than men to experience financial stressors and report violence, but the study doesn't prove a direct link. The study's findings affirm the complexity of domestic violence, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A recent study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that smokers have a much harder time finding work than nonsmokers. After controlling for various factors, the research showed that smokers remained unemployed longer and earned substantially less than their non-smoking counterparts.
Researchers found that impaired Nrf2 activity leads to increased hemolytic anemia, vascular inflammation, and lung injury in SCD mice. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 improved survival and reduced age-related adverse effects.
A study of 2,221 adults with severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery found that approximately 50-70% experienced clinically significant improvements in pain and physical function over 3 years. Younger age, male sex, and weight loss were associated with greater improvements.
The SleepHealth app tracks users' sleep quality, duration, and related health issues, providing insights for research and a personalized tool to improve well-being. The app aims to accelerate treatments and interventions for sleep disorders, impacting public health.
A longitudinal study of 150 deaf children will assess the impact of early language exposure on their visual attention and processing abilities. The research team hopes to determine whether early exposure to American Sign Language (ASL) enhances sequence processing in deaf students.
A study of over 550 Australian children found that girls were 19% less active than boys, with lower fitness levels and weaker home and school support. The authors suggest strategies to increase physical activity for girls should focus on home, school, and extracurricular activities
A recent study published in Race and Social Problems found that black young adults have significantly more student loan debt than their white counterparts, due to disparities in parental wealth, family background, and college choices. The study suggests that the racial gap in student loan debt may be exacerbated by limited access to fi...
Researchers found that small increases in social spending can reduce the risk of dying from various causes, including coronary heart disease. Welfare spending was shown to lower mortality by nearly 3 percentage points per $250 spent per person per year.
A longitudinal study of over 6,000 adults found that lower self-rated health and age-related decrements in processing speed are strong predictors of mortality risk. Being a woman and having better perceived health were also associated with reduced mortality risk.
Research suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may be beneficial for cardiovascular health, with studies showing a lower risk of heart failure and acute myocardial infarction among frequent drinkers. However, high levels of alcohol consumption were associated with increased risks of other diseases and social problems.
A new Northwestern Medicine study found that an adolescent male's attitude toward risky sex, pregnancy, and birth control can predict whether he will end up living with his future offspring. Young men who felt more favorable towards pregnancy had a higher chance of becoming nonresident fathers.
Negative attitudes towards aging have been shown to negatively affect both physical and cognitive health in older adults. Participants with positive attitudes exhibited improved cognitive ability. Researchers highlight the importance of societal-wide interventions targeting attitudes towards aging.
A new study examined the early expression of genetic risk for schizophrenia in adolescence, finding associations between psychopathological features and increased risk. The research, published in JAMA Psychiatry, highlights the importance of monitoring genetic risk factors during critical developmental periods.
A new study found that prenatal methamphetamine exposure can lead to targeted behavioral issues, but a supportive home environment significantly decreases their severity. The study surveyed 290 children and found strong relations between prenatal methamphetamine exposure and rule-breaking behavior.
A study found that smoking bans worked best in reducing smoking among casual smokers, while high taxes were more effective for heavy users. Combining both policies did not show an additional impact on smoking rates.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism suggests that high testosterone levels may increase the risk of developing uterine fibroids in midlife women. Women with both high testosterone and estrogen levels faced a greater risk of developing fibroids.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 54 studies involving over 17,000 physicians found that nearly one-third screened positive for depression or depressive symptoms during residency. The overall pooled prevalence was 29%, with an increased prevalence in later calendar years.
A Yale-led study finds that individuals with negative beliefs about aging are more likely to develop brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Combatting these negative beliefs could potentially reduce the rising rate of Alzheimer's disease.
A new study published in the American Sociological Review found that more than half of children in the US either misperceive or reject their parents' political party affiliations. The study suggests that parent-child communication and social support do not necessarily lead to accurate transmission of political values.
Researchers develop simple raisin test to forecast a child's attention and learning capacity. The test shows that premature-born toddlers are more likely to struggle with attention regulation and academic achievement.
A new longitudinal study found that adolescents' mood swings decline gradually as they get older, stabilizing by mid-adolescence. This decrease in mood variability is linked to fewer significant life events and better emotional regulation skills.
A new grant from the NIH will support the creation of a national chimpanzee brain resource at GW University, providing access to tissue samples, MRI scans, and data for scientists. The resource aims to promote further study of chimpanzee brains for future generations.
New research suggests that multiracial individuals may be healthier than minority peers who consistently identify as monoracial. Health care systems continue to use outdated approaches to racial categorization, masking health conditions and obscuring disparities in healthcare access and utilization among multiracial populations.
A new study finds that choosing a college major can significantly impact lifetime earnings, with STEM majors resulting in $700,000 to $800,000 higher earnings. In contrast, social science or liberal arts majors with advanced degrees may not see substantial increases in lifetime earnings.
A new study suggests that women's sexual identities are more flexible and adaptive than men's, with women being more likely to report bisexuality. Women who have favorable options in the heterosexual partner market may be less likely to explore relationships with same-sex partners.
Research by the University of Liverpool found that those who recognize they are overweight are more likely to experience weight gain than those unaware of their weight status. This is due to increased overeating in response to stress, making it challenging to adopt healthier lifestyles.
Researchers link positive and negative mood to daily pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients, suggesting that interventions targeting depression and momentary mood may improve pain and quality of life. The study's findings may have implications for individuals with chronic pain beyond rheumatoid arthritis.
A recent study has discovered a blood marker that can help identify women at risk for postpartum depression, a debilitating disorder affecting nearly 20% of new mothers. The oxytocin receptor marker is associated with increased risk and may enable early identification and intervention.
A recent study found that secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of stroke by 30% for nonsmokers, regardless of other factors such as hypertension and heart disease. The study, which analyzed data from over 22,000 participants, suggests stricter smoking regulations to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
A new study suggests a causal pathway between job strain and disturbed sleep, implying that interventions to treat sleep problems may improve work satisfaction. Higher work demands predicted subsequent sleep disturbances, while sleep disturbances also predicted higher stress levels.
The study found that out of 25 cities, five had the worst commutes in 2011, while cities like Omaha and Las Vegas had the shortest. The UC study also analyzed how commuting travel changed between 1990 and 2002 and from 2002 to 2011, providing new insights into the impact of planners' efforts on traffic congestion.