Articles tagged with Longitudinal Studies
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals that middle-aged Americans have worse health than their English counterparts, particularly among the poor. The difference in health between rich and poor is much larger in the US, with even top-income earners showing higher rates of diabetes and mental health conditions.
Dyslexia compromises phoneme processing due to continuous acoustic variation in natural speech, making detection of phonemes challenging for individuals with developmental reading-deficit dyslexia. Neural-level evidence suggests difficulties in categorizing speech sounds, impacting the learning of native language phonemes.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that individuals with sarcopenic obesity had a similar prevalence of metabolic syndrome as those without sarcopenia. The study also did not detect an association between the presence of sarcopenic obesity and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
A recent study by the University of Texas at Austin found that patients with chronic disease who used patient portals were less likely to be hospitalized, need emergency care or be readmitted. These users also had shorter hospital stays, resulting in significant cost savings for hospitals.
A new study finds that encouraging people to mimic successful exercise strategies used by their friends increases time spent exercising. Copy-paste prompts, a simple and costless nudge, can boost goal achievement in various domains.
Children of parents with a degree perform better in maths at age 11, with a gap that doesn't widen through secondary school. The study highlights the importance of parental education in supporting maths attainment, and recommends strategies to improve parental education as a way to increase child achievement.
New research suggests that upward income mobility is associated with a trade-off between well-being and cardiometabolic health. Despite improved mental health, individuals who experience upward mobility may fare worse in terms of heart health compared to those with consistent disadvantage or advantage.
A traditional vegetable diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients can lower the risk of premature birth. Consuming high amounts of carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, and other vegetables before conception helps women reach full term pregnancy.
A longitudinal study found little support for the Ferguson Effect, a decrease in police morale and proactive policing. However, low job satisfaction and cynicism among officers were associated with reduced police activity. The study suggests addressing officers' attitudes is crucial for promoting community engagement and proactive poli...
A 10-year longitudinal study found that young people given a religious upbringing at home by both parents have the strongest faith in God. In contrast, those with only one parent or no parental influence experience wavering faith.
Domiciled feeding studies have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of dietary influences on health by providing controlled and standardized environments. By minimizing participant variability, these studies can elucidate complex interactions between diet changes, microbiota, and host physiology.
A Stanford study finds that young adults are unaware of the nicotine content in vaping products like Juul, raising concerns about their use and regulation. The study's findings also suggest that teens hide vaping products to avoid detection and choose them for stealth use and less noticeable smell.
Researchers are examining the outcomes of neonates who undergo treatment at Children's Specialized Hospital for withdrawal from prenatal exposure to opioids. The study aims to understand the factors that influence the severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and responses to treatment protocols.
Adults with low fruit and vegetable consumption have a higher likelihood of being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Body fat levels are also significantly linked, with total body fat increasing by 70% or more elevating the risk.
Researchers discovered that the transverse arch (TA) contributes significantly to the stiffness of the human foot, with half of its stiffness attributed to this structure. The study's findings have implications for understanding flatfoot disorder and the design of robotic feet.
A cross-sectional study in Japan compared primary care experiences in hospital-based practices and community-based office practices. Patients reported better patient experience of community orientation at community-based offices, while hospital-based practices offered better first contact experiences.
Highly active Finnish women watch less television than low-active peers, whereas highly active men tend to watch more. This suggests that motivation and lifestyle factors differ between genders in determining TV viewing time.
A new study predicts that end-of-life care needs in Ireland will nearly double over the next 30 years, driven by population aging. The estimated 84% increase will put a strain on palliative care capacity, emphasizing the need for increased funding and workforce development.
A national study has found that male and female nurses are at a higher risk of suicide compared to the general population. The study, published in WORLDviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, highlights the need for suicide prevention programs specifically tailored for nurses.
A Yale-led team found that parental monitoring and teen awareness of their parents' attitudes on alcohol use can have life-saving effects. The study showed that teens who knew their parents disapproved of drinking were less likely to drive while impaired four years later.
Women who worked consistently during their prime midlife years had better physical health than non-working women later in life, according to a new study published in Demography. The research also found that working women were less depressed and lived longer, with a lower risk of death by 2012.
A new study found that postmenopausal women experience more sleep problems, including insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, compared to premenopausal and perimenopausal women. Researchers confirmed the increase in sleep disorders as women transition from perimenopause to postmenopause.
A new longitudinal study found that e-cigarette use increases the risk of developing chronic lung diseases like asthma and bronchitis. Dual users of e-cigarettes and smoked tobacco are at an even higher risk of developing lung disease.
Despite growing older population, studies show that loneliness levels among similar-aged adults have not increased over time, but rather above age 75, loneliness increases. Researchers suggest older adults maintain good health, social relationships to reduce loneliness.
The study aimed to understand how the properties of tubulin dimers and protofilaments depend on GTP hydrolysis. Scientists verified the first hypothesis that GTP affects flexibility in bonds between dimers, enabling easier straightening of microtubules.
Researchers found that women following healthful dietary patterns had lower risk of decline in hearing sensitivity. The study, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, suggests that eating a healthy diet may help prevent or delay hearing loss.
A recent NIH-funded study found that older Mexican Americans who suffer from pain are 1.7 times likelier to become frail than those without pain. Frailty can lead to poor health outcomes and is associated with factors such as age, depression, and difficulty performing daily activities.
A new study found that depression is linked to nutrition in middle-aged and older Canadians, with lower intakes of fruits and vegetables being a risk factor. The study also found that immigrant women were more likely to experience depression than Canadian-born women.
Researchers found no evidence that childhood household chores improve children's self-control, a key personality trait. However, the study revealed that high self-control at age 10 and improved self-control over time are associated with better job outcomes.
Interventions aimed at reducing obesity, sedentary behavior, smoking cessation, and improving physical activity have the potential to delay or reduce frailty. Age is a strong predictor of frailty, with other variables such as modifiable risk factors like obesity and lower body strength also being significant risk factors.
A new UCL-led study found that the lowest-paid workers in the UK have three more years of retirement on average compared to their professional counterparts. However, they are also more likely to suffer from ill health after retiring.
A groundbreaking study found that employees who worked in a Maharishi Vastu building scored higher on the standardized Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, generating 50-80% more original ideas. The study suggests that traditional systems of architecture can have wide-ranging benefits.
Research by Trinity College Dublin's TILDA study found that Irish adults aged 50 and older are more likely to experience poor health if they get less than 7 hours of sleep per night. The study also discovered a link between moderate physical activity and normal sleep patterns.
A study of 548 older adults found that fragmented physical activity, measured by brief periods of activity and sedentary states, was associated with increased mortality risk. The researchers suggest that this may be an earlier indicator of mortality than total daily activity levels.
A new study by Barcelona Institute for Global Health found that long-term exposure to green spaces can prevent metabolic syndrome and its individual components. The study analyzed data from over 6,000 adults in the UK and found a significant association between green space exposure and lower risk of metabolic syndrome.
A field experiment found that positive, nonenforcement contact between police and residents improved attitudes towards the police. The study's findings suggest that community-oriented policing can increase public trust and police legitimacy, especially among minority communities.
A new study from Finland found that adolescents with higher levels of physical activity performed better in school during a two-year follow-up period. However, the results also showed that increasing physical activity did not necessarily result in improved academic performance, and may even lead to lower grades for some participants.
A new study found that adolescents who engage in more fun-seeking behaviors tend to exhibit both risk-taking and prosocial behavior. Researchers also discovered that faster brain development in certain regions is associated with less rebellious behavior.
A Rutgers-led study found that intimate partner violence increases the probability of material hardship by 10-25% among women. Physical and controlling abuse had strongest associations with material hardship, highlighting the need for policy makers to consider the economic impact on vulnerable families.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin found that lower levels of specific vitamins and antioxidants are consistently associated with frailty in older adults. The study also suggests that micronutrient insufficiencies may act as an easily modified marker for frailty, offering new potential treatments.
A longitudinal study of 3,756 U.S. medical students found that racism in medical school was associated with graduating students' decisions to provide care in high-need communities. Strategies such as service learning experiences and a curriculum focused on minority health can increase intention to practice in underserved areas.
A new meta-analysis of 31 studies found that parent-based interventions increase condom use among adolescents and have specific features that enhance their effectiveness. These include targeting younger adolescents, culturally specific programs, equal involvement of parents and teens, and longer program durations.
A new study reveals that school suspensions are not only ineffective but also increase subsequent offending behaviors, including assault, stealing, and selling drugs. The research found that exclusionary discipline amplifies deviant behavior among youth, leading to higher crime rates in schools, neighborhoods, and communities.
A new study from Oregon State University found that military veterans exposed to combat were more likely to exhibit signs of depression and anxiety in later life. The study suggests that combat experience has a unique impact on mental health trajectories in late life, independent of other health issues or stressful life events.
A two-year study of day traders found that balanced professional networks lead to better performance and improved high-risk decisions. The researchers discovered that workers naturally gravitate towards a state of balance in their relationships, which ultimately frees up mental energy for making better trades.
A new study published in BMJ found that people who increased their daily servings of red meat over an eight-year period were more likely to die during the subsequent eight years. The study also discovered that decreasing red meat and simultaneously increasing healthy alternative food choices led to lower mortality rates.
LGBT-identifying females are at increased risk of substance use starting at age 13, with rates 400% higher than heterosexual peers. Early intervention efforts may help prevent substance use and reduce disparities.
A new meta-analysis of 18 studies found that smoking does not accelerate telomere shortening, challenging the long-held assumption that smoking affects telomere length. Adult telomere length is now considered a static biomarker rather than a dynamic indicator of ageing.
A study of over 3,000 children followed from age 9 to 17 found that those with persistent obesity experience increased arterial stiffness, a clear sign of atherosclerosis. The researchers emphasize the importance of normalizing fat mass and improving metabolic health in this age group.
A new study by Australian National University found that the death of a close friend can significantly impact a person's physical health, mental wellbeing, and social life for up to four years. The researchers warn that inadequate support during this time is leading to poor health outcomes.
Research from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study found that positive mother-child interactions during early life predicted higher education, less decline in episodic memory, and greater marital satisfaction. These findings suggest a long-lasting impact of early life relationships on later cognitive development.
A longitudinal study found that changes in individuals with head injuries were associated with increases in self-reported and violent offending among adolescents and early adults. Head injury is five to eight times more common among individuals involved with the criminal-justice system than in the general population.
A 3-year longitudinal study shows that repeated media coverage of collective traumas can fuel a cycle of distress, exacerbating fear about future adversities. The study found that individuals who have experienced violence or mental health issues are more susceptible to this pattern.
Researchers discovered a previously unknown brain area that processes auditory words, but not visual ones, in patients with primary progressive aphasia. Despite struggling to verbalize words, these patients could still communicate through writing and reading.
A two-year observational study found childhood maltreatment associated with altered brain structure and increased risk of clinical depression relapse. The study identified a link between childhood trauma and reduced surface area in the insular cortex, a part of the brain involved in emotion regulation.
A new study published in Circulation Journal Report found that drinking sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. Replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened drinks may also pose a risk, particularly for women.
A study published in Pediatric Research found that having a TV in the bedroom at age 4 is associated with later physical, mental, and social problems. Children who spent more time watching TV in their room had higher body mass indexes, unhealthy eating habits, lower sociability, and increased emotional distress.
A recent study by Professor Thomas Götz found that students feel better in an environment with lower overall standards than in one with higher standards. The study, involving over 7,700 German school students, suggests a reciprocal effect where achievement influences emotions and emotions influence achievement.
A new study found that low-income boys' inattention in kindergarten is associated with lower earnings 30 years later, while prosocial behavior is linked to higher earnings. The research followed 920 boys from low-income neighborhoods and found that teachers' ratings of inattention were a significant predictor of adult earnings.
A 21-year longitudinal study found that family stress, maternal depression, and lack of active stimulation are significant risk factors for childhood obesity. The study, published in Childhood Obesity, identified four BMI trajectories through childhood, highlighting the importance of early intervention strategies.