Articles tagged with Longitudinal Studies
A recent study published in AJR found that gallbladder polyps can fluctuate significantly in size and number over time. The authors suggest revising guidelines to reflect this variability, with no cases of gallbladder carcinoma identified in patients who underwent cholecystectomy.
Patients with bipolar disorder experiencing manic episodes show abnormal brain changes, including faster cortical thinning, compared to those without episodes. The study also found associations between brain ventricle enlargement and accelerated cognitive decline in bipolar patients.
A significant overall rise in depression symptoms was found among UK over-50s during the COVID-19 pandemic. 26% of participants met the criteria for clinical depression, compared to 14% prior to the pandemic. The study identified key risk factors, including living alone, long-term health conditions, and urban environment.
A study of over 11,000 elementary school students found Black children are 3.5 times more likely to receive detentions or suspensions than their white peers, even after controlling for socioeconomic factors. This disparity suggests individual biases and systemic racism may be contributing to the findings.
A new research project aims to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive social, environmental, and health promotion services in affordable housing settings. The study will track the impact of these programs on residents, building culture, and housing conditions over time.
Researchers from the University of Malta applied genomics to identify genetic variants causing pregnancy-induced diabetes, highlighting the disorder's genetic heterogeneity. The study provides new insights into the aetiology of complex traits and reinforces precision medicine research.
A new study from Université de Montréal found that sexually diverse youths with depression are more likely to use cannabis. The study analyzed data from over 1,500 adolescent participants and found a fivefold stronger association between depressive symptoms and increased cannabis use in LGB youth.
Research from Washington State University finds that layoffs and cost-cutting measures can affect employee morale for up to two years after the event, with investments in workers leading to lasting improvements in job attitudes. Employers can mitigate negative effects by prioritizing worker investments and company culture.
A longitudinal study of 358 diabetics found that proteins ANGPT1, TNFSF12, and FGF20 are associated with slower kidney decline. These proteins may help identify individuals at higher risk of diabetic kidney disease, enabling earlier interventions and treatment.
A new study found that middle-aged adults who experienced upward wealth mobility had lower cardiovascular risk after age 65, compared to those with downward mobility. The researchers estimate a 1% swing in cardiovascular risk for every $100,000 gained or lost by individuals.
A Tel Aviv University study of 10,000 Israeli men found that dissatisfaction with married life significantly predicts death from a cerebrovascular accident and premature death. The study showed that unhappily married men are 69% more likely to die from a stroke than those who rank their marriage satisfaction highly.
A retrospective study of 33,360 patients found a 41% increased risk of Parkinson's disease in those with osteoarthritis. Patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis had a higher risk compared to others.
A new study provides valuable information on the cognitive processes and brain systems underlying adolescent development. The data from the largest longitudinal neuroimaging study to date reveals which brain regions are involved in key psychological processes, including cognitive control, reward processing, and social/emotional function.
Regular strength and impact-type training decreases or prevents age-related bone loss, according to a new study at the University of Jyväskylä. High-intensity training preserves trabecular bone density and cross-sectional geometry, supporting its benefits for bone health.
The number of specialty behavioral health establishments increased by 34% from 2011 to 2019, with significant growth in outpatient settings. The study found increases in the workforce and average wages across all settings, indicating a potential response to rising overdose deaths.
A study of 4,763 individuals found that those with frequent depressive symptoms were more likely to experience rapid kidney function decline over a median follow-up period of 4 years. The study suggests that high depressive symptoms may be an important modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease.
A longitudinal study found that parents modify their home literacy environment according to their children's progress in learning to read. Access to literacy resources was a consistent predictor of emergent literacy over time. Parents also adjusted their reading comprehension activities with their children as they encountered reading d...
A recent study found that COVID-19 infection rates among US dentists are significantly lower than those of other healthcare professionals, with a cumulative infection rate of 2.6%. The monthly incidence rate varied between 0.2% and 1.1%, indicating effective infection control measures.
A University of Otago study published in Frontiers in Psychology found that transitioning into PhD study in New Zealand does not lead to a significant drop in mental health. The research used data from the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand, tracking students before and after entering a PhD program.
Researchers found that premature boys age more quickly than their normal weight counterparts, with a biological age gap of 4.6 years by age 30-35. This accelerated aging may be influenced by prenatal stress and hospital care after birth, emphasizing the need for monitoring and healthy aging strategies.
Research shows that physically active individuals who reach 100 PAI points per week have a lower risk of excessive weight gain. The study, which tracked over 85,000 healthy Norwegians for 20 years, found that maintaining at least 100 PAI points per week can help prevent unhealthy weight gain.
A new study found that men with heavy drinking habits and sexist attitudes are more likely to commit intimate partner violence. The research, conducted in seven Asian-Pacific countries, highlights the interaction between alcohol consumption, gender inequality, and male violence.
A recent study by the Lifebrain consortium found that brains shrink at the same rate in highly educated and less educated individuals. Despite slightly larger brain volumes in highly educated people, their brains age similarly throughout life. The researchers measured brain aging using MRI scans from over 2000 participants and tracked ...
A new Australian study found that changes in lifestyle patterns during early childhood are longitudinally associated with concurrent changes in body mass index (BMI) z scores. The study identified three trajectory groups of child lifestyle patterns and BMI z scores, with a healthy lifestyle pattern being the most distinctive in reducin...
A new study found that people's mobility declined sharply in March and April but quickly recovered to pre-pandemic levels from April through June. However, during the second wave, there was very little change in mobility despite the pandemic becoming more severe.
A revised handgrip cutoff value of 32 kg for men and 21 kg for women can accurately identify mobility impairment, increasing the likelihood of early diagnosis by 88% for men and 89% for women. This revised metric promotes preventive treatment to avoid muscle weakness and mobility loss.
The Carolina Population Center at UNC Chapel Hill has received a $38.2 million NIH grant to continue the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which tracks adolescents from adolescence to middle age. The study aims to understand how early life experiences impact adult health and well-being.
A new study has demonstrated a correlation between autism spectrum disorder and changes in the gut microbiome. The researchers found that individuals with autism exhibited differences in gut microbiome composition compared to neurotypical controls, with gastrointestinal symptoms being significantly higher in those with autism. Longitud...
A new longitudinal study revealed that overhearing a stranger's negative comments about a social group can have a lasting impact on children's attitudes. Children aged 7-9 who overheard negative messages drew themselves further from the group and were less willing to be friends with someone from the group.
A recent study published in BMJ Neurology found that lockdown restrictions significantly reduced light activity associated with socialising and work. Moving your body for five minutes every hour can help counteract this inactivity.
Nearly two-thirds of Canadian adults aged 45-85 reported adverse childhood experiences, including physical abuse, intimate partner violence, and emotional abuse. The research found that exposure to these experiences varied by demographic factors, such as age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status.
Patients recovering from COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury require long-term monitoring of kidney function post-discharge. The study highlights the importance of tracking kidney function to prevent future complications and ensure optimal recovery.
Keratoconus Dystrophy affects 30% of people with Down syndrome, causing vision problems and potentially requiring corneal transplants. The research aims to identify individuals at risk and explore prevention options through the use of biospecimens from the DSA Biobank.
A recent study found that between 2010 and 2017, 60% of Spanish children actively commuted to school, with no significant variations observed during this period. The researchers attributed the stable trend to efforts in promoting measures for increasing active commuting.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that obesity contributes to up to half of new Type 2 diabetes cases annually in the United States. The research suggests that reducing obesity could prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes, with public health efforts supporting healthy lifestyles pote...
Researchers found that elderly choir singers had better verbal flexibility and emotional wellbeing compared to control groups. Choir singing for longer periods also increased feelings of social togetherness among the elderly.
A new Northwestern University study links adolescent firearm involvement to perpetration of gun violence in adulthood. Researchers found that youth victimized by firearms as adolescents were nearly three times more likely to become perpetrators themselves.
A new study by the University of Georgia found that state-funded pre-K programs can enhance math achievement in students through seventh grade. Participating students were twice as likely to meet state standards, indicating a positive trajectory for future academic success.
A study found that Canadian adults who consumed an average of two to three fiber sources daily had lower rates of PTSD. Fiber's communication network between the gut and brain via short chain fatty acids may have a mental health-related protective effect.
Researchers at the Buck Institute have discovered a compound that slows bone loss in aging mice by up to 31% over the course of a year's treatment. The study provides a treasure trove of data for those studying aging and age-related diseases, including serially profiled individual mice as they aged while testing several therapeutics.
Research from the University of South Australia links sports participation with improved numeracy skills in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Over four years, children who played organised sports had advanced numeracy skills compared to those who did less sport.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that worker attitudes towards procedure utility and quality are crucial in preventing incidents. The study suggests that procedures must be both effective and useful for workers to use them correctly, contradicting the traditional 'control paradigm' approach.
Starting tobacco products before age 18 increases addiction risk for young adults. A recent study found that youth who used e-cigarettes were three times more likely to become daily cigarette smokers compared to those who didn't use e-cigarettes.
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found that including unhealthy foods in an otherwise healthy Mediterranean diet may reduce cognitive benefits. The study analyzed data from 5,001 older adults and found that those who followed a Western diet had no beneficial effect on slowing cognitive decline.
Studies using longitudinal brain scans found a subtype of autism characterized by disproportionate megalencephaly and slower development in white matter tracts. Researchers also linked changes in white matter growth with autism traits and symptom severity.
A two-year longitudinal study measures Huntington's disease-linked proteins mHTT and NfL in controls, mutation carriers, and patients. Levels of NfL rise faster in mutation carriers, while those with high mHTT and NfL show faster progression and more severe brain atrophy.
Researchers found a correlation between inflammatory molecules and depression severity, as well as a link between specific symptoms of menopause and depression. The study used data from the Dallas Heart Study to analyze the association between GlycA levels and depressive symptoms in adults.
A study of 13,061 participants aged 60+ found that loneliness and social isolation increase the risk of falls in elderly people. Those living alone or with little social contact were 18-42% more likely to report a fall or hospital admission.
A UK study found that teenage body dissatisfaction is a strong predictor of depression in early adulthood, particularly among boys. By age 18, the risk of depression increases significantly, with girls more likely to experience severe symptoms than boys.
Pitt researchers found that insufficient social support and unrealistic weight loss expectations can predict dissatisfaction with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Higher physical activity levels after surgery improve mental and physical quality of life, regardless of weight loss.
The study provides milestone data from six growth studies, revealing consistent growth trajectories among the studies. Researchers aim to develop prediction models for clinicians to optimize treatment timing and develop individualized predictions of future growth.
A study published in Clinical and Translational Immunology found that individuals with severe COVID-19 responses exhibit increased levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a suppressor of cell inflammation. This discovery could provide a warning light for disease progression, but larger-scale studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Researchers from Boston University School of Public Health found that e-cigarette use is associated with a 21% increase in respiratory disease risk and a 43% increase in chronic bronchitis risk. Current e-cigarette users are also at higher risk for emphysema, COPD, and asthma.
A new study finds that burnout has a greater impact on work stress than vice versa, leading to a downward spiral of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced performance. Providing adequate support and promoting employee control are key to preventing this cycle.
A study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that spirituality is a significant component of wisdom, correlated positively with age and sex. The researchers used a self-report-based measure of wisdom and spirituality, finding that both components were associated with better mental health and well-being.
A University of Córdoba study found that chronic school bullying victims experience deteriorated peer relationships, decreased social status, and loss of friendships. Maintaining quality friendships can act as a protective factor against bullying.
A recent study on the 2011 Norwegian terrorist attacks found that family members experienced three distinct grief trajectories: moderate, chronic, and those with little to no recovery. High levels of grief were common among participants, with intrusive thoughts contributing to delayed recovery.
A new study published in the Journal of Crime and Justice found that undocumented immigration has no significant effect on violent crime, but a negative impact on property crime. This contradicts popular misconceptions about immigrants being a driver of crime rates.
A significant percentage of women continue to value sex throughout midlife, with factors like ethnicity, health, and depression symptoms affecting their interest. The study identified three distinct trajectories in importance of sex with aging, with black women and those with higher education maintaining high levels of importance.
A study published in Diabetologia found that loneliness predicts the development of type 2 diabetes, even after accounting for other factors. The researchers analyzed data from over 4,100 adults and discovered that individuals experiencing chronic loneliness were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes over a period of 12 years.