Articles tagged with Research Priorities
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) will convene in Baltimore to share frontline reports on current and emerging patterns of drug abuse. Researchers from across the US will present data on localized drug use problems, providing valuable insights into national trends.
The new equipment will provide a better view of the earth than ever before, allowing researchers to see specific houses or trees. The lab will supplement its existing technology to track hurricanes and access environmental data from dozens of satellites.
Dusty Miller, PhD, received the National Hemophilia Foundation's 1999 Dr. Murray Thelin Researcher of the Year Award for his work on gene therapy, a potential treatment for hemophilia. His pioneering research has led to the development of retroviral gene-transfer kits and promising early-stage gene-therapy trials.
The $16.3 million grant will fund a Neuroscience Mutagenesis Facility to create at least 50 new mouse models annually for neural diseases such as epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. The program aims to address the 'phenotype gap' in human disease study by utilizing powerful genetic tools like genome-wide mutagenesis.
Maternal mortality remains a global health problem, despite significant international efforts. A new $4.95 million grant will aid in developing tools to diagnose and treat ectopic pregnancy, prevent preeclampsia, and identify women at risk of life-threatening infections.
Dr. Kisilevsky and his team aim to develop agents that prevent protein-carbohydrate binding, effectively inhibiting malaria parasite infection. The project builds on expertise gained in amyloid and Alzheimer's research, exploring novel ideas at a molecular level.
A study found high levels of dust mite and cockroach allergens in U.S. homes, linked to asthma symptoms. In Canada, almost six in ten asthmatics lack effective control of their condition, despite feeling well-managed, according to recent research.
A study by Cornell University researchers found that auditors tend to make more objective decisions than salespeople due to their legal liability. However, when salespeople are held accountable for their decisions, their bias is reduced. The study suggests that making decisions based on facts rather than personal biases can lead to bet...
A University of Washington study reveals that women who have Caesarean or assisted vaginal deliveries are at a higher risk of rehospitalization compared to those who have unassisted vaginal deliveries. The study found significant risks for complications such as uterine infection, postpartum hemorrhage, and cardio-pulmonary conditions.
The University of California, San Diego has secured $47 million in private support to build a state-of-the-art cancer facility, with John and Rebecca Moores committing $20 million towards the project. The facility will bring together over 300 physicians, scientists, and staff to provide advanced patient care and conduct research.
A national leukemia research consortium will be established to study chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a new way, bringing together top scientists from different disciplines. The consortium aims to generate new insights and novel ways of attacking the disease, with the ultimate goal of curing CLL.
Men who live with their biological children are more involved in community organizations and connected to family members through phone calls and visits. They also take the good provider role seriously and invest more hours in work and career than non-fathers and fathers of adult children.
A new study published in the journal Science suggests that low-mass stars called red supergiants may die explosively rather than fade away quietly. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of nucleosynthesis, stellar structure, and the evolution of stars.
Borggaard, a Virginia Tech assistant professor, has made important contributions to the Air Force's science and technology needs with his work on continuous sensitivity equation methods. His research aims to reduce design cycle times and improve aerodynamic flows, benefiting aircraft performance and fuel efficiency.
The Albert B. Sabin Heroes of Science Awards recognize individuals who have made significant contributions to biomedical research, including vaccine development and transplant surgery. This year's awardees include Dave and Lynn Frohnmayer, Maurice R. Hilleman, Francis Daniels Moore, Ruth L. Kirschstein, and John Edward Porter.
Researchers discovered that viral load is a critical predictor of HIV transmission between men and women, regardless of gender. Individuals with low levels of the virus in their blood did not transmit the virus to their partner.
New USGS research shows that frog and toad abundance and species richness are low in urban areas but near normal in agricultural areas. The study also confirms the role of forests as important amphibian habitat, suggesting that habitat quality is crucial for these species.
The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center will establish a new prostate cancer center with a $1.5 million grant from the Department of Defense. The center aims to investigate signals promoting and inhibiting cell growth in prostate cancer.
A study found that auditors and salespersons distort information to support their preferred decisions, with auditors showing less distortion than salespersons. Holding professionals accountable lowered distortion for salespersons, but not for auditors.
Experts discuss the impact of brain development research on child development and public policy, particularly day care, at a symposium hosted by Temple University. The forum explores serious implications of John Bruer's book, citing lack of data to support the 'zero to three' theory.
A 12-week study found that carotenes and vitamin E supplements reduced sunburn intensity in fair-skinned individuals. The duration of supplementation was more effective than dosage in protecting against sunburn damage.
A recent study reveals a new parameter regulating cell attachment, which is influenced by the physical properties of the surrounding environment. The rigidity of the matrix affects cell adhesion dynamics, leading to the formation of different types of adhesions.
Researchers found that adolescent alcohol dependence was associated with impaired memory function, particularly in verbal and nonverbal retention. Heavy drinking over time also linked to poor visuospatial functioning and retrieval of verbal and nonverbal information.
Adding nurse practitioners to acute stroke teams can significantly decrease complications, leading to reduced hospital stays, fewer deaths, and improved patient recovery. This approach also helps lower the risk of urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis.
A global alliance for cancer research has been formed to accelerate progress against the disease, with six priorities including creation of national registries, increased funding for research, and international clinical trials. The Alliance aims to unite scientists, governments, and corporations in a coordinated effort to combat cancer.
The Tuberculosis Research Unit at CWRU will work with seven basic science sites and three clinical sites to evaluate new drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tests. The unit aims to alleviate the burden of TB, which affects 1.7 billion people worldwide.
Researchers hope to achieve a treatment that prevents total paralysis after partial spinal cord injury by adding T-cells to the immune response. In laboratory animal tests, rats with partial spinal cord injuries regained motor activity in their paralyzed legs, while untreated rats developed increasing paralysis.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in functional MRI technology, enabling accurate mapping of cortical columns, the brain's microprocessors. This advancement will greatly improve our understanding of human perception and higher cognitive functions.
Researchers visualize radiation-induced breakage of specific chemical bonds in protein, revealing a highly specific phenomenon. The findings have direct implications for improving data collection using X-ray crystallography and developing pharmacological means to protect against radiation damage.
Researchers discovered diverse types of inhibitory neurons that filter messages to neighbors, enabling precise control over brain activity. This design principle allows for complex and fine-grained inhibition, potentially leading to novel treatments for neurological disorders.
Researchers at Georgia Tech Research Institute developed a Computer-Aided Design Support System to minimize human errors in traffic management center design. The CADSS provides interactive tools, including guidelines, case studies and report generation, to consider human factors in the design process.
The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center has been selected to participate in the National Cancer Institute's new Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium. Researchers will develop and evaluate mouse models for eight major organ systems, focusing on breast, prostate, lung, ovary, skin, blood and lymph system, colon, and brain cancers.
Researchers are testing gene therapy using nerve growth factor (NGF) to slow Alzheimer's disease progression. The trial aims to assess the safety of NGF-producing cells injected into patients' brains, with potential benefits for slowing dementia.
Researchers have deciphered part of the cellular events underlying apoptosis, providing insights into cancer pathologies and potential cures. The cooperation between c-Abl and p73 leads to cell death, highlighting their roles in safeguarding the cell against DNA damage.
A new UCSF study reveals that gay men are more likely to smoke than the general male population, with 48% of participants in the research survey smoking compared to 27% of U.S. men. The study also found correlations between smoking and HIV status, heavy drinking, and frequenting gay bars.
The partners aim to enhance the EPA's BASINS program by adding uncertainty and probability assessment capabilities. This will enable decision-makers to prioritize management actions that yield the best results. The collaboration also seeks to improve stakeholder involvement and promote proactive watershed management.
Researchers developed a treatment using embryonic stem cells that improves rat spinal cord injury recovery. The treatment, involving nerve cell precursors, promotes substantial improvements in locomotion when instituted after the injury process is complete.
Behavioral and social factors contribute to nine out of ten leading causes of death in the US. A recent report by the Center for Advancing Health found that NIH spent only 9% of its research training funds on behavioral and social sciences, highlighting a need for increased funding and opportunities.
Researchers at NIAID have produced the first high-resolution genetic map of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite. The map provides a framework to accelerate genome sequencing efforts, enabling scientists to locate genes important for drug resistance and disease severity.
The National Patient Safety Foundation has launched an initiative to reduce medication error risk, focusing on redesigning practices for safe medication use. Key findings include the need for broad cooperation across the healthcare system to improve pharmaceutical safety.
The Whitaker Foundation is funding a new biomedical engineering facility at Washington University, which will enhance research and teaching in the field. The $13 million grant will support recruiting faculty members and building the center, anticipated to become a national leader in biomedical engineering.
Acoustical technology developed at CU-Boulder uses high-frequency pulses to detect fouling deposits on membranes, allowing for more efficient purification of drinking water. The technique has the potential to reduce chemicals needed and improve membrane performance in applications such as seawater desalination.
Seven research centers will study tobacco use, prevention, and treatment using a transdisciplinary approach. The centers aim to accelerate development of effective tobacco control interventions and reduce tobacco-related deaths.
A Penn State researcher found that nearly three-fourths of women addicted to crack cocaine engage in prostitution to support their habit, highlighting the need for comprehensive support services. The study suggests that programs should offer housing, education, and job training to help these women escape poverty and addiction
A $55 million grant from NIDA is supporting the development of new drug addiction treatments through collaboration between researchers and community treatment providers. Over five years, Oregon will receive $11 million to test promising science-based treatments in real-life settings.
Gene-repair pioneer Eric Kmiec has established the University of Delaware's Laboratory of Gene Therapy, focusing on sickle-cell anemia, Huntington's Disease and food-crop advances. His technique repairs genetic mutations by stitching mutated sequences back together in their proper order.
A new medication nalmefene has been found to reduce the risk of relapse in alcohol-dependent individuals. In a 12-week clinical trial, patients who received nalmefene were 2.4 times less likely to relapse than those who received a placebo.
The AAAS study recommends using federal funding for research on human stem cells, including embryonic stem cells already isolated in laboratories. However, the derivation of human stem cells should not receive federal funding due to public anxiety surrounding its process.
Researchers are using naturally occurring microbes to clean radioactively contaminated walls and ceilings at a shut down reactor in the UK. The technology removes surface contamination through a microbial decontamination process, significantly reducing waste treatment costs and improving personnel safety.
A Penn State study found that restructuring public schools can be detrimental to student performance, particularly in low-income communities. The researchers argue that complex educational technologies and instructional practices require skilled teachers and substantial resources, which may not be available in disadvantaged schools.
The INEEL is developing a roadmap for vadose zone management, leveraging expertise from DOE sites, contractors, industry, and universities to enhance timely delivery of products. The goal is sound environmental stewardship through understanding based on defensible science.
Researchers found that oxygen supplementation can significantly reduce the effects of retinal detachment by protecting photoreceptor cells and limiting cell abnormality. This breakthrough suggests that ophthalmologists may want to consider providing oxygen therapy to patients diagnosed with retinal detachment while awaiting surgery.
A recent study by researchers at NIDA found that chronic, heavy cocaine users experience prolonged deficits in manual dexterity and problem-solving skills after quitting. The study suggests dose-related effects on cognitive function, particularly in the prefrontal cortex.
Lemurs play a vital role in dispersing seeds for tree species in Madagascar's dry forests, which would otherwise fail to regenerate without them. The study found that the brown lemur is responsible for dispersing most of these species, highlighting the importance of reintroducing lemurs and reducing fragmentation.
The Florida Coastal Monitoring Project installs 28 sensors on 10 South Florida homes to gather data on wind speed and pressure. The project aims to improve the design and construction of houses that can withstand high winds.
A new study reveals that women have a higher proportion of gray matter to cranial volume than men, while men have more white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. This difference is associated with sex differences in cognitive performance, particularly in spatial tasks.
Jon Kleinberg, a computer scientist at Cornell University, is working on making the Internet more efficient by studying how information moves through networks. He aims to develop better routing algorithms that can handle congestion and optimize network capacity.
Researchers from the Partnership for Natural Disaster Reduction (PNDR) presented various studies on wind and earthquake resistance, including a large-scale extreme wind research facility and hurricane-resistant homes. The PNDR program aims to reduce damage from natural disasters through concerted nationwide research efforts.
A study of California physicians reveals mixed support for the state's law requiring suspected domestic violence cases to be reported to authorities. The majority believe the law creates barriers to care and violates patient confidentiality, which could deter victims from seeking help or jeopardize their safety.
The new wavelet technique for computer noise removal from and compression of side-scan sonar images significantly reduces the number of undetected mines by at least 50%. Statistical classification combined with wavelet-based filtering dramatically decreases the number of false alarms, improving the system's detection capability.