The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Commission on Obesity definition of obesity was found to have similar diagnostic accuracy as other definitions. The study compared the commission's definition with those from other reputable sources, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
A qualitative study reveals multilayered health care barriers faced by Afghan refugee women in the US, including displacement-related trauma and sociocultural norms. Culturally sensitive public health interventions are needed to improve healthcare access for these women.
Dr. Amoako's evidence-driven services improve early diagnosis, expand access to treatment, and advance locally led research in Ghana. Her work aims to strengthen childhood cancer care across the country.
Recent studies examine the effectiveness of drones for prescription delivery and AI models in healthcare, raising questions about their impact on access and misinformation. Regulations around expertise and online content are also being reevaluated to address the root causes of these issues.
A cohort study found associations between perinatal factors and changes in brain maturation among adolescents. The study used conditional-longitudinal models to assess individual growth trajectories and mental health symptoms.
Participation in mandatory value-based payment programs is associated with higher hospital administrative costs, highlighting the need for policymakers to consider administrative burden when designing and evaluating payment reforms. The study suggests that these reforms may increase complexity without improving cost, quality, and access.
The landmark review provides a detailed account of Honduras' mammals, verifying 227 native species and forecasting potential discoveries. The study draws on cultural knowledge and conservation summaries to guide research priorities.
New York's Empire AI Beta has officially launched, providing world-class AI computing power to researchers across the state. The initiative has served as a model for the federal National Science Foundation's State and Regional AI Infrastructure Hubs, which aim to build out regional AI research infrastructure and shared research capacity.
Researchers have introduced topological couplers into coupled resonator optical waveguides, decoupling free spectral range and finesse to alleviate the bandwidth tradeoff. This innovation leads to a significant improvement in bandwidth, enabling applications in wavelength division multiplexing and nonlinear optical processing.
A Kanazawa University research group has created a new method to selectively break strong carbon-hydrogen bonds, leaving weaker carbon-silicon bonds intact. This technique enables the creation of complex organosilicon compounds from simple precursors, which are difficult to synthesize using conventional methods.
Researchers found that targeting the 4EBP1/HSP90β/Nrf2 axis sensitizes β-catenin-mutant hepatocellular carcinoma to mTOR inhibitors by inducing ferroptosis. The combination therapy of MLN0128 and PD901 showed the strongest effect in suppressing tumor growth.
Researchers developed a new environmentally friendly insecticide using nanoemulsions of diallyl disulfide and carvone, which showed enhanced toxicity against the adzuki bean beetle while having relatively low impact on parasitic wasps. The nanoemulsions were also safe on seeds and enhanced root growth.
Matthew Gertzog has been named the American Society of Hematology's next lead staff executive and chief executive officer, succeeding Martha Liggett after 30 years. Gertzog brings nearly 40 years of experience in nonprofit and association management to the role.
A Japan-wide study found that growth hormone therapy improves adult height in childhood stem cell transplant survivors with short stature. However, treatment responses were highly variable and influenced by transplant-related factors such as total body irradiation and chronic graft-versus-host disease.
A recent study reveals that the intense geomagnetic storm on Mother's Day in May 2024 was caused by 10 merged coronal mass eruptions from the sun. The solar outbursts created a massive magnetic cloud that collided with Earth's magnetosphere, producing the powerful storms and auroras.
Researchers developed an enriched tomato ketchup by incorporating protein extracted from algae, which retained the sweet, tangy taste and reddish appearance of traditional ketchup. The samples with 3% added algal extract contained two to three times more protein, essential amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants.
Residents agree that buying a home is harder today than for their parents, with 69% saying hard work alone is no longer sufficient. Generational differences emerge, with Gen Z prioritizing freedom and personal independence over homeownership and family.
A new study from the University of Toyama found that a 50°C difference in heating temperature significantly affects the structure and stability of ultrathin FePd films. Films heated to 150°C maintained their flat surface, while those at 200°C exhibited controlled solid-state dewetting, enabling self-organized magnetic structures.
Researchers found that exercise-induced molecular changes contribute to neuronal health, improving movement and quality of life in PD patients. Exercise types such as aerobic exercises, resistance training, balance training, and multimodal exercise were found to be helpful in reducing falls, disabilities, and improving brain function.
Penn researchers have developed a mobile microbiology laboratory allowing them to test water quality and track antimicrobial resistance in and around San Cristóbal in the Galápagos. The team identified sites of untreated wastewater contamination, including 'hot spots' of pollution around Puerto Baquerizo Moreno.
A new study finds that beef and dairy production are the dominant drivers of both carbon loss and biodiversity loss on farmland, accounting for 41% of total biodiversity damage. Targeting these areas could deliver gains for climate and nature simultaneously.
As more Americans with HIV age into Medicare eligibility, costs are expected to increase substantially. The study projects nearly 200,000 beneficiaries by 2035 and $27.3 billion in annual spending. Policy changes like the Inflation Reduction Act could save billions, while generic HIV medications may further reduce costs.
Ancient DNA from two high-coverage genomes reveals continuity with modern Japanese populations, continental ancestry, and starch adaptations in Japan. The study suggests interactions among multiple continental populations shaped Yayoi ancestry.
Researchers found that next-generation reasoning LLMs o3-mini and DeepSeek-R1 reproduced racial and gender stereotypes in generated clinical content. The models overrepresented Black populations in stereotypically associated conditions and exaggerated the majority gender, mirroring issues previously observed in GPT-4.
The discovery of Ganiopteris, a 360-million-year-old seed plant from China, provides clear evidence of the earliest-known leaf-borne ovules. This finding marks a major evolutionary milestone and sheds new light on the origin of Permian glossopterids.
Researchers found that gut cell turnover depends on nutrient quantity, not specific nutrient quality, in fruit flies. Gut cells sense satiety based on cytoplasm viscosity, not amino acid metabolism.
A new study found that 5% of hospitalized adults with firearm injuries developed bacterial infections, with the majority occurring during initial hospitalization. Patients undergoing surgeries involving the head, neck, spine, liver, or lower abdomen faced the highest risk of developing bacterial infections.
Researchers developed a programmable dynamic memtransistor that can process data at different speeds, reducing prediction errors by up to 40-fold. The technology enables accurate information processing even when input speeds vary.
A phase 3 clinical trial led by Weill Cornell Medicine shows that adding a targeted radionuclide therapy drug to backbone therapy reduces disease progression in patients with PSMA-positive metastatic prostate cancer. The treatment may delay symptom progression and improve patient outcomes.
Piezo ion channels regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, barrier integrity, immune responses, and cancer progression. Dysregulation of these channels is associated with various digestive diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.
A team of Penn State researchers has developed a synthetic enzyme mimic that can drive chemical reactions using oxygen, producing only water as waste. This breakthrough could potentially be used in sustainable industrial chemical syntheses and pharmaceutical drug development.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed an AI-powered tool called Evo 2 that can design novel phages to kill bacteria, including E. coli. The tool has already synthesized nearly 300 new phages and identified 16 exceptionally effective ones.
A new FIU study reveals that stressed-out parents are more likely to rely on screens for kids' entertainment, while fewer enforce consistent limits. Researchers recommend focusing on media quality and personalizing technology guidelines to create healthy screen habits.
Purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in osteoarthritis progression, influencing joint inflammation, cartilage degeneration, and chronic pain. Targeting specific receptor pathways offers new opportunities for targeted therapies.
The SDSS-V survey has released its twentieth public data release (DR20), providing a massive catalog of high-quality spectra of stars across the Milky Way. The dataset includes over two million total spectra, revealing temperatures, ages, and chemical compositions of stars.
T cell exhaustion plays a complex role in organ transplantation, promoting both graft tolerance and vulnerabilities to infection and malignancy. The review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying exhaustion and discusses emerging strategies to intentionally induce or modulate it as a therapeutic tool.
A growing understanding of trained immunity is reshaping how scientists view diabetes and its many complications. Factors commonly associated with diabetes can activate trained immunity pathways, promoting insulin resistance and accelerating damage throughout the body.
Researchers discovered that bacteriophages play a critical role in distributing nutrients, promoting microbial diversity, and supporting gut health by releasing vitamin B12. The study found that phage infection is necessary for B12 release, and the nutrient specifically drives growth in dependent microbes.
A study found that combining omega-3 and low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was comparable to antibiotics in treating severe periodontitis, reducing the need for antibiotics. The treatment combination showed significant benefits, with patients experiencing a similar rate of deep pocket reduction as those receiving antibiotics.
A review of 30 years of biochar research reveals its potential to improve soil health, support crops, and mitigate climate change. Biochar can enhance soil pH, porosity, water availability, nutrient retention, root development, and microbial activity.
Blending moderate amounts of organic cleaning wastewater with coal lowers ignition temperature and reduces combustion activation energy, but excessive addition weakens overall combustion. The study suggests a practical balance between easier ignition and stable combustion can be achieved.
A new review reveals that microplastics can change the mobility, bioavailability, ecological toxicity, and food-chain transfer of heavy metals, but the direction and magnitude of these changes differ substantially among metals. Biodegradable plastics are not automatically environmentally safer in metal-contaminated soils.
Autophagy plays a central role in gastric cancer cell survival and treatment response to cisplatin. Controlling autophagy could make cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy.
Rice engineers use electrical charge to control therapeutic peptide release from gelatin-based materials, enabling longer-lasting treatments. The study improves peptide retention and reduces initial burst release, offering potential for tailored release profiles in regenerative applications.
Excess body fat promotes chronic inflammation, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other age-related changes, accelerating the aging process. Weight loss interventions and anti-obesity therapies may partially reverse these changes, improving metabolic function and reducing biological markers linked to aging.
A growing understanding of RNA biology reveals that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a key regulator of nervous system development and a potential contributor to neurological damage caused by toxic environmental exposures. Disruptions in m6A regulation have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson'...
Researchers explore ferroptosis as a promising strategy to treat prostate cancer. Ferroptosis is a distinct form of regulated cell death that occurs when there is excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing membrane lipids.
A University of Oklahoma researcher is receiving a five-year, $2 million NCI grant to investigate how pancreatic cancer uses cholesterol to survive chemotherapy. The research aims to identify new ways to treat this deadliest form of cancer by uncovering the biological processes that help tumors thrive.
Tumors expressing POU2F3, a tuft cell master regulator, represent a distinct molecular class of 'tuft cell-like' cancers. These tumors exhibit unique biological characteristics that may create new opportunities for diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Emerging evidence suggests that Fabry disease involves a complex network of biological disturbances, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. New findings highlight the importance of kidney podocyte injury, disrupted energy metabolism, and immune cell involvement in organ damage.
The Local Volume Mapper is capturing light to reveal the physics and chemistry of stellar birthplaces across vast expanses of the sky in unprecedented detail. Astronomers are analyzing specific spectral lines to map the precise temperature, density, chemical abundance, and motion of interstellar gas.
A new research perspective proposes that developmental and growth programs continue operating beyond their beneficial period, driving aging. Programmatic mechanisms of aging are supported by evidence from animal models and experimental observations.
Scientists discover PIWI proteins and piRNAs play key role in controlling stem cells' identity, repair tissues, and develop specialized cell types through epigenetic regulation. The pathway has potential as both biomarker and therapeutic target for treating diseases such as cancer, bone disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions.
Ménière’s disease is a complex inner ear disorder with diverse symptoms, influenced by genetic susceptibility, immune dysfunction, viral infection, inflammation, and ion regulation. A new review proposes the endolymphatic sac as a central site where multiple factors converge, leading to endolymphatic hydrops and disease progression.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have developed a protein degrader discovery platform that identifies molecular glues that can target disease-related proteins for elimination. The team discovered the first molecular glue degrader, M12, which is metabolically activated and can degrade multiple cancer-related proteins.
The 46th COSPAR Scientific Assembly addressed the challenge of preserving dark and quiet skies for astronomical observations and satellite technology. The session considered scientific, technical, operational, and regulatory perspectives to balance benefits with environmental and societal concerns.
The NFDI4Earth consortium facilitates access to environmental and climate data, while the DAPHNE4NFDI consortium preserves large-scale measurement datasets for long-term reuse. The NFDI-MatWerk and FAIRmat consortia develop common standards and digital tools for materials research, enabling faster and more targeted material development.
Researchers identified a recurring setup of atmospheric conditions that lead to prolonged periods of intense rainfall. The study found that existing operational weather forecasts can capture these large-scale patterns, paving the way for more accurate predictions of high-impact southwest monsoon events.
A UTHealth Houston-led team has created the most complete genetic profile of the brown rat, revealing a more complex DNA than previously understood. The assembly provides a complete genetic fingerprint and uncovers over 60 new genes, including those involved in immunity and biological processes.
Assistant Professor Haonan Ling is exploring virtual solutions to biomanufacturing for the Genesis Mission, which aims to strengthen America's energy industry and national security. The project could significantly accelerate the development and deployment of sustainable biomanufacturing for fuels and chemicals.