A recent study found that 57% of girls who started their periods at age 9-10 reported painful periods, with those experiencing more physical puberty symptoms more likely to report pain. Sleep disturbances were associated with the amount of pain that interfered with daily life, but were not predictive of future period pain.
Researchers developed Mediator-in-the-Loop-Driving (MILD) framework to enable collaborative decision-making between human drivers and automated systems. The AI-powered mediator continuously interprets driver state and external environment to provide personalized recommendations and explanations.
A new ship weather routing framework uses Deep Reinforcement Learning to optimize fuel consumption and safety under extreme weather conditions. The framework successfully planned detour routes that safely bypassed high-wave and strong-wind waters in extreme weather simulations.
A new four-year project aims to determine the best natural infrastructure for flood resilience in North Carolina's coastal communities. The research team will use 2D computer models to assess the effectiveness of different natural infrastructure solutions, including wetlands, marshes, and sand dunes.
A new device using vortex ultrasound technology could treat pulmonary embolism in 30 minutes or less, reducing the risk of internal bleeding. The NIH is funding a five-year project to refine the technology and prepare it for human clinical use.
A new study from the University of Georgia suggests that increasing woody vegetation can boost the population of Georgia's gamebird. Researchers found that birds that roosted in areas with abundant woody cover were about twice as likely to survive as birds that chose other roost sites.
A cross-border analysis of Alpine peatlands reveals widespread signs of disturbance, with many bogs smaller than previously mapped. The findings highlight the need for targeted conservation and restoration interventions to protect these critical ecosystems.
Researchers analyzed health records of 24,643 adult patients across 754 hospitals in the US, comparing phenobarbital to diazepam for alcohol withdrawal treatment. The study found no significant differences in outcomes between the two medications, suggesting similar effectiveness and safety profiles.
A new study found no significant differences in cardiometabolic health between people with distinct dietary patterns before bariatric surgery. Despite differences in nutrient intake, both groups had similar health markers, suggesting that a Western dietary pattern may be a bigger concern.
Researchers develop two methods to analyze GNSS coordinate time series with missing values, preserving valid information and reducing bias. The methods use linear transformation matrices or marginal likelihood functions to keep cross-gap differences and stabilize non-stationary noise.
Researchers developed smart glasses that harvest mechanical energy from facial movements, detecting jaw clenching, teeth tapping, and blinking with high accuracy. The device, called GlassTENG, has the potential to monitor cardiovascular health, fatigue, and other activities without bulky batteries or charging.
Virginia Tech researchers will develop design tools to integrate certification and safety requirements into the design process from the start. This approach aims to reduce the time, cost, and risk of bringing new aviation technologies to market, with a focus on electrified propulsion technologies.
The Global Virus Network has expanded its capabilities with the addition of six new Centers of Excellence and one Affiliate across four continents. New members bring expertise in emerging viruses, surveillance, respiratory and arboviral diseases, One Health, antiviral development and pandemic preparedness.
A new spatial atlas of endometriosis lesions reveals how nerves and immune cells interact, fueling pain and inflammation. The study identifies a neuro-immune feedback loop that drives chronic pain and inflammation, with the strongest signaling occurring in the close stroma next to epithelial glands.
A study of nearly 1,000 older Americans found that frequent and unintentional daytime napping are linked to a higher risk of developing dementia. Napping habits, not just nighttime sleep, may signal or contribute to dementia risk. The study suggests that monitoring napping behaviors could serve as an early and accessible marker to help...
The BEAGLE project aims to transform biodiversity monitoring in Europe by closing gaps in current systems and delivering policy-ready evidence. The project uses camera traps, eDNA sampling, and participatory science to unlock valuable data and generate Essential Biodiversity Variables, indicators, and fine-resolution maps of biodiversity.
Despite 143 countries having National Adaptation Plans, implementation is hindered by institutional capacity, project preparation, and finance issues. The 'missing middle' between planning and project development is a major challenge, requiring a country-driven process to strengthen an integrated delivery chain.
A new study reveals that alcohol abuse damages the brain through immune cells called microglia, which disrupt the extracellular matrix. This disruption leads to neuronal dysfunction, motor impairments, and sedation. The research identifies a potential treatment target in the MyD88 protein, which can be used to prevent or limit brain da...
CU Anschutz will evaluate emerging technologies and therapeutics for severe hemorrhage, including novel blood products and diagnostic technologies. The award aims to improve care for patients experiencing severe bleeding, including trauma patients and those with postpartum hemorrhage.
A first-of-its-kind study tracks brain activity of toddlers and parents during activities that support child development, revealing that toddlers' brains are more engaged during parent interaction than screen viewing. The research found similar brain patterns across children with and without autism, suggesting that quality interaction ...
Researchers are examining factors contributing to chronic absenteeism in Stafford County students, with a focus on identifying root causes. The study aims to improve attendance rates and ultimately student outcomes.
Researchers will study brain activity, cardiovascular function, and accelerated aging in orbit using bioengineered human brain and cardiovascular tissue models. The findings could help identify new ways to protect astronauts' heart health and inform new therapies for cardiovascular disease.
Researchers have created a topological microscope tip that senses spin-related electronic states at atomic resolution, revealing evidence of 2D altermagnetism in KV2Se2O. The study demonstrates how topological edge states can become functional components of atomic-scale instruments.
Researchers developed 3D-printed copper mirrors with integrated water-cooling systems, increasing resistance to laser-induced damage by 60% and reducing heat accumulation. The breakthrough could support next-generation semiconductor manufacturing technologies.
Two UCLA-led studies reveal features of effective immune responses in glioblastoma and introduce a preclinical model that more closely mirrors the human disease. Long-term survivors showed evidence of a stronger immune response within their tumors, offering important clues for developing treatments.
Natalia Berloff and Mikhail Epstein have been awarded the 2026 George Gamow Prize for their pioneering work in quantum hydrodynamics and Russian postmodernism. Their research has been recognized for its potential to bridge disciplines and transform various fields, including physics, mathematics, and humanities.
A phase IIIb trial found that PL-5 spray improved healing in infected burn wounds, with higher complete healing and bacterial control compared to placebo. The study enrolled 348 adults and tested the spray's efficacy in reducing wound closure and bacterial clearance.
Scientists at MIT have created a new method to reprogram natural killer immune cells to target diseased T cells, offering promise against diseases like lymphoma and autoimmune hepatitis. The technique uses lipid nanoparticles to deliver messenger RNA to NK cells, which are then programmed to seek and destroy dysfunctional T cells.
The new device addresses the challenge of revealing structural details in transparent biological specimens by combining a polarization-sensitive metalens with a voltage-controlled liquid crystal cell. This produces edge-enhanced images directly through the optical system, without digital post-processing.
Researchers at Mount Sinai develop Vaccine Immunoengineering for Targeted Antigen Presentation and Layered Control (VITAL) to create improved vaccines against respiratory pathogens. The program aims to explore new strategies for generating long-lasting immune protection against a range of virus variants.
Researchers have developed tiny 3D-printed structures that can be integrated onto optical fiber tips, enabling powerful imaging and sensing capabilities. The structures can be fabricated using femtosecond laser 3D printing, offering high spatial precision and true 3D design freedom.
Dr. David Polly Jr. is honored for his decades-long contributions to patient care, research, and education in spine surgery. His work has improved outcomes for children with complex spinal conditions, and he has mentored the next generation of physicians.
A new study published in Hernia examined 39 robotic hernia repairs, with most patients returning home after one day and no hernias recurring during follow-up. Robotic technology enables greater precision and flexibility, making complex operations less invasive and more effective.
The article reviews the development of laser-induced phase transition (LIPT) in 2D materials, highlighting microscopic mechanisms, regulation strategies, and cutting-edge applications. LIPT offers high spatial resolution and precise phase engineering, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
Halide perovskite metasurfaces combine precise light control with active optoelectronic responses, enabling next-generation optical devices. The new material route provides strong light absorption, high luminescence efficiency, and tunable bandgaps, making them ideal for displays, lasers, photodetection, and integrated photonic systems.
Researchers propose a voluntary program that targets waitlisted candidates aged 65 or older with 'marginal' kidneys, prioritizing them over younger patients. The redesign aims to improve access to harder-to-place kidneys, potentially preventing over 190 deaths annually.
Researchers have developed a mask-free femtosecond laser direct writing method for producing dense copper micropatterns with fine feature sizes and high electrical conductivity on flexible and curved surfaces. The method is well-suited for customized manufacturing and simplifies the fabrication of electronic devices.
Recent advances in optical comb technologies for molecular spectroscopy have expanded spectral coverage and sensitivity in mid-infrared and terahertz regions. These developments have improved system miniaturization, integration and enabled compact spectrometers for various applications.
The article reviews optical packaging methods for photonic integrated circuits (PICs), with two-photon polymerization (TPP) and self-written waveguides (SWW) showing promising results. TPP achieves low insertion loss and high sensitivity, while SWW offers a lower-cost alternative with flexible manufacturing capabilities.
Researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that chronic stress during pregnancy changes how the placenta communicates with the developing fetus, affecting early brain development. Prenatal stress alters placental signaling and opposes maternal immune activation effects in the fetal brain.
A KAIST research team developed a technology to precisely control the location of nucleation in 2D semiconductor crystals, allowing for deterministic growth at desired positions. This approach enables high-quality semiconductors directly at the required positions on a chip, reducing grain boundaries and improving semiconductor quality.
Mammalian cells produce and store cyclo-octasulfur, a stable form of elemental sulfur, to protect tissues from lipid damage and oxidative stress. S₈ levels are found to be higher in cancerous breast tissues, suggesting a potential role in breast cancer prevention.
A new labeling tool has revealed hexokinase-1 as a G-quadruplex binding protein, which may connect metabolism and gene regulation. The method, developed by Tohoku University researchers, overcomes previous limitations and captures unexpected protein interactions.
A UCLA-led team will investigate how Zika virus damages the developing eye and explore potential treatments with a $2.7 million NIH grant. They will use lab-grown retinal pigment epithelium cells, mini retinas, and newborn mouse models to examine protein interactions and test promising compounds.
The soft robotic fish achieves high-speed swimming and 3D maneuverability by combining electrohydraulic propulsion with dynamic buoyancy regulation. It sets a new speed record for soft robotic fish using body-caudal-fin propulsion, reaching 2.13 body lengths per second.
Researchers created a 3D map of rice development, identifying 119 cell types and 133 subtypes across different organs and stages. The study reveals the pleiotropic master regulator OsARF1 and its regulatory networks, as well as widespread asymmetric gene expression guiding tissue patterning and resource distribution.
Repeating weight loss and gain increases the risk of obesity in people of normal weight, particularly those with a predisposition. In contrast, individuals with obesity experience minor or no negative effects on weight and body composition. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of weight cycling in both groups.
Researchers used a 3D silk matrix model to study human primary kidney stem cells and found that aging increases susceptibility to tenofovir-induced mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis. Tenofovir was more toxic to older cells, causing mitochondrial damage and functional injury.
Japan has seen substantial reductions in HBV- and HCV-related disease burden and hepatocellular carcinoma mortality thanks to sustained national control measures. The prevalence of HBV and HCV has fallen drastically across Japan, with a significant shift in the relative distribution of liver cancer causes.
A new AI-driven platform allows patients to interact with their medical devices in real-time, enabling them to ask questions, report symptoms, and receive personalized alerts. The platform has been shown to improve seizure detection and provide valuable insights into patient behavior and disease management.
A new climate model suggests that reaching net zero sooner would limit long-lasting changes to El Niño and the tropical Pacific. Stopping emissions would not immediately reverse all the changes already set in motion, but rather, changes to ocean temperatures, winds, and rainfall patterns could endure for hundreds of years.
Researchers developed a hybrid AI model that combines physical driving laws with individual human behavior patterns to improve vehicle movement predictions. The model, CPIDLM, reduces distance prediction errors by 16.7% compared to existing methods, providing a more reliable foundation for autonomous vehicles.
Researchers develop COIN, a collaborative interaction-aware reinforcement learning framework for multi-agent self-driving systems, to improve safety and efficiency in complex traffic scenarios. The framework achieves promising results in various evaluations, demonstrating its potential for safer and more efficient autonomous driving.
During menopause, women are at greater risk for heart disease and stroke, making it crucial to focus on health before and during the transition. Healthcare professionals recommend discussing concerns with a healthcare team and taking proactive steps to protect cardiovascular health.
Researchers have developed a method to generate customizable virtual road networks with adjustable complexity, preserving real-world road features. The approach enables faster identification of functional defects and performance boundaries in autonomous vehicles.
Found-RL integrates vision-language models into reinforcement learning for autonomous driving, achieving competitive driving performance while maintaining real-time policy inference. The platform allows large foundation models to provide semantic feedback without slowing down high-frequency simulation training.
Insilico Medicine has nominated ISM9546, an orally bioavailable VAV1 degrader, as a potential treatment for autoimmune diseases. The compound has shown sub-nanomolar VAV1 degradation potency and robust efficacy in preclinical studies.
A hierarchical risk-filtering safety assurance framework has been proposed to address AI-driven autonomous driving safety challenges. The framework uses a four-category assessment metric system and layered safety strategies to improve operation safety.
Researchers found China VI trucks can significantly reduce NOx and particle number emissions, but some vehicles still produce high emissions under real driving conditions. After-treatment systems, such as SCR and EGR, play crucial roles in emission control, but their performance varies under different conditions.
Researchers found an unusual bacterial immune system that operates in reverse of known defenses, providing a molecular blueprint to engineer more efficient DNA-editing tools. The unique system, known as type VI retrons, triggers self-destruction to protect the bacterial colony from phages, but also has potential applications in rewriti...