A study published in PLOS ONE found that manta rays are more likely to gather together under new or full moons and when wind speeds are lower. The researchers used a citizen science approach involving volunteer divers and tour operators to monitor manta ray behavior at Lady Elliott Island.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have developed a new method for storing UK's nuclear waste using glass technology. The process, called vitrification, has been shown to produce glass that is resistant to damage from energetic gamma rays.
A clinical study found that an antibody against interferon-gamma compromised the immune systems of HIV-negative people, making them vulnerable to infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. The study identified autoantibodies as a possible cause of adult-onset immunodeficiency in Southeast Asia.
UCI astrophysicists analyze NASA data suggesting gamma rays could be evidence of dark matter particles annihilating each other. The observation is consistent with leading theories for dark matter and its presumed presence at galactic centers.
Researchers identified a radio-quiet, very young pulsar J1838-0537 that experienced the strongest rotation glitch ever observed for a gamma-ray-only pulsar. The glitch resulted in a 38 millionths of a Hertz faster rotation rate.
The Portable Neutron Spectroscope (NSPECT) is a highly sensitive instrument that detects illicit radioactive materials with pinpoint accuracy. The technology, developed by UNH scientists, employs techniques used in NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory to locate nuclear bomb-making material.
Neil Gehrels, a NASA astrophysicist, receives the Committee on Space Research Harrie Massey Award for his pioneering contributions to gamma-ray astronomy. The award recognizes his leadership role in advancing astronomers' understanding of gamma-ray bursts.
Fermi detects the highest-energy gamma rays ever associated with a solar flare, surpassing visible light by two billion times. The discovery showcases Fermi's capabilities as a solar observatory, providing insights into solar outbursts and charged particles acceleration.
A microfluidic chip test has been developed to detect latent tuberculosis, promising to be cheaper and faster than current methods. The test uses a novel approach to detect interferon-gamma in blood samples, triggering an electrical signal for diagnosis.
Babies with a robust innate immune response have fewer respiratory illnesses in their first year, while those with a diminished response experience more infections. Researchers measured interferon-gamma levels in umbilical cord blood samples to identify potential indicators of viral infection.
A team of University of Iowa researchers found that a lack of gamma-protocadherin cell adhesion molecules in the cerebral cortex disrupts neural circuitry formation. This discovery may help understand causes of human developmental disorders like autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia.
Researchers found that gamma and delta-tocopherols in vegetable oils prevent cancer formation and growth in animal models. Alpha-tocopherol supplements, however, showed no such benefit in preventing these types of cancer.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has provided significant new insights into the production of cosmic rays, contradicting 15 years of predictions. The study found no neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts, forcing a re-evaluation of theories on high-energy cosmic ray production.
New research from Lund University identifies a potential cancer treatment by targeting a protein involved in cell division. The study found that blocking this protein could kill cancer cells while sparing healthy ones.
The IceCube Collaboration found no evidence of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays originating from gamma-ray bursts, challenging the long-held theory. Instead, the team suggests that active galactic nuclei may be responsible for accelerating these particles.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has found no neutrinos emitted from gamma ray bursts, contradicting 15 years of predictions and challenging one of the two leading theories for high-energy cosmic rays. The result opens a new window on cosmic ray production and the interior processes of GRBs.
A study published in Cancer found that frequent dental x-rays are linked to an increased risk of developing meningioma, the most commonly diagnosed primary brain tumor in the US. Patients who received bitewing exams or panorex exams on a yearly or more frequent basis were at higher risk of developing meningioma.
Scientists analyzed two years of data from NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to detect gamma-ray signals from hypothetical particles. No signals were detected, ruling out WIMP candidates within a specific range of masses and interaction rates as dark matter.
A study by the Trudeau Institute has identified key mechanisms in controlling gamma-herpesvirus infections and their implications for treating and preventing cancer. Researchers found that immune responses differ between initial active phase and long-term latent infection phases.
Researchers found that inhalation of interferon-gamma three times a week for at least 80 weeks improved lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The treatment was well-tolerated and showed no systemic side effects.
Astrophysicists have uncovered new questions and clarified previous theories about gamma-ray bursts using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. The telescope's unique view allows it to capture the highest energy portion of these bursts, which are difficult to detect due to their brief duration and narrow radiation patterns.
A team of researchers led by Michigan State University has discovered an overachieving plant enzyme that can work both day and night shifts. This enzyme, ATP synthase, was found to have a new function when one of its protein building blocks is changed, allowing it to transport energy in the roots at night.
Researchers have developed a way to create stronger and more efficient continuous wave T-rays, which can detect biological phenomena such as increased blood flow around tumorous growths. The new technology could lead to innovations similar to the 'tricorder' scanner used in Star Trek, enabling faster and more convenient medical scanning.
The Fermi team has discovered hundreds of new energy sources in the high-energy sky, including active galaxies and pulsars. These discoveries will allow astronomers to compare the behavior of different sources across a wider span of gamma-ray energies for the first time.
Supernovas release enormous amounts of energy, but are too far away to harm Earth's ozone layer. Gamma-ray bursts could pose a threat if directed towards our planet, but estimates suggest it's unlikely to occur in the near future.
Scientists use NASA's Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope to detect high-energy gamma rays from the remnant of Tycho's supernova. This detection supports the notion that supernova remnants can accelerate cosmic rays, providing clues to their origins.
A neutron star spiraling into its companion star caused a unique gamma-ray burst with varying wavelengths and characteristic radii. The Helium Merger Model, developed in 1998, explained the unusual properties of the burst, which may be part of a new class of bursts.
Astronomers propose two exotic scenarios for the unusual cosmic explosion: a novel supernova billions of light-years away or an unusual collision within our own galaxy. The 'Christmas burst' was caused by either event, with observations suggesting a neutron star and rapid tightening of its orbit.
The study reveals that Cygnus X has formed a 'cocoon' of trapped cosmic rays, which were accelerated by the intense stellar winds and shockwaves. This finding provides a unique glimpse into the early life of cosmic rays, long before they diffuse into the galaxy.
Researchers have developed a new hybrid detector that can monitor alpha, beta, and gamma radiation simultaneously. The device uses three scintillators to distinguish between the different types of radiation, allowing it to provide accurate counts for all three simultaneously.
A team of scientists using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has discovered a young millisecond pulsar named PSR J1823−3021A, challenging existing theories about its formation. The discovery pushes the total count of detected pulsars to over 100, with NGC 6624 globular cluster contributing significantly.
New study reveals two young galaxies at 12 billion years old with super-solar metal abundances, challenging our understanding of the universe's chemical evolution. The findings support the idea that gamma-ray bursts are associated with vigorous massive star formation and provide insights into the history of the early universe.
The NASA Swift Observatory has released a free iPhone application that provides up-to-date information on gamma-ray burst discoveries, allowing users to track the location of Swift as it orbits Earth. The app also offers an interactive map, gallery of images, and real-time observations.
Astrophysicists with VERITAS detect pulsed gamma rays above one hundred thousand million electron volts, defying current pulsar models. The finding is causing researchers to consider new theories about gamma-ray production.
Researchers have discovered gamma rays with unprecedented energies from the Crab Pulsar in the Crab Nebula, contradicting existing theories. The findings suggest a different mechanism for producing these high-energy particles, which could be detected by the VERITAS observatory.
A new study suggests that short-hard interstellar radiation events could have a significant impact on life on Earth, depleting the ozone layer and allowing deadly ultraviolet radiation to penetrate. The rate of these events is estimated to be about once per 100 million years, with potential effects on extinctions in the fossil record.
Researchers used the $20 million VERITAS telescope to discover pulsed gamma rays exceeding energies of 100 billion electron volts, a surprise given previous detection limits were at 25 billion eV. The findings indicate a need for new ideas about pulsars and their gamma-ray production.
The Crab pulsar generates beams of radiation from its spinning magnetic field, detected as rapid pulses of gamma-ray radiation. Researchers have detected these pulses with unprecedented energies, exceeding 100 billion electron-volts, putting new constraints on the mechanism for how this emission is generated.
Researchers detected high-energy gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar system, which cannot be explained by current models. The observations exceed 100 billion electron volts, shedding new light on pulsars and their behavior.
A team of astrophysicists has detected pulsed gamma rays from the Crab Nebula with energies up to 400 billion electronvolts, far exceeding previous detection limits. The high-energy emission challenges existing pulsar models and may require significant adjustments to our understanding of these extreme systems.
Scientists have detected pulsed gamma-ray emission from the Crab pulsar at energies far beyond what current theoretical models can explain. The VERITAS telescope array detected gamma-rays with energies exceeding 100 billion electron-volts, putting new constraints on the mechanism for how the gamma-ray emission is generated.
A U-M study has identified the p38-gamma molecule as a key regulator of aggressive breast cancer cell movement. By understanding how this molecule influences cell motion, researchers hope to develop targeted therapies that can improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Strathclyde have created the brightest gamma ray beam ever made, more than a thousand billion times brighter than the sun. This breakthrough could lead to new medical imaging and radiotherapy techniques, as well as improved monitoring of nuclear waste.
A NASA team will attempt to send a balloon with an instrument payload to measure gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar, 6,500 light years away. The mission aims to study the polarization of gamma rays, which can provide clues about the source's mechanism.
Researchers developed semiconductor materials that detect gamma rays, identifying plutonium and uranium. The method uses dimensional reduction to create heavy elements with immobilized electrons, making them suitable for detection.
The Fermi catalog reveals a mix of known and unknown objects, with active galaxies, pulsars, and supernova remnants making up a large portion. Unassociated sources pose an intriguing mystery, sparking research into new types of gamma-ray-emitting objects.
A novel sensory pathway modulates Th17 cell responses, revealing a potential anti-inflammatory mechanism for PI-3K and Akt inhibitors. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding autoimmune diseases and developing new treatments.
A Stanford study has linked gamma-interferon, a key immune molecule, to the severity of asthma. High levels of gamma-interferon in children's blood may protect against asthma development, but severe asthmatics' lungs often have high concentrations.
Integral's observations show that quantum 'graininess' must be at much smaller scales than previously predicted, contradicting Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The results limit the size of these grains to 10^-48 m or smaller, ruling out some string theories and quantum loop gravity theories.
A team of astronomers using NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observed a unique binary system that produced dual gamma-ray flares during its closest approach. The flares were many times stronger than expected and occurred despite the star following an eccentric orbit, making them only visible every 3.4 years.
A new study by UCLA neurophysicists found that brain rhythms associated with learning grow stronger as running speed increases. The research team monitored gamma rhythms in mice brains using specialized microelectrodes and discovered a link between the strength of these rhythms and movement.
A gamma-ray flash was detected coming from a distant galaxy, suggesting a massive black hole is consuming a star. The long-duration event produced an enormous amount of energy and appears to be emanating from the center of the galaxy.
A new study has identified PI3Kinase gamma as a crucial protein in tumor growth and inflammation. Disrupting this enzyme prevents tumor cells from attracting immune cells, slowing down tumor development and metastasis.
A study found that gamma imaging outperformed ultrasound in detecting breast cancer, especially in women with dense breast tissue. Gamma imaging provided 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity, leading to a better prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Astronomers confirm 13.14 billion light-year distance for GRB 090429B, making it contender for most distant object detected, and shedding light on the cosmos' earliest stars and galaxies.
A gamma-ray burst, GRB 090429B, has been identified as a potential candidate for the most distant object in the universe at an estimated distance of 13.14 billion light years. The burst was detected by NASA's Swift satellite and is believed to be extremely likely, with a 99.3% chance, to be the most distant cosmic explosion.
A new supercomputer simulation reveals that the collision of two neutron stars can naturally produce the magnetic structures thought to power short gamma-ray bursts. The study provides the most detailed glimpse of the forces driving some of the universe's most energetic explosions.
Astronomers have never seen a gamma-ray burst as bright and long-lasting as GRB 110328A, which is believed to be associated with a massive black hole. The unusual blast likely arose when a star wandered too close to the central black hole of its galaxy.
Researchers found that Zileuton, an asthma drug, reduced gamma secretase's production of amyloid beta and subsequent plaque buildup in the brain by over 50% in a transgenic mouse model. This breakthrough suggests potential for new Alzheimer's treatment using an FDA-approved medication.
A new study from the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that depression can exacerbate knee arthritis symptoms beyond what is evident on X-rays. Patients with mild to moderate knee arthritis are especially affected by depression.