Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The American Heart Association reports that higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced inflammation. Additionally, researchers found that smaller LDL particles are an independent risk factor for heart disease.
The American Heart Association reports that high dietary salt intake is linked to increased risk of heart disease and stroke in overweight individuals. Snoring may also be a warning sign for cardiovascular disease, as it activates the sympathetic nervous system. Additionally, controlling weight through exercise can reduce cardiovascula...
Researchers found that chromium picolinate causes DNA breakage, potentially leading to genetic mutations and cancer. The study's findings highlight the need for further investigation into the long-term effects of chromium picolinate supplementation.
A national pilot study is testing whether soy supplementation can reduce prostate cancer risk in African-American men. The $494,588 study, led by Electra D. Paskett, Ph.D., will evaluate the effect of soy on markers for prostate cancer risk and assess its impact on cardiovascular health and quality of life.
The survey shows strong support for indexing the retirement age to increases in life expectancy. However, actuaries opposed individual accounts and favored limiting investment choices if enacted. Most respondents disagreed with adjusting benefits based on retiree-to-worker ratio.
A large study found that cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a lower risk of death from all causes, regardless of body fatness. The researchers suggest that fitness may be more important than being lean for reducing obesity and mortality risk.
A Cornell University study found that middle school students who used an adjustable computer tray improved their posture and reduced their risk of musculoskeletal problems. The improvements were statistically significant for the forearm, neck, wrist, and trunk, but only modestly beneficial.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that high levels of serum estradiol and testosterone are associated with a three-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer. Researchers hope this information will help clinicians identify high-risk women who may benefit from chemoprevention.
Researchers found that one-time H pylori screening could save thousands of lives due to the high mortality rate of gastric cancer. The study suggests that a simple blood test followed by antibiotics can effectively reduce cancer risk at an affordable cost.
A large study has identified a microscopic change in breast tissue that may double the risk of breast cancer in some women. Radial scars were found in nearly 100 out of 1,400 women with benign breast biopsies, doubling their risk of breast cancer independently of other tissue abnormalities.
Exercise can reverse age-related decline in lung capacity, increase muscle strength, and improve mobility. Regular physical activity also reduces the risk of disability and cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and heart attacks.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center found nearly 20% of young patients with colorectal cancer have the HNPCC syndrome, a dominantly inherited disorder that increases lifetime risk of developing multiple cancers. Individuals with HNPCC require special surveillance to protect against additional cancers.
Research suggests that soy supplements may decrease breast and endometrial cell proliferation, potentially lowering cancer risk. However, individual differences in metabolism and response to estrogens limit the benefit.
A new study found that calcium supplements moderately reduced the risk of recurring polyp growth in the colon and appeared to lower the risk of colon cancer. The study involved 832 patients who received 1200 milligrams of calcium carbonate daily for four years, with a 24% decrease in polyp numbers and a 19% decrease in recurrence risk.
The study estimates that one out of every two men and one out of every three women aged 40 will develop CHD, with risks remaining high at age 70. Heart disease is a major killer in the US, affecting 12-13 million Americans, and prevention measures such as healthy lifestyle choices are crucial.
Four Harvard physicians recommend a moratorium on reducing the national cesarean section delivery rate due to concerns about maternal and infant safety. They argue that economic forces are driving the goal, rather than patient well-being.
A UCSF study found that 11.7% of medical students sustained possible exposure to blood-borne diseases like HIV and hepatitis through accidental needlesticks, highlighting the need for greater supervision and training programs.
Patients are willing to disclose behavior that puts them at risk for conditions ranging from HIV to domestic violence, regardless of the method used. The study's findings suggest that doctors can initiate discussions about sensitive subjects without worrying about patient willingness.
A UCSF study shows that alendronate significantly reduced the risk of spine and hip fractures by almost half among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The drug also improved bone density in these women, reducing the risk of fractures by 30 percent compared to placebo.
The study found that obesity significantly increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease, with risks rising from 35% for non-obese men to 46% for severely obese individuals. The expected lifetime costs of heart disease are also higher for obese individuals, ranging from $6,000 for mildly obese men to $16,400 for severely obes...
A recent study by the American Heart Association found that physical activity significantly reduces the risk of stroke in individuals aged 45-64. Those who were more active at work had a 49% lower risk, while those with high levels of sports activity had a 23% reduced risk.
A study suggests that changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure may increase the risk of heart attack in men. Research found a significant association between extreme weather conditions and fatal and nonfatal heart attacks, particularly among those with previous heart attacks.
A Northwestern University study found that individuals with low cardiovascular disease risk factors during young adulthood and middle age had significantly lower annual Medicare charges, with men experiencing a 30% reduction ($1,600 less) and women experiencing a 50% reduction ($1,800 less). The results suggest that preventing major ca...
A peer-led intervention program, EachOne TeachOne, has shown success in reducing high-risk behaviors among drug users, with 80% of participants cutting back on their drug use or maintaining a low level of risk. However, condom use remained an area of concern, with only 25% of participants showing improvements.
Patients with complete blockage of the carotid artery and hemodynamic failure face a six to seven times higher stroke risk. Oxygen metabolism in the brain is crucial to stroke risk, and available treatments offer little alteration to risk.
A 10-year analysis of ischemic heart disease deaths among 34,492 postmenopausal women showed that those who consumed the most whole-grain had the lowest risk. The positive effect was attributed to increased intake of phenols, vitamins, and phytoestrogens.
A recent study found that women who participated in a short sexual assault education program were just as likely to experience sexual assault as those who didn't participate. The research suggests that these programs may only help women learn more about sexual assault, without reducing the risk of assault.
A study of 1,148 women infected with HIV or at high risk found that those with regular doctors had lower recidivism rates. Continuous medical care can also provide emotional support and substance abuse help, changing lives for many.
Anemia is a major cause of debilitating fatigue and early death in people with HIV. Research shows that treating anemia can reduce the risk of mortality, especially when related to antiretroviral therapy like AZT.
Following guidelines improves patient safety and reduces liability costs by 96% compared to no guideline compliance. MMI's report highlights the financial impact of adhering to core risk modification programs, with average cost per claim reduced by $70,000.
A landmark study found that behavioral interventions can cut high-risk sexual behaviors in half and more than double regular condom use among hardest-to-reach populations. The intervention, which focuses on motivation and skills to reduce high-risk behaviors, was effective in reducing gonorrhea incidence by half among men.
UCSF researchers report that the osteoporosis prevention drug raloxifene drastically reduces the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women without increasing the risk of endometrial or uterine cancer. The study found a 70 percent reduction in breast cancer cases among participants taking raloxifene compared to those receiving placebo.
A new study by University at Buffalo researchers found that smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of pre-term birth, low-birth weight babies, and small-for-gestational-age infants. Despite taking prenatal vitamins, these risks remain higher for smokers compared to non-smokers.
A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that daily physical activities like climbing stairs and walking increased the risk of preterm birth among low-income women. In contrast, moderate exercise was shown to lower the risk of premature delivery by up to 50%.
A recent study published by the American Heart Association suggests that sex differences in heart disease risk may be attributed to an enzyme called hepatic lipase. Hepatic lipase activity was found to be higher in men than women, and researchers believe this enzyme plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism.
Studies have consistently shown that long-term cigarette smoke exposure increases cardiovascular risk factors among non-smokers. Research by the American Heart Association reveals a significant association between passive smoking and higher rates of heart disease and stroke.
Researchers found no benefit from low-dose aspirin therapy in preventing preeclampsia in women at high risk, contradicting previous studies. High blood pressure and protein in urine can lead to eclampsia, which may be fatal.
Researchers found that African Americans and Hispanics with the APOE-4 allele have a similar risk of Alzheimer's disease as whites, but those without the allele had significantly increased risks. The study suggests that there may be new genes or environmental factors involved in the disease.
Research highlights the link between nutrition and nonmelanoma skin cancers, with dietary fat and antioxidant vitamins identified as key factors. Studies have shown that reducing fat intake and increasing consumption of Vitamin C, beta-carotene, and selenium may help lower cancer risk.
A large population-based study found no relationship between sunscreen use and melanoma risk, as people's reports of sunburn histories were inconsistent. Instead, genetic characteristics such as moles and pigmentary phenotype are major determinants of melanoma risk.
A study found that pravastatin significantly reduced the risk of stroke or ministroke in heart attack survivors by 32% compared to those who received a placebo. The medication also lowered the risk of either strokes or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) by 27%.
A study of 80,082 female nurses over 14 years found increased folate and vitamin B-6 intake to be predictive of reduced coronary heart disease risk. The researchers suggest that lower blood homocysteine levels may account for the protection offered by these vitamins.
A unique strategy aims to use computer-examined variables and prescribe chemical regulations for specific areas to benefit the environment and agriculture. The nation's first 'smart' environmental regulations for ground water contamination by agricultural runoff are being created as part of Indiana's pesticide management plan.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that diabetic men are at a 13 times higher risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared to non-diabetic men. Diabetic men were also four times more likely to develop ESRD attributed to non-diabetic disorders such as high blood pressure or kidney infection.
Researchers found that 100 micrograms of folic acid can prevent up to 22% of neural tube defects, while 200 micrograms can prevent most NTDs. The study suggests that increasing folic acid levels in grains could help reduce birth defect risks.
A study of 287 women found that poor numeracy skills and basic probability concepts can prevent women from accurately assessing the benefits of mammography screening. The researchers used four different formats to present statistical information, but found that low numeracy levels hindered women's ability to apply this information accu...
A study found that moderate alcohol consumption cuts the risk of death from a second heart attack in men who already had one. Men who drank light to moderate amounts reduced their risk by 20-30% compared to non-drinkers. However, heavy drinking poses significant health risks.
A study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that nearly one in four heart attack patients suffer from depression, which makes them less likely to modify their diets and exercise more often. The study also showed that depressed patients had greater difficulty following recommended lifestyle and behavior change recommendations.
A recent study found that women who perform specific components of Breast Self Examination (BSE) may have a reduced risk of dying from breast cancer. The three key components associated with this benefit are visually examining the breast, using finger pads to examine the breast, and using three middle fingers to examine the breast.
Researchers created a topical hand cream that prevents two common latex allergy reactions, sensitization and contact dermatitis. The cream's zinc gel composition forms a protective matrix on the skin's surface, binding soluble latex proteins and other irritants to prevent allergic responses.
Researchers found stents lower risk of death, heart attack, and repeat surgery compared to angioplasty for patients with obstructed vein grafts. The study's results suggest a new standard of care for hundreds of thousands of post-bypass patients.
A new international study has found a significant association between high levels of trans fatty acids and breast cancer in European women. The research suggests that reducing trans fatty acid consumption through dietary changes may help protect against breast cancer development.
A study of 472 women found a significant link between estrogen use and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. The research suggests that estrogen may stimulate nerve cell growth, inhibit apolipoprotein E levels, and increase neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, potentially reducing the risk of AD.
Maintaining a surgical patient's normal body temperature has been shown to reduce infections, speed healing and shorten hospital stays. Results of a clinical trial suggest a 55% risk reduction in cardiac complications when near-normal body temperatures are maintained.
Researchers found that men with high homocysteine levels and Factor V Leiden were three times more likely to develop venous blood clots. A 20-fold increased risk was seen in those with both conditions.
Dr. Bob Reinert recommends states adopt a single set of guidelines to minimize exposure to contaminants in fish. Effective guidelines can help anglers filter out unwanted chemicals from their catch.
Agricultural workers in Georgia are now being educated about skin cancer risks through a new program, thanks to $1.15 million in funding from the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. The program includes sun block, hats with built-in neck protection, and educational materials targeted at farmers' families.
Researchers studied 171 hospital patients with diabetes mellitus and found that sliding scale insulin regimens provided no benefit. Patients on standing regimens fared better than those on sliding scale regimens, which tripled the risk of hyperglycemia when used alone.
A study by scientists at the National Institute on Aging and Johns Hopkins University found that long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDs reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The research tracked over 1,686 participants for nearly two decades and showed a significant decrease in Alzheimer's risk with longer NSAID use.
A long-term epidemiological study found that postmenopausal women with the highest bone mass have a 3.5 times increased risk of developing breast cancer compared to those in the lowest quartile of bone mass. The study suggests that high bone mass may be associated with increased exposure to estrogen, which is linked to breast cancer de...