Articles tagged with Biomarkers
A novel study has identified metabolic defects, impaired protein secretion, and altered phosphoproteomic signatures in alcohol-associated cirrhosis and hepatitis. These findings may lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for a disease with limited treatment options.
A new PET imaging agent, 18F-AlF-FAPI-74, has been found to effectively monitor and predict treatment response of an up-and-coming cancer therapy. This non-invasive imaging approach can help inform clinical decision-making early in the course of treatment.
Researchers from Japan and the US share new technologies and blood biomarkers to detect pancreatic cancer and identify high-risk individuals. The findings aim to decrease cancer mortality rates by developing attractive new methods for early diagnosis.
A new genetic study published in Nature Genetics found that roughly one in five invasive breast cancers following ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are genetically unrelated to the original DCIS. The findings provide a deeper understanding of DCIS biology and suggest that DCIS should be considered a risk factor for the development of inv...
Researchers will track changes in the blood-brain barrier, neurovascular function, and cognition in over 850 participants with genetic variants at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The study aims to improve understanding of the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and identify effective interventions.
A team of researchers has developed a new algorithm to efficiently integrate large-scale microbiome data and identify disease-associated biomarkers. The NetMoss algorithm uses microbial interaction networks to remove batch effects and quantify topological differences, revealing biomarkers linked to multiple diseases.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a computational DNA droplet that can recognize specific combinations of chemically synthesized microRNAs as biomarkers of tumors. The droplet can perform logic computing operations and detect multiple cancer biomarkers simultaneously.
Researchers have identified new biomarkers to detect non-small cell lung cancer in its early stages through a blood test, offering improved survival chances. The approach can also identify potential drug resistance, allowing clinicians to choose alternative treatment options.
Researchers at the University of Houston have identified blood biomarkers predicting heart disease in lupus patients and urine biomarkers for diagnosing kidney inflammation in children with lupus. These findings hold promise for early preventive measures and improved treatment outcomes.
The JNM Molecular Imaging of Neurodegeneration Supplement provides an overview of molecular imaging techniques in neurodegenerative disorders. The supplement aims to improve early and differential diagnosis, as well as stratify and monitor therapy in these disorders.
A new review analyzes the efficacy of current non-invasive methods for assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated conditions. Blood-based biomarker tests and imaging methods are explored, with some showing promise in early diagnosis and staging liver disorders.
Researchers validated a liquid biopsy test as a better predictor of immunotherapy response in lung cancer patients compared to traditional tumor biopsies. The test measures the PD-L1 biomarker in blood, showing improved accuracy in predicting treatment outcomes and survival.
A study by Kyushu University has identified biomarkers in blood samples that distinguish healthy individuals from Hikikomori patients and predict the severity of the condition. Key findings include elevated ornithine levels, lower bilirubin levels, and higher long-chain acylcarnitine levels in patients.
Researchers are assessing cognitive decline in aging Latinos, exploring the long-term impact of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease on brain function and impairment. The study will gather data to develop real-world therapies and potentially lessen the disease burden of dementia affecting Latinos.
Researchers at Kobe University and Hiroshima University have developed a biomarker that can diagnose Parkinson's disease from blood serum samples. The 'P450 inhibition assay' uses 12 different human P450s to detect changes in metabolites, allowing for accurate diagnosis with an accuracy rate of 85-88%. This breakthrough could lead to f...
Researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine have made significant progress in developing blood tests for Alzheimer's diagnosis and treatment. The latest study, published in Nature Medicine, explores the utility of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) blood biomarkers to aid in early detection and improve disease management.
Scientists have discovered that certain metals found in people's urine could be potentially useful clinical biomarkers for the early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI). The study, which was led by experts from the University of Nottingham, found that concentrations of these metals rose in urine within an hour after cardiac surgery ...
Researchers used cell-free DNA methylation patterns to identify patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who would benefit from chemotherapy before surgery. The approach showed promise in accurately predicting tumor response, with a correct prediction rate of 79%.
Researchers found promising new biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in blood tests, but found that comorbidities can increase levels and provide false positive results. The study suggests more research is needed before these tests can be used in clinical settings.
Researchers discovered that chromatin entropy increases during aging, leading to epigenetic dysregulation and cellular senescence. The study found that aberrant expression of placenta-related genes is a key driver of cellular aging.
A study published in PLOS ONE identified a biomarker panel that could help predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy, potentially reducing its impact on mother and baby. Researchers found distinct expression of microRNA genes in extracellular vesicles isolated from maternal blood samples taken during the first trim...
Researchers identified a blood biomarker that predicts severe Crohn's disease and is detectable up to seven years prior to diagnosis. The biomarker neutralizes protective effects of a cytokine, leading to intestinal damage and weakening the immune system.
A new study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that higher red blood cell distribution width is associated with increased rates of in-hospital mortality and hospital re-admission among older patients. The study included 94,617 patients aged over 60 who were hospitalized between 2013 and 2017.
A minimally invasive device combined with molecular biomarkers has shown a 90% success rate in detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer. Early detection is crucial to improve survival rates, as symptoms often become apparent too late for effective treatment.
A research team discovered that an excessive number of thromboxane A2 receptors in blood vessel cells hinders the formation of new blood vessels, leading to vascular and cardiovascular diseases. The finding offers a promising biomarker for treatment and potential therapeutic benefits from blocking the receptor's action.
The study identified a specific methylation signature, TCF7, which predicts the presence of anti-tumor T cells and patient outcomes. The findings suggest that determining immunoepignomic status through tumor-based expression quantitative trait methylation screening could allow for accurate prediction of patient outcomes.
Researchers developed a biosensor using nanostructured and nanoporous surfaces to detect biomarkers in clinical samples, overcoming technical challenges of small sample amounts. The new technology can provide quick and accurate diagnoses for diseases like prostate cancer without needing dilution or preprocessing steps.
Researchers identified two novel biomarkers that predict response to immunotherapy and adverse events in liver cancer patients. The study's findings enable more effective and individualized treatment of primary liver cancer hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, with fewer side effects.
A new nanosensor platform uses machine learning to analyze spectral signatures of carbon nanotubes for early detection of ovarian cancer. The approach detects biomarkers and recognizes the cancer itself, offering a promising alternative to traditional methods.
A study found that high blood adenosine levels at 15 days of life correlated with white matter lesions and brain injury in very low birth weight premature infants. Adenosine may play a role in oligodendrocyte maturation and neuronal development, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for complications of prematurity.
Adolescent and young adult leukemia survivors experience lower long-term survival compared to the general population, with age and sex influencing outcomes. Long-term mortality risks persist for up to 30 years after diagnosis, primarily due to late side effects from treatment.
Researchers have found blood proteins that cause migraine, including DKK1 and PDGFB, which inhibit Wnt signalling pathways. Lower levels of antioxidant proteins FARS2, GSTA4, and CHIC2 also contribute to inflammation linked to migraine. Therapies targeting increased DKK1 levels may represent novel tools for treatment.
Researchers discovered a link between traumatic brain injuries and changes in the gut microbiome, suggesting a potential diagnostic tool for concussions. The study found two bacterial species that dropped significantly after concussions, indicating a correlation with traumatic brain injury-linked proteins in the blood.
A new wearable device can simultaneously monitor glucose, alcohol, and lactate levels, providing users with a comprehensive picture of their health. This technology has the potential to improve disease management for individuals with diabetes and other conditions, as well as enhance overall wellness through real-time tracking.
A flexible sensor embedded in a diaper measures multiple components in urine, sharing results over Bluetooth for fast bedside analyses. The technology has potential to provide quick and painless urinalysis for incontinent, elderly or infant patients.
Researchers developed a novel gene expression approach to identify potential blood biomarkers associated with suicide in major depressive disorder. The study analyzed data from non-preserved blood samples and found significant differences in gene expression changes linked to stress response, immune dysregulation, and telomere maintenance.
The Chemical Insights Research Institute has received a prestigious award from the National Institutes of Health to study the link between electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) usage and periodontal disease. The researchers will analyze consumer vaping behavior data and biosamples to identify biomarkers of exposure and injury, aim...
Researchers have identified a novel biomarker that uses radiomics to extract brain age from clinical MRI scans, revealing its potential in predicting stroke recovery and improving post-stroke surveillance. The study found that 'older-appearing' brains were more likely to suffer from hypertension and diabetes, while younger-looking brai...
A new study found a consistent increase in PHGDH expression among Alzheimer's patients and asymptomatic individuals, suggesting increased serine production in the brain. The findings prompt caution against taking serine supplements for Alzheimer's disease treatment or prevention.
Researchers found that normal-appearing lupus skin contains the same inflammatory signals as skin with rashes, suggesting a primed state for inflammation. The study's findings provide new insights into how UV light triggers rashes in lupus patients and highlight the potential for precision medicine in treating the disease.
A new study suggests that a wearable sensor can detect the gases released from a person's skin to monitor biomarkers related to metabolic disorders. The technology has the potential to track long-term changes in metabolic rates and could also be used to detect signs of liver disease.
Researchers developed a model using radiomic features from screening images to identify high-risk lung cancer patients. The model divided patients into groups according to their risk of having poor outcomes, with low-risk patients having an 83.3% five-year overall survival and high-risk patients having a 25% five-year overall survival.
A new study systematically reviews data on PFAS exposure and liver damage, linking three commonly detected PFAS to elevated levels of a liver enzyme, ALT. The research suggests a potential link between PFAS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a growing public health crisis affecting 25% of adults worldwide.
Researchers identified P-tau181 as a blood biomarker for predicting dementia before symptoms develop. The study found that elevated levels of P-tau181 were associated with greater accumulation of ß-amyloid on brain scans, indicating early signs of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers used lipidomics to identify lipids associated with cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes, finding a link between unsaturated fatty acids in the diet and reduced risk. The study's findings support replacing saturated fats with unsaturated ones for preventing these diseases.
A study led by Richard Isaacson found that individualized, multi-domain interventions improved cognition and reduced Alzheimer's risk in both men and women. Women demonstrated greater improvements in certain risk scores and biomarkers compared to men.
A new study indicates that artificial intelligence can accurately predict who will develop pancreatic cancer based on pre-diagnostic CT scan images. The AI tool was trained to analyze textural differences in the pancreas and achieved an accuracy rate of 86% in identifying those who would eventually develop the disease.
Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have developed a highly accurate and minimally invasive test for detecting liver fibrosis. The test, GlycoFibroTyper, measures changes in sugar molecules attached to antibodies in patient blood samples.
Research presents a promising path forward for early identification and intervention of Alzheimer's disease through the study of executive function and biomarkers. A link to genetics research is also being explored to better understand genetic and environmental factors that influence cognitive and brain aging.
A study found that fetuses with single-ventricle congenital heart disease are more susceptible to social-emotional problems compared to those with two-ventricle congenital heart disease. Infants with impaired prenatal brain growth also experience worsened language, cognitive, and motor outcomes by 18 months.
A new study found that three experimental Alzheimer's blood tests perform differently in Black individuals compared to white individuals, putting Black patients at risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate medical care. The PrecivityAD test was equally effective across racial groups.
A unique ratio of metabolites in blood samples may facilitate faster diagnosis of early-stage Alzheimer's disease. The discovery promises to reduce reliance on amyloid fragments, which can be detected using existing equipment.
A doctor's visit from the future describes patient care in 2042, where diagnosis and treatment are personalized based on individual biological abnormalities. Researchers believe this approach could lead to more effective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers found plasma neurofilament light levels were elevated in all types of frontotemporal dementia, and in people who had mutations but hadn't shown symptoms yet. Higher levels of the protein were associated with greater disease severity and increased just before symptom onset.
A new tsRNA, tRF-Gln-TTG-006, has been identified in the serum of liver cancer patients as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis. This discovery provides valuable information on the relationship between tsRNAs and liver cancer development.
The TTUHSC's C. Patrick Reynolds has received a $1.34 million CPRIT grant to investigate updating the clinical risk stratification scale for neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, two childhood cancers in need of improved therapies.
A study suggests that accounting for genetic factors causing normal variations in PSA levels could improve the accuracy of prostate cancer detection. By analyzing data from over 95,000 men, researchers identified a polygenic score that accounted for 7.3-8.7% of variation in baseline PSA levels and was not associated with prostate cancer.
Children of exceptionally long-lived parents and their spouses experience lower risk of type II diabetes compared to the general population. The study found that low BMI, high HDL cholesterol, and certain hormones in the blood protect against developing diabetes II.
The CodeBreaK 100 trial demonstrated prolonged tumor responses and favorable safety profiles in patients treated with sotorasib. Long-term treatment was well-tolerated, with a two-year overall survival rate of 32.5%.
Researchers identified a genetic variant associated with increased response to anti-PD-1 therapy and higher immune-related side effects in lung cancer patients. The variant, found in 15.7% of exceptional responders, may be used to identify patients who would benefit from treatment.